非均匀损伤介质中波传播的数值解

对弹性波在非均匀损伤介质中的传播理论进行了研究。通过将非均匀损伤区域离散成分层均匀的区域,结合相邻区域交界面处的连续条件,推导出了以右行波、左行波为状态向量的波动方程和传递矩阵。对几种非均匀损伤介质中波的传播进行了实例数值计算,并和其解析解的结果进行了比较,讨论了弹性波在非均匀损伤介质中传播的一般性质。     

损伤介质中波传播特性的研究

本文研究了弹性波在损伤介质中传播的基本理论,建立了基本动力学方程式,并根据其边界条件和连续性条件求得末端接收波位移的时域曲线。接收波则综合携带了损伤介质内部特性信息,可通过这些信息研究损失介质损坏的程度及位置。通过实例计算,定量地分析了结构内部损伤度、损伤位置和损伤区域大小对接收波幅值和波到达时间的影响。通过分析可知损伤对波传播的影响较大;并且可以根据给定的曲线图,直接由测得的接收波峰值及到达时间探测到结构内部损伤大小与分布。这为无损检测的定量化反分析提供了可靠的依据。     

冲击回波法对混凝土内部损伤检测的试验研究

通过预加荷载给混凝土试件内部引入一定程度的损伤,分别测量了损伤前后试件内部弹性波的传播速度以及抗压强度,探讨了弹性波波速的降低程度与抗压强度劣化之间的关系。研究表明:在MEM卓越周期图中,主要峰值数量增加和底部边界面反射信号周期加长可作为判别损伤产生的依据;弹性波波速与混凝土内部的损伤程度具有很好的相关性,混凝土损伤程度越大,波速降低值越大;弹性波波速降低程度与抗压强度劣化之间具有线性相关性。根据试验数据拟合出了线性方程。说明采用冲击回波法对混凝土内部损伤程度检测是可行的,在混凝土结构的可靠性与安全性分析方面具有广阔的应用前景。     

缺陷岩体中弹性波传播的多次散射效应分析

弹性波在岩体中传播时与岩体缺陷相互作用形成复杂的传播图案。为研究缺陷对弹性波多次散射作用的影响,建立了双椭圆缺陷模型,基于Green函数基本解,采用边界积分的计算方法,得到了反映缺陷界面条件的刚度矩阵,分析了弹性波在双椭圆缺陷间的多次散射效应。结果表明：与单椭圆缺陷模型相比,双缺陷的相互作用使得弹性波频散和衰减效应增强,定量给出了缺陷的影响区域,从而明确了多次散射效应的尺度界限。进一步探讨了弹性波传播的多尺度效应,结果表明频散的Rayleigh峰、Mie峰和衰减的峰值频率同椭圆长轴和入射波波长两个尺度密切相关,存在明确的定量关系。相应的数值模拟结果表明,弹性波和缺陷相互作用在缺陷界面上诱发界面波,该界面波也存在频率相关性,影响了弹性波宏观传播的频散和衰减特征。     

弹性波在螺栓搭接结构中传播行为的数值模拟

为了建立有效的基于弹性波的螺栓连接损伤检测方法,研究弹性波在连接结构中的传播行为至关重要。本文针对典型单螺栓搭接薄梁,采用非线性多物理场耦合有限元仿真方法,研究弹性波在连接结构中的传播行为。采用ANSYS中压电耦合单元建模MFC压电传感器,非线性接触单元建模螺栓连接结构,将接触面之间考虑为考虑摩擦接触的非线性关系。依次对螺栓施加预紧载荷,对结构施加模拟电压激励,进行非线性瞬态波传播分析。同时,本文对仿真结果进行了实验验证。结果表明,本文建立的有限元模型和分析方法能够有效地模拟弹性波在连接结构中的传播过程,数值预测的响应电压和实验结果吻合较好。针对非线性模型计算耗费大的问题,本文对非线性模型进行了线性化改进。具体为采用准静态接触有限元分析确定对接面有效接触面积的大小,然后将接触面积上对应节点绑定,进行线性瞬态波传播分析。结果表明:本文的线性方法能够有效模拟波传播过程,并能有效降低计算耗费;弹性波在连接梁中传播时,经过连接界面和螺栓位置时,传播路径、波形、幅值都发生了较大的变化。     

波由单相弹性介质向横观各向同性液体饱和多孔介质传播时的反射与透射

研究了弹性波从单相各向同性弹性介质向双相各向异性液体饱和介质的传播问题。基于Biot的孔隙介质理论，并考虑动态渗透率，对以任意角度，任意频率入射的弹性波，解析地导出了在界面上的透射角，透射波波速和衰减系数，给出了各波在界面上的能量分配，数值计算了反射，透射系数与入射角，孔隙度等的关系曲线。     

一种微裂纹型拉伸损伤模型在混凝土材料中的应用

将包含众多不同规则微裂纹的混凝土材料视为等效微裂纹系统,结合细观微裂纹动力律与波动理论,确定了裂纹演化与应力波传播的内在关系;根据有核长大思想和能量耗散理论,建立了一种便于工程应用的混凝土类准脆性材料拉伸损伤演化方程,并由混凝土单轴拉伸实验确定了相关材料参数;进行了混凝土平板撞击和内爆炸所引起的波传播和层裂问题的数值计算。结果表明:混凝土靶板的自由面速度时程曲线呈现明显周期性震荡,震荡周期与应力波在裂片中往返一次的时间基本相同;混凝土靶板损伤空间分布和损伤云纹图与已有实验结果一致,验证了本文所建立的微裂纹型拉伸损伤模型的科学实用性。     

冲击荷载作用下滤波混凝土的动态响应与层裂损伤数值研究

借鉴局域共振材料的工作机制,通过在混凝土基体中嵌入滤波单元,设计出具有应力波衰减特性的滤波混凝土。通过将滤波混凝土结构简化为质量弹簧力学系统来分析滤波混凝土对应力波的衰减机制。采用数值模拟方法,对比研究了冲击荷载作用下普通混凝土模型和滤波混凝土模型中应力波的传播特性和层裂破坏模式。通过参数分析,研究了滤波单元的材料和几何属性对其储能效果的影响。研究结果表明：滤波单元有效降低了混凝土基体中应力波的传播速度和应力峰值;滤波单元的储能机制有效降低了混凝土基体中的能量;金属球的质量越大,滤波单元的储能效果越好,但弹性层的弹性模量和厚度需要通过适当分析进行设计以实现滤波单元的储能最大化;滤波混凝土基体的局部损伤耗散了荷载中的大量能量,有效降低了结构自由面附近的破坏程度。     

黄土和砂土岩中填实爆炸辐射弹性波的对比研究

研究地下爆炸弹性区的震动特性,关键是获得场地介质与爆炸能量耦合作用下辐射弹性波的实验参数。对于不易加工成大尺寸模型的砂土岩,为研究其填实爆炸下辐射弹性波的特征,采用0.125 g TNT微型炸药球作为爆炸源,以塑性区可置换的?1 370 mm×1 200 mm黄土样品作为提供应力波传播路径的载体,用波阻抗近似相等的重塑黄土和砂土岩样品分别作为源区介质,对比分析了两种介质中微药量填实爆炸辐射的弹性波传播特征。实验结果表明:在测试范围内,两种介质中填实爆炸激发的弹性应力波粒子速度(位移)峰值的衰减规律、波形的主频变化规律一致;砂土岩中爆炸辐射的弹性波粒子速度(位移)峰值整体高于黄土、粒子速度波形的半高宽和主频低于黄土;砂土岩中爆炸耦合的向外传播的弹性波能量比黄土大。实测结果反映,黄土和砂土岩中填实爆炸弹性波能量耦合强度的差别。     

考虑阻尼的无限长小垂度缆索弹性波的传播

缆索结构被广泛应用于电气、土木、海洋和航空工程等领域,随着缆索在工程中的应用长度越来越长,高阶振动越来越明显,研究时应该考虑扰动沿着缆索的传播.现有对缆索弹性波传播的研究中,通常不考虑阻尼项,然而阻尼对于波的传播有着重要影响.文章考虑阻尼的影响,发展了包含阻尼项的三维弹性缆索运动方程.通过求解上述含阻尼项的运动方程,分别考察了面内面外弹性波的频率关系、相速度和群速度等自由传播特性,进而通过计算无限长弹性缆索在初始余弦型脉冲作用下的位移响应,分析扰动沿着该缆索的传播规律,考察波的色散现象以及阻尼对于缆索弹性波传播的影响.结果表明,考虑阻尼后,面内波和面外波均为色散波,面内波在曲率的作用下,为高度色散波.此外,在阻尼的影响下,波的峰值在传播过程不断减小,且波的后缘端点响应总是高于前缘端点响应.     

Numerical modeling of damage detection in concrete beams using piezoelectric patches

Research and development of active monitoring systems for reinforced concrete structures should lead to improved structural safety and reliability. Numerical models of active monitoring and damage detection systems can help in the development and implementation of these systems. Modeling of damage detection process in a concrete beam with piezoelectric sensors/actuators based on wave propagation is investigated in this paper. Numerical modeling process is divided into two parts: (1) piezoelectric smart aggregates (SA), and (2) wave propagation models. Displacement obtained in the SA model is used as an input parameter for the modeling of wave propagation. Wavelet analysis is used as a signal processing tool and the damage index is calculated based on the wave energy. In this paper root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) damage index is used. Damage indices obtained by this numerical analysis are compared with experimental results. Very good fit between the finite element (FE) results and experimental results confirm a good FE approach of this problem.     

损伤围岩中爆炸应力波动的数值模拟

应用有限元方法分析了硐室损伤围岩中爆炸应力波的传播和应力分布特征，通过引入JHC本构模型和岩石损伤变量D探讨了应力波作用下岩体的损伤演化模式。研究表明:围岩初始损伤对后续爆炸应力波的波动性质、作用范围和围岩应力分布具有不同程度的影响。当初始损伤超过某临界值后会显著地影响应力波的波动范围和围岩应力分布；在一定爆炸当量下，爆炸应力存在一个有效作用范围Lp，该范围塑性区以内，爆炸应力对岩体的损伤随围岩初始损伤增大而增大；有效作用范围Lp以外，围岩初始残余非弹性变形积累和单元残余拉应力可以平衡爆炸应力波动产生的损伤叠加效应，耗散了爆炸应力作用和波动能量。分析了产生在这种现象的原因。给出了有效作用范围Lp与围岩初始等效应力p之间的经验关系。     

各向异性粘弹性多孔截止中平面波的传播

This study discusses wave propagation in perhaps the most general model of a poroelastic medium. The medium is considered as a viscoelastic, anisotropic and porous solid frame such that its pores of anisotropic permeability are filled with a viscous fluid. The anisotropy considered is of general type, and the attenuating waves in the medium are treated as the inhomogeneous waves. The complex slowness vector is resolved to define the phase velocity, homogeneous attenuation, inhomogeneous attenuation, and angle of attenuation for each of the four attenuating waves in the medium. A non-dimensional parameter measures the deviation of an inhomogeneous wave from its homogeneous version. An numerical model of a North-Sea sandstone is used to analyze the effects of the propagation direction, inhomogeneity parameter, frequency regime, anisotropy symmetry, anelasticity of the frame, and viscosity of the pore-fluid on the propagation characteristics of waves in such a medium.     

ON RESIDUAL COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH PREDICTION OF COMPOSITE SANDWICH PANELS AFTER LOW-VELOCITY IMPACT DAMAGE

This paper introduces a nonlinear finite element analysis on damage propagation behavior of composite sandwich panels under in-plane uniaxial quasi-static compression after a low velocity impact. The major damage modes due to the impact, including the residual indentation on the impacted facesheet, the initially crushed core under the impacted area, and the delamination are incorporated into the model. A consequential core crushing mechanism is incorporated into the analysis by using an element deactivation technique. Damage propagation behavior, which corresponds to those observed in sandwich compression after impact (SCAI) tests, has been successfully captured in the numerical simulation. The critical far field stress corresponding to the onset of damage propagation at specified critical locations near the damage zone are captured successfully. They show a good correlation with experimental data. These values can be used to effectively predict the residual compressive strength of low-velocity impact damaged composite sandwich panels.     

冲击载荷下混凝土材料的动态本构关系

利用改装的杆径为 74mm的直锥变截面式大尺寸Hopkinson压杆对混凝土材料进行冲击压缩实验 ,系统研究了混凝土的应变率硬化效应 ,采用一种新的方法损伤冻结法对混凝土材料在冲击载荷下的损伤软化效应进行了系统研究 ,给出了冲击载荷下混凝土的损伤演化方程 ;在对数据进行合理分析的基础上 ,结合粘弹性本构理论 ,得到混凝土材料的损伤型线性粘弹性本构关系。     

Wave propagation through mangrove forests in the presence of a viscoelastic bed

The influence of viscoelastic ocean beds on the characteristics of surface waves passing through mangrove forests is analyzed under the assumption of linearized water wave theory in two dimensions. The trunks of the mangroves are assumed to be in the upper-layer inviscid fluid domain, whilst the roots are inside the viscoelastic bed. The associated equation of motion is obtained by coupling the Voigt’s model for flow within the viscoelastic medium with the equation of motion in the presence of mangroves. The modified dynamic conditions are coupled with the kinematic conditions to obtain the boundary condition at the free surface and the interface of the two fluids consisting of the upper layer inviscid fluid and the viscoelastic fluid bed. To understand the effects of bed viscosity as well as elasticity on energy dissipation, the complex dispersion relation associated with the plane progressive wave is derived and analyzed. Effect of physical parameters associated with mangroves and viscoelastic bed on wave motion in surface and internal modes are computed and analyzed to understand their roles in attenuating wave effects. The present model will be useful in the better understanding of wave propagation through mangroves in the coastal zone having muddy seabed.     

A new nonlinear elastic time reversal acoustic method for the identification and localisation of stress corrosion cracking in welded plate-like structures – A simulation study

In order to reduce the costs related to corrosion damage in aircraft structures, it is vital to develop new robust, accurate and reliable damage detection methods. A possible answer to this problem is offered by newly developed nonlinear ultrasonic techniques, which monitors the nonlinear elastic wave propagation behaviour introduced by damage, to detect its presence and location.In this paper, a new nonlinear time reversal technique is presented for the detection and localization of a scattered zone (damage) in a multi-material medium. In particular, numerical findings on a friction stir-welded aluminium plate-like structure are reported. Damage was introduced in the heat affected zone and modelled using a multi-scale material constitutive model (Preisach–Mayergoyz space).Studies were conducted for two different transducer configurations. Particular attention was devoted to find the optimum time-reversed window to be re-emitted in the structures. The methodology was compared with traditional time-reversal acoustics (TRA), showing significant improvements. While the traditional TRA was not able to clearly localise the damage, the developed technique identified in a clear manner the faulted zone, showing its robustness to locate and characterize nonlinear sources, in presence of a multi-material medium.     

平板撞击下C30混凝土中冲击波的传播特性

采用1级气炮加载技术和锰铜应力计多点测试技术,开展了C30混凝土在平板撞击条件下的冲击压缩实验研究。基于锰铜应力计实测的应力波形,研究了混凝土中冲击波的传播特性,结果显示冲击波的应力峰值随传播距离呈现明显的衰减特性,衰减过程可分为2个阶段。在早期阶段,卸载波没有赶上前面传播的冲击波,冲击波应力峰值衰减较慢,主要是混凝土材料的本构粘性效应所引起的;而后期阶段应力峰值的快速衰减则归因于混凝土材料的本构粘性效应、后续的来自飞片自由面的反射波追赶卸载、边侧稀疏波卸载及波传播的几何弥散效应的共同作用;另外,冲击波在混凝土中传播的升时也随着传播距离逐渐增大,即由强间断波逐渐转化为弱间断波。     

粘弹性Hopkinson压杆中波的衰减和弥散

研究了线性粘弹性Hopkinson压杆中由于粘性效应和横向惯性效应引起的就力波衰减和弥散。导出计及横向惯性效应的线性粘弹性杆中纵波控制方程和应力解应变解，进而导出表征波衰竭和弥散性质的纵波传播系数的修正公式。这一修正公式计入粘性效应和几何效应，与Bacon公式相比，其形式简单，更便于在实验数据处理中应用。最后利用实验方法测定了有机玻璃杆的传播系数。