Effect of electron correlation on high-order harmonic generation in helium model atom

High-order harmonic generation (HHG) of a helium model atom in an intense laser field has been numerically investigated. The influence of electron correlation on HHG is analysed by changing the strength between the electrons. The numerical results show that as the electron interaction strength becomes small, the first ionization energy increases rapidly, which results in the decrease in ionization. So the conversion efficiency of the high harmonic lying in the plateau decreases greatly, while the cutoff harmonic order in the harmonic spectrum increases.     

Single-atom effects in high-order harmonic generation: role of carrier-envelope phase in the few-optical-cycle regime

Recently the role of the carrier-envelope phase of few-optical-cycle light pulses on high-order harmonic generation has been experimentally observed. By using a three-dimensional nonadiabatic propagation model, we show that the observed carrier-envelope phase dependence of the spectral characteristics of the harmonic radiation is essentially a single-atom effect. Nonadiabatic single-atom response has been calculated in the framework of the saddle-point approximation. PACS 42.65.Ky; 42.65.Re; 42.50.Hz     

Unequally spaced multiple mid-infrared wavelength generation using an engineered quasi-phase-matching device

We propose a novel quasi-phase-matched (QPM) device that can generate unequally spaced multiple wavelengths. Unequally spaced multiple QPM peaks can be obtained by employing the optimized phase modulation of a periodic domain structure. We fabricated a LiNbO3 waveguide device for 3.2-3.4 microm band difference frequency generation based on the design. Using the multiple mid-infrared outputs, we demonstrate the detection of multiple hydrocarbon gases, namely, methane, ethylene, and ethane.     

高次谐波辐射发射特性研究

报告由不同脉冲宽度(半高宽,FWHM)和不同载波-包络相位(CEP,Φ)的激光产生的高次谐波辐射能量输出时间特性即发射特性的研究结果. 计算表明,由宽度为几个周期的激光产生的高次谐波辐射的截止能量明显低于由无限长脉冲宽度激光产生的截止能量ω_max=3.17U_p+I_p(其中ω_max为光子角频率,U_p和I_p分别为激光有质动力势和原子的电离能). 例如,由两周期(FWHM),Φ＝15°的激光产生的高次谐波辐射的截止能量为ω_max=2.90U_p+I_p,此时发射特性单脉冲(即分布单脉冲)具有最大的能量带宽0.86U_p. 脉冲中心位置的载波相位和时间宽度分别为0.94rad(弧度)和1.29rad. 而该激光脉冲在Φ＝-75°时能产生截止能量为ω_max=2.70U_p+I_p,最大能量带宽为0.70U_p的双分布脉冲,其中心位置分别为-0.58rad和2.43rad,宽度分别为1.22rad和1.33rad. 随着激光脉冲宽度的增加,分布单脉冲的能量带宽比时间宽度下降得更快. 对于一定宽度的激光脉冲,所产生的分布单脉冲的能量带宽和时间宽度的CEP依赖性显示出180°的周期结构. 利用这个有趣的特点,在实验上可以通过调节CEP来选择分布脉冲的能量参数,也可用来定位和控制阿秒脉冲的时间参数. 理论分析指出,只要选择合适的阿秒X射线能量带宽,CEP不稳定性对于光电子谱和测量结果的影响将大为降低,甚至在最大程度上消除这种影响. 这些研究结果不仅有助于在物理上深入了解高次谐波辐射的动力学过程,而且对于进一步在实验上优化和选择阿秒单脉冲和双脉冲具有重要的参考和指导意义. 关键词： 高次谐波产生 鞍点方法 谐波发射特性 分布脉冲     

Dramatic enhancement of high-order harmonic generation

We present a dramatic enhancement [Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 043002 (2003)] of high-order harmonic generation by simultaneous irradiation of booster harmonics. A key feature of our experiment is the use of mixed gases (Xe and He) with different ionization energies. The harmonics from Xe atoms act as a booster to increase the harmonic yield from He by a factor of 4 x 10(3). The dominance of the dramatic enhancement effect is supported by simulation with the time-dependent Schr?dinger equation as well as the observed spatial characteristic of the generated harmonics and dependence on medium conditions.     

Influence of circular aperture on high-order harmonic generation

The influence of circular aperture on the intensity of high-order harmonic generation (HHG) with intense femtosecond laser pulse was studied both experimentally and theoretically. The intensity variety of HHG with the diameter of circular aperture was observed in pulsed Ar gas. The result was discussed and interpreted in terms of the theory of Hankel transform. It is found that using the Gaussian beam truncated by an aperture could enhance the conversion efficiency of HHG at certain conditions.     

原子在红外激光场中产生高次谐波及阿秒脉冲随波长的变化规律

利用强场近似理论,研究了在长波红外激光场(波长800—2000 nm)驱动下氢原子产生的高次谐波,分析了在截止位置附近高次谐波的转换效率随激光波长的变化规律.发现在截止位置附近原子发射高次谐波的转换效率比平台区域的转换效率低,但获得的阿秒脉冲的宽度会随波长的增大而缩短. 关键词： 强场近似 高次谐波 阿秒脉冲     

Bohmian mechanics to high-order harmonic generation

This paper introduces Bohmian mechanics (BM) into the intense laser-atom physics to study high-order harmonic generation. In BM, the trajectories of atomic electron in an intense laser field can be obtained with the Bohm--Newton equation. The power spectrum with the trajectory of an atomic electron is calculated, which is found to be irregular. Next, the power spectrum associated with an atom ensemble from BM is considered, where the power spectrum becomes regular and consistent with that from quantum mechanics. Finally, the reason of the generation of the irregular spectrum is discussed.     

Multiple collisions in crystal high-order harmonic generation

We theoretically investigate high-order harmonic generation (HHG) in crystals induced by linearly polarized laser fields. We obtain the HHG spectra by solving the semiconductor Bloch equations and analyze the radiation process by different models. Here we propose a multiple collision model, in which the electrons and holes are produced at different times and places. It is found that the multiple collision trajectories can help us comprehensively and better explain the results of the quantum calculation. Moreover, we find that the harmonic suppression occurs due to the overlap of multiple collision trajectories.     

Quantum path interferences in high-order harmonic generation

We have investigated the intensity dependence of high-order harmonic generation in argon when the two shortest quantum paths contribute to the harmonic emission. For the first time to our knowledge, experimental conditions were found to clearly observe interference between these two quantum paths that are in excellent agreement with theoretical predictions. This result is a first step towards the direct experimental characterization of the full single-atom dipole moment and demonstrates an unprecedented accuracy of quantum path control on an attosecond time scale.     

High-order harmonic generation in sub-one-cycle regime

We theoretically investigate the high-order harmonic generation from the hydrogen atom driven by the laser pulses with the durations less than the optical cycle.It is found that the switching term of the laser field may have an obvious influence on the cutoff,intensity or plateau structure of the high-order harmonic spectrum.Generally speaking,the switching term can shorten the cutoff of the high-order harmonic spectrum for a relatively longer pulse and extend the cutoff for a relatively shorter pulse.     

相对论质量修正效应对超高次谐波的影响

通过分别求解含时狄拉克方程和含时薛定谔方程, 研究了一维模型原子在相对论超强激光脉冲作用下的超高次谐波发射过程. 研究结果表明: 在弱场强条件下, 相对论的模拟结果可以退化到非相对论的结果; 随着场强的增强, 可以逐渐观察到明显的相对论质量修正效应. 此外, 根据发展的相对论的"三步"模型并结合小波时频分析方法, 分析了谐波平台的截止位置和发射效率.     

A scaling law of high-order harmonic generation

Using a nonperturbative quantum electrodynamics theory of high-order harmonic generation (HHG), a scaling law of HHG is established. The scaling law states that when the atomic binding energy E_b, the wavelength λ and the intensity I of the laser field change simultaneously to kE_b, λ/k, and k³I, respectively. The characteristics of the HHG spectrum remain unchanged, while the harmonic yield is enhanced k³ times. That HHG obeys the same scaling law with above-threshold ionization is a solid proof of the fact that the two physical processes have similar physical mechanisms. The variation of integrated harmonic yields is also discussed.     

原子在双色组合场中产生高次谐波的转换效率与激光波长的关系

利用分裂算符法求解速度规范下的含时薛定谔方程,研究了一维氦原子处于单色红外场、红外场与紫外场形成的双色组合场中产生的高次谐波谱,分析了在截止位置附近高次谐波的转换效率与激光波长(800—2000 nm)的关系,发现在双色组合场驱动下截止位置附近高次谐波的转换效率随波长的变化为η(λ)∝λ^－x,其中〈x〉的数值取决于激光场的强度,但是只要选取合适场强的组合场就能提高截止位置附近高次谐波的转换效率. 关键词： 双色组合场 分裂算符 高次谐波 转换效率     

等离子体光栅靶的表面粗糙度对高次谐波产生的影响

极紫外光和软X射线由于其波长和脉冲持续时间极短,可用于超快物理过程和物质微观结构的探测.最近几年,研究人员发现激光和等离子体相互作用可以产生持续时间极短(阿秒)且相干性较好的高次谐波辐射,其波长可接近甚至达到水窗波段.然而,实验研究指出,理论上应出现的一些谐波在实验中并没有出现.本文针对超短超强激光与非理想条件下的等离子体光栅靶相互作用产生高次谐波的物理过程进行了理论分析和粒子模拟.研究结果表明,等离子体光栅的周期性结构对于高次谐波的频谱和辐射角分布存在显著调制效果.光栅靶表面粗糙度直接影响光栅的光学调制效果,改变高次谐波的频谱分布和辐射角分布.理想光栅条件下,满足光栅匹配条件的特定阶数谐波明显获得增强,且辐射张角集中在平行靶面的方向.靶表面粗糙度的出现,导致光栅匹配条件失效,高次谐波能量向各阶分散且辐射张角逐渐偏离靶表面方向.研究结果较好地解释了实验中观测到的谐波频谱分布,为进一步的研究提供了一定参考.     

Influence of surface waves on plasma high-order harmonic generation

The influence of surface plasma waves on high-order harmonic generation from the interaction of intense lasers with overdense plasma is analyzed. It is shown that the surface waves lead to the emission of harmonics away from the optical axis, whereas the high-order on-axis harmonics are lowered in intensity. Our simulation results indicate that surface plasma wave generation plays a crucial role in surface high-order harmonic generation experiments. Furthermore, a novel surface plasma wave generation process different from the well-known two-surface wave decay is observed in the highly relativistic regime.     

Spectrally resolved maker fringes in high-order harmonic generation

We investigate macroscopic interference effects in high-order harmonic generation using a Ti:sapphire laser operating at a 100 kHz repetition rate. The structure and behavior of spectral and spatial interference fringes are explained and analytically described by transient phase matching of the long electron trajectory contribution. Time-frequency mapping due to the temporal chirp of the harmonic emission allows us to observe Maker fringes directly in the spectral domain.     

高次谐波辐射光子的能量-激光相位关系研究

原子在强激光电场中高次谐波辐射的理论与实验研究是当今科学前沿之一.利用量子力学理论和鞍点方法,细致地研究了高次谐波辐射光子的能量与激光相位的关系.对于时间宽度无限长激光,在一个激光周期内特定相位处产生的高阶辐射(X射线)有特定的能量.能量分布在7180°处成峰,有高斯形函数的对称形状.给出了这种分布的参数化公式.对于不同宽度的飞秒激光,能量分布的成峰位置、最大值和带宽等参数会发生变化.计算表明,三个振荡周期(半高宽)的飞秒激光,当载波-包络相位为175°和105°时,可以分别得到纯净的阿秒单脉冲和双脉 关键词： 超短脉冲激光 高次谐波产生 鞍点方法 能量相位关系     

Direct observation of laser filamentation in high-order harmonic generation

We investigate the spatial evolution of a laser pulse used to generate high-order harmonics (orders ranging from 45 to 91) in a semi-infinite helium-filled gas cell. The 5 mJ, 30 fs laser pulses experience elongated focusing with two distinct waists when focused with f/125 optics in 80 Torr of helium. Extended phase matching for the generation of harmonics occurs in the region between the double foci of the laser, where the laser beam changes from diverging to converging.