利用金属垫片做为电极在金刚石对顶砧上精确测量样品电导率的研究

利用传统的四电极方法在金刚石对顶砧（DAC）上进行原位的样品电导率测量时,如果金属垫片样品孔内壁不能完全绝缘,测量结果将会存在很大的误差.为避免该实验误差的产生,作者提出了用双电极模型进行电导率测量的方法,即在DAC砧面上制备一个圆形测量电极的同时,将金属垫片样品孔的内壁做为第二个测量电极,并利用有限差分方法对电导率进行计算.通过这种方式,由金属垫片不绝缘而产生很大测量误差的问题得以解决.实验结果表明测量相对误差被控制在7％以下.     

金属薄膜透射率的近似计算及其分析

从计算薄膜透射率的一般公式出发,对通常满足厚度远小于工作波长的金属薄膜的位相因子作e±δ进行了线性近似,从而得到适用不同情况的金属薄膜透射率的近似公式。分别计算了几种金属薄膜垂直入射下透射率随厚度及消光系数变化的曲线,也对非金属吸收膜进行了计算,并与精确公式的计算结果进行了比较。最后,对本公式及其结果进行了分析讨论。     

脉冲激光沉积制备YBa2Cu3O7-δ/Nb-doped SrTiO3双层结

超导体/半导体结(Superconductor/semiconductor p-n junction)在制备场效应管,晶体管方面具有巨大的潜力.本文通过脉冲激光沉积的方法,使用Nb掺杂的(100)方向SrTiO3作为薄膜衬底,沉积了厚度约为350nm c轴取向的YBa2Cu3O7-δ薄膜,从而得到YBa2Cu3O7-δ/Nb:SrTiO3双层结.R～T曲线,以及XRD曲线显示YBa2Cu3O7-δ薄膜具有良好的超导电性和晶体结构,在零磁场不同温度下测量得电流-电压曲线显示YBa2Cu3O7-δ/Nb:SrTiO3构成的超导体/半导体双层结在小于YBa2Cu3O7-δ临界转变温度Tc时具有p-n结整流特性,当大于YBa2Cu3O7-δ超导转变温度时,呈现出非典型肖特基结的特性.     

基于Fabry-Perot模型设计亚波长金属狭缝阵列光学异常透射折射率传感器

研究了在水溶液环境中亚波长金属狭缝阵列光学异常透射的折射率传感特性.采用严格的全矢量方法计算了狭缝阵列的透过率谱.建立了Fabry-Perot半解析模型,能够精确预言全矢量方法的计算结果.基于该模型给出的共振条件,提出并解释了当透射峰精确位于瑞利异常位置时,透射峰能达到最尖锐的状态,给出了设计狭缝阵列达到该状态的方法.设计得到的透过率谱峰值半高宽δλ可达0.01 nm,对应的溶液折射率测量不确定度δn_s达到2×10^-6RIU.系统地给出了阵列周期、狭缝宽度、入射角等参数对设计得到的传感灵敏度,δλ,δn_s,峰值透过率等的影响.     

非对称DBR-金属-DBR结构的光学Tamm态理论研究

作为一种特殊的金属表面态, 光学Tamm态 (OTS) 对光的控制和操作具有独到优势, 在新一代光子器件设计中备受青睐. 本文基于分布式Bragg反射镜(DBR)-金属-DBR(DMD)结构, 通过金属两侧 DBR中心频率的失配引入不对称机制, 设计和控制可见光区域OTS的产生; 通过分析反射谱及电场分布特性, 揭示了金属两侧OTS的相互作用及变化规律. 结果表明: DMD结构可支持两个不同本征波长OTS 存在, 失配量δ将影响两个OTS的强度及本征波长, 即随着δ变化OTS 出现上下两个分支; 同时, 入射光的偏振态、入射角等也对OTS的强度及本征波长具有明显影响. 关键词： 金属表面态 光学Tamm态 分布式Bragg反射镜     

温差条件下组合色散棱镜支撑结构的实验分析

介绍了超光谱成像仪采用的组合色散棱镜的支撑结构形式,讨论了温度变化对成像的影响。根据使用需求选择了支撑座的材料,模拟了5～10℃温差条件下棱镜组件的变形情况。利用有限元法解决材料线膨胀系数不同所引起的棱镜反射面变形,并分析了采用聚四氟乙烯垫片做温度补偿后垫片的厚度及接触面积对石英棱镜面型的影响。实验结果表明,在支撑座和棱镜之间增加聚四氟乙烯垫片后,石英棱镜的面型达到了λ/6的指标要求。本文提出的优化方法为组合色散棱镜支撑结构的设计提供了参考依据。     

氧非正分La0.9Ba0.1MnO3-δ/SrTiO3:Nb p-n异质结的整流特性研究

利用脉冲激光沉积技术在掺Nb的SrTiO3衬底上制备了氧非正分La0.9Ba0.1MnO3-δ/SrTiO3:Nb p-n异质结.在20-300 K这一较宽的温度范围内获得了光滑的整流曲线.整流实验表明:该p-n异质结的正向扩散电压V0随着温度升高在薄膜金属-绝缘转变温度附近出现极大值,表现出与氧正分La0.9Ba0.1MnO3-δ/SrTiO3:Nb p-n结截然不同的温度特性.结合薄膜的电阻-温度实验和能带计算结果,对这一奇异的现象进行了解释.     

氧非正分La0.9Ba0.1MnO3-δ/SrTiO3:Nb p-n异质结的整流特性研究

利用脉冲激光沉积技术在掺Nb的SrTiO₃衬底上制备了氧非正分La_0.9Ba_0.1MnO_3-δ/SrTiO₃:Nb p-n异质结.在20—300K这一较宽的温度范围内获得了光滑的整流曲线.整流实验表明：该p-n异质结的正向扩散电压V_D随着温度升高在薄膜金属—绝缘转变温度附近出现极大值,表现出与氧正分La_0.9Ba_{0. 关键词： 0.9}Ba_0.1MnO_3-δ薄膜')" href="#">La_0.9Ba_0.1MnO_3-δ薄膜 锰氧化物p-n结 整流性质     

飞秒瞬态反射谱研究YBa＿2Cu＿3O＿（7－δ）费密面变化与电声子耦合

利用飞秒脉冲激光与泵浦－探测技术测量了ＹＢａ＿２Ｃｕ＿３Ｏ＿（７－δ）（其中δ＝０．０，０．１，０．４，０．８）外延薄膜的瞬态反射率改变随时间变化曲线。由于氧含量的不同使得样品瞬态反射率改变随时间变化曲线有很大差异。瞬态反射率改变随时间变化的曲线符号变化可以理解为氧含量的变化改变了样品费密面附近的能带结构。对实验数据的拟合表明δ＝．４　的样品电声子耦合远弱于高Ｔ＿ｃδ＝０的样品。     

二维R-C60聚合物的核磁共振波谱研究

合成了二维rhombohedral(2D-R)相C60聚合物,对其固体核磁共振(NMR)波谱进行了详细的讨论. 13C固体核磁共振魔角谱(13C MAS NMR )上δ145附近的sp2杂化峰出现展宽并伴有边带,并且在δ72附近出现了一个相对较弱的新的峰.这表明通过[2+2]加环反应在邻近C60分子之间形成了sp3杂化共价键,使得C60分子球笼上出现了五个位置不等价的sp2杂化碳原子,导致位于δ145附近的sp2杂化峰展宽.利用拟合分峰的方法得出了这五个不等价的碳原子的峰的位置,分别位于δ134.6、δ139.6、δ145.1、δ147.9 以及δ149.1,这五个不等价的碳原子数目上的比例关系和核磁共振曲线的积分面积吻合.     

Simulation of x-ray transmission through an ellipsoidal capillary

This paper develops a simulation program for x-ray transmission in an ellipsoidal capillary based on a ray-tracing method.The influence of the parameters of ellipsoidal capillary and x-ray energy on transmission efficiency,full width at half maximum and power density gain of x-ray beams through an ellipsoidal capillary was analysed by this program.It shows that the particular rules of the ellipsoidal capillary x-ray lens are different from the polycapillary lens.Furthermore,this analysis method can be applied to the optimized design of ellipsoidal capillary.     

Ellipsoidal Thermal Concentrator and Cloak with Transformation Media

Thermal concentrators and cloaks with ellipsoidal shapes are designed by utilizing the transformation thermotics method and finite element simulations.The thermal conductivities for the concentrator and cloak are directly derive in Cartesian coordinates.The simulation results show that the ellipsoidal thermal concentrator can focus heat flux into a central region and that the ellipsoidal thermal cloak can guide heat flux around the cloaked region smoothly without disturbing the external temperature distribution and heat flux.The present method can be extended to design arbitrarily shaped thermal metadevices with novel properties.     

非共轴椭球面聚光阵列式高焦比太阳模拟器

为使太阳模拟器的接收靶得到高能流高均匀度光斑,需要对聚光系统进行优化设计。提出利用非共轴椭球面聚光镜优化光斑质量的方法,使光斑的能流分布均匀度有明显改善。利用蒙特-卡罗光线追迹方法,设计了聚集型高焦比太阳模拟器。在第二焦面处,80mm直径的接收靶面上可接收10kW的辐射光能,光斑对称性和均匀性好,系统的传递效率为23.81%,80mm直径靶面内的平均能流密度为2MW/m2,50mm直径靶面内平均能流密度达到3.64MW/m2,对应的理论色温超过2800K。采用非共轴椭球面聚光镜,成功研制了由电源控制系统、冷却系统、氙灯光源和聚光系统构成的太阳能模拟器。经实验测试,太阳模拟器的聚光光斑与光学仿真软件TracePro模拟光斑符合得很好。     

Ag/Si核壳结构纳米颗粒粒子系的吸收特性研究

当电子振动频率与入射光的频率相同时,部分金属纳米颗粒可以在其表面激发局部表面等离子共振效应(LSPR),该波长下颗粒的吸收增强。这种效应也被应用于增强拉曼光谱信号的强度。本文研究了以Ag为外壳材料、Si为内核的核壳结构纳米颗粒粒子系的吸收特性。采用时域有限差分方法求解了颗粒随机分布粒子系的吸收率,分析了颗粒体积分数、内核外壳尺寸、椭球化等因素对粒子系吸收特性的影响以及对吸收峰的调控作用。     

Design of a Common Ellipsoidal Mirror for the Focalization of Several Radioastronomic Bands: New Method and Application to Three Bands

The design of a common ellipsoidal mirror for the focalization of several radioastronomic bands, by means of a straightforward method, is presented. Three bands centered at 100, 80 and 45 GHz are chosen for the validation of the method. Quasi-optics theory is used to design an optical system that can focalize several bands with the minimum possible optic elements, and also to share the maximum of them. Lenses, mirrors, feeder dimensions and the distances among each component necessaries for the focalization in each band are calculated. The simultaneous design in several radioastronomic observation bands reduces the cost of manufacturing, the total number of optic elements and the density of optical elements on the receiver cabin.     

瞬态热量标定系统的太阳模拟器光学系统设计

设计了一种应用于瞬时热量标定系统的太阳模拟器光学系统,系统由短弧氙灯、椭球聚光镜和通道反射式积分器组成。介绍了椭球聚光镜的设计准则和限制要求,分析了积分器的工作原理和体均匀性,讨论了辐照面大小要求和安装空间的限制,最后,优化了系统设计并进行了仿真模拟。仿真结果表明,当选用近轴收大倍率为4．5、积分器管长为85mm时,若采用7000w氙灯,即能够获得3％的均匀性和4250食太阳常数的辐账“瞍;若采用5000W氙灯,则可在均匀性不变的情况下获得2980个太阳常数的辐照强度,两者均满足使用要求。     

Optimal design of resonant piezoelectric buzzer from a perspective of vibration-absorber theory

In this paper, an optimization technique is presented for the design of piezoelectric buzzers. This design technique aims at finding the optimal configuration of the coupled cavity and diaphragm structure to maximize the sound pressure output. Instead of measuring the material constants of the piezoelectric ceramic and the metal diaphragm, an "added-mass method" is developed to estimate the equivalent electromechanical parameters of the system on which an analogous circuit can be established. The electrical impedance and on-axis sound pressure level of the piezoelectric buzzer can be simulated by solving the loop equations of the electromechanoacoustical analogous circuit. An interesting finding of this research is that the nature of the piezoelectric buzzer bears remarkable resemblance to that in the dynamic vibration absorber theory. Much physical insight can be gained by exploiting this resemblance in search of the optimal configuration. According to the system characteristic equation, a design chart was devised to "lock" the critical frequency at which the system delivers the maximal output. On the basis of the analogous circuit and the vibration absorber theory, an optimal design was found with constrained optimization formalism. Experiments were conducted to justify the optimal design. The results showed that the performance was significantly improved using the optimal design over the original design. Design guidelines for the piezoelectric buzzers are summarized.     

Shape-based ultrasound tomography using a Born model with application to high intensity focused ultrasound therapy

A shaped-based ultrasound tomography method is proposed to reconstruct ellipsoidal objects using a linearized scattering model. The method is motivated by the desire to detect the presence of lesions created by high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) in applications of cancer therapy. The computational size and limited view nature of the relevant three-dimensional inverse problem renders impractical the use of traditional pixel-based reconstruction methods. However, by employing a shape-based parametrization it is only necessary to estimate a small number of unknowns describing the geometry of the lesion, in this paper assumed to be ellipsoidal. The details of the shape-based nonlinear inversion method are provided. Results obtained from a commercial ultrasound scanner and a tissue phantom containing a HIFU-like lesion demonstrate the feasibility of the approach where a 20 mm x 5 mm x 6 mm ellipsoidal inclusion was detected with an accuracy of around 5%.     

太阳模拟技术

概述了国内外太阳模拟技术的发展现状。提出了太阳模拟器设计的技术指标,讨论了太阳模拟器的光学系统设计思想。介绍了聚光系统、光学积分器、准直系统、滤光片光谱透过率的优化设计方案,通过复合高次非球面聚光系统和非共轴深椭球面反射镜的使用,提高了聚光镜对光源辐射通量的聚光效率,改善了第二焦面上的辐照分布。通过对光学积分器原理及像差分析,给出了有效的优化设计经验公式。最后,对研制过程中遇到的问题进行了归纳总结,并提出了改进思路。