不同方法合成的沸石咪唑酯骨架结构材料(ZIF-8)的表征和催化性能

以二甲基咪唑为有机连接体和以Zn(OH)2或Zn(NO3)2·6H2O为Zn源,在甲醇与氨水的混合溶液、甲醇和DMF 3种不同的合成体系中合成了沸石咪唑酯骨架结构材料ZIF-8(分别记为ZIF-8(NH4OH)、ZIF-8(MeOH)和ZIF-8(DMF),并采用XRD、FTIR、N2吸附、SEM、TPD及Knoevenagel缩合反应等手段对所合成材料进行了表征。结果表明,采用这3种不同的合成方法均可成功制备出ZIF-8,所合成的ZIF-8的形貌基本一致,但其晶粒大小和酸碱性能有较大区别,同ZIF-8(NH4OH)和ZIF-8(DMF)相比,ZIF-8(MeOH)晶粒分布集中、平均粒径较小且具有较大的外比表面积和较多的酸碱位。不同方法合成的ZIF-8在苯甲醛和丙二腈的Knoevenagel缩合反应中的催化性能有很大差异,ZIF-8(MeOH)催化活性明显高于ZIF-8(DMF)和ZIF-8(NH4OH),其较高的催化活性,同其较大的外比表面积和酸碱性能密切相关。     

沸石咪唑酯骨架结构材料ZIF-8催化Friedel-Crafts酰基化反应(英文)

A zeolite imidazolate framework,ZIF-8,was synthesized and characterized by dynamic laser light scattering,X-ray powder diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,thermogr...     

氨基化磁性Fe3O4@Cu3(BTC)2材料的合成及其在Knoevenagel缩合中的催化性能

金属有机骨架材料具有大比表面积、高孔隙率、热稳定性好、规整且可调控的孔结构、易于功能化的骨架金属离子和有机配体等优点,是制备多相催化剂的重要材料之一.虽然减小金属有机骨架材料等多孔材料的粒径可以提高反应物的传质效率,从而提高其催化活性;但是,纳米尺寸催化剂的分离和回收困难.将磁性纳米粒子和金属有机骨架材料结合制备具有核-壳结构的磁性金属有机骨架材料是解决上述问题的有效方法.此类材料兼具磁性材料和金属有机骨架材料的双重优势,既可以磁性分离,又具有金属有机骨架材料的催化活性.而且,厚度可控的壳层材料表现出与纳米催化剂相当甚至更好的催化活性.我们采用逐层自组装方法制备了核-壳结构的磁性Fe3O4@Cu3(BTC)2复合材料,并对材料进行氨基化修饰,制备了基于金属有机骨架材料的磁性多相碱催化剂.采用粉末X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、透射电镜(TEM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、氮气吸附等方法对材料的组成和结构进行了表征,并考察了材料在Knoevenagel缩合反应中的催化性能.首先采用粉末XRD表征材料的晶体结构.在复合材料Fe3O4@Cu3(BTC)2的XRD谱中,同时出现了Fe3O4和Cu3(BTC)2的特征衍射峰.采用氨基配体修饰后,材料的XRD谱没有明显变化,说明修饰后的材料保持了Fe3O4@Cu3(BTC)2的晶体结构.透射电镜结果表明,包裹25次得到的磁性复合材料Fe3O4@Cu3(BTC)2是以Fe3O4为核心,以Cu3(BTC)2为壳的核-壳结构,壳层厚度大约为200 nm.氨基修饰后,材料的透射电镜图相对修饰前无明显变化.扫描电镜结果表明,合成的Fe3O4为球形结构,粒径为100-600 nm.采用Cu3(BTC)2进行包裹后,在Fe3O4表面生长了由Cu3(BTC)2纳米颗粒组成的壳层.采用氨基配体修饰后,材料的形貌无明显改变.进一步采用氮气吸附表征材料的孔结构并测定材料的比表面积和孔体积.结果表明,由于大比表面的Cu3(BTC)2的引入,复合材料Fe3O4@Cu3(BTC)2的比表面积增大为462 m2/g,孔体积为0.38 cm3/g.氨基修饰后,材料的比表面积和孔体积都有较大程度的降低,说明配体分子占据了壳层材料Cu3(BTC)2中的纳米孔道.采用苯甲醛和氰基乙酸乙酯的Knoevenagel缩合反应作为模型,考察了材料的催化活性.研究发现,Fe3O4对此反应几乎没有活性,Fe3O4@Cu3(BTC)2给出了中等的催化活性.在材料上引入氨基后,由于氨基和Cu3(BTC)2上的Lewis酸性位点的协同效应,在很大程度了提高了材料的催化活性.溶剂效应实验结果表明,反应溶剂对材料的活性和选择性具有较大影响,极性或质子性溶剂有利于反应的进行.多相催化剂的循环稳定性是其重要评价指标之一.热过滤实验结果表明,滤液中无催化活性,反应中的催化活性来源于固体材料,此催化反应为多相催化.随后考察了材料的循环稳定性.虽然氨基化Fe3O4@Cu3(BTC)2材料在溶剂DMSO中表现出最高的催化活性,但XRD和电镜表征结果表明,材料在DMSO中结构遭到破坏,因此循环过程中催化剂的活性损失严重.然后考察了氨基化材料在乙醇中的循环稳定性,发现材料在乙醇中表现出较好的循环稳定性.通过简单磁性分离进行催化剂的分离和回收,催化剂循环使用3次而没有明显的活力损失.而且,XRD和电镜表征结果显示,催化剂的结构在反应过程中没有遭到明显破坏.     

沸石咪唑酯骨架结构材料ZIF-71用于低浓度生物基2，3-丁二醇/1，3-丙二醇的吸附分离性能

1,3-丙二醇是一种重要的化工原料,生物发酵法生产1,3-丙二醇往往会产生副产物2,3-丁二醇,限制了生物基1,3-丙二醇的进一步工业化应用。1,3-丙二醇与2,3-丁二醇亲水性强,导致其在低浓度发酵液中分离困难。基于2,3-丁二醇比1,3-丙二醇具有长的碳链和大的极化率,本文采用含有―Cl基团（憎水且具有大的极化率）的ZIF-71吸附分离水中低浓度的2,3-丁二醇/1,3-丙二醇。结果表明,ZIF-71对双组分2,3-丁二醇/1,3-丙二醇（50 g/L,50 g/L）中2,3-丁二醇的静态竞争吸附容量为123.6 mg/g,对2,3-丁二醇/1,3-丙二醇分离选择性高达7.6,分离效果优于沸石材料Beta。在3次循环吸附-解吸实验中ZIF-71依旧保持着稳定的结构和对2,3-丁二醇的选择性吸附能力。通过分子模拟,揭示了ZIF-71对1,3-丙二醇和2,3-丁二醇的吸附分离机制。ZIF-71与1,3-丙二醇之间主要通过弱的范德华力作用;而ZIF-71与2,3-丁二醇之间则是通过强的范德华力与弱的氢键协同作用,从而对2,3-丁二醇产生选择性吸附。可以看出, ZIFs材料有望成为选择性吸附分离低浓度副产物2,3-丁二醇的吸附剂,推动生物法制1,3-丙二醇的工业化发展。     

ZIF-8的合成、表征及正己烷吸附性能

以甲醇为溶剂,硝酸锌六水合物为锌源,2-甲基咪唑为有机配体,通过溶剂热法合成了金属有机骨架材料ZIF-8;采用X射线衍射(XRD)、氮气吸附、热重-差热分析(TG-DSC)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等方法对ZIF-8样品进行了表征;研究了正己烷在ZIF-8上的液相吸附动力学和动态选择性吸附性能.结果表明,合成的ZIF-8晶体具有方钠石结构,结晶度较高,孔结构主要为0.37~1.10 nm的微孔,BET比表面积为1836 m2/g,孔体积为0.65 cm~3/g.TG-DSC和高温原位XRD分析结果表明,合成的ZIF-8具有良好的热稳定性能.283~313 K时,正己烷在ZIF-8上液相吸附的扩散系数为(2.53~8.88)×10-12cm~2/s,扩散活化能为31.11 k J/mol;308 K时,ZIF-8对正己烷的动态饱和吸附量为187.3 mg/g,由吸附穿透曲线计算得出Thomas速率常数为2.17×10~(-3)m L·min~(-1)·mg~(-1).与5A分子筛相比,ZIF-8对正己烷的吸附容量高出约1倍,液相吸附表观扩散时间常数高出约70%.     

基于磁性金属有机骨架材料的多功能催化剂Fe_3O_4@IRMOF-3/Pd的制备及催化性能

采用逐层自组装方法制备了磁性Fe_3O_4@IRMOF-3复合材料,通过浸渍法将Pd纳米粒子负载到Fe3O4@IRMOF-3上,得到多功能催化剂Fe3O4@IRMOF-3/Pd.用粉末X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及原子吸收(AAS)等方法对材料的组成和结构进行了表征,并考察了催化剂在Knoevenagel缩合反应、Suzuki偶联反应和烯烃催化加氢反应中的催化性能.结果表明,磁性Fe3O4@IRMOF-3/Pd催化剂在Knoevenagel缩合反应和Suzuki偶联反应中均表现出较好的催化活性和一定的循环稳定性.在烯烃的催化加氢反应中,催化剂可以高效催化多种烯烃的加氢反应,并表现出对底物的尺寸选择性.在苯乙烯的催化加氢反应中,催化剂循环使用9次,转化率依然大于99%,并且催化剂结构没有明显变化.     

三维无机-有机杂化骨架微孔材料Cd(HBTC)(EG)·8(H2O)的合成与结构

由于无机-有机杂化微孔晶体材料在选择性催化、分子识别和可逆性主客体分子(离子)交换等方面存在潜在的应用前景,已经越来越引起人们的广泛注意.传统的沸石和分子筛微孔晶体材料以硅酸盐、硅铝酸盐、磷铝酸盐和无机金属磷酸盐为骨架,新型的无机-有机杂化微孔晶体材料用刚性和热稳定性较好的有机分子和金属离子作为结构单元.均苯三甲酸(H3BTC)是常用的含氧有机配.     

不同尺寸ZIF-8对U(VI)的吸附性能

以经典的金属有机骨架(MOFs)材料ZIF-8为吸附剂,研究尺寸效应对铀吸附性能的影响。 通过3种方法合成不同粒径的ZIF-8,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)、表面积与孔隙度分析仪等对其进行了表征,测试了相同条件下不同尺寸的ZIF-8对硝酸铀酰溶液中U(VI)吸附,分别对其吸附过程的动力学和吸附等温线进行了考察,并测试了材料的可重复利用性。 结果表明,成功制备了高结晶性、高纯度的ZIF-8,产物形貌呈菱形十二面体,颗粒均匀,粒径分别为约50 nm、150 nm及2 μm;3种ZIF-8具有单一均匀的微孔结构和与粒径高度相关的比表面积;不同尺寸的ZIF-8均能快速吸附溶液中的U(VI),在室温pH=3下,在70 min左右时即可吸附初始质量浓度为200 mg/L的U(VI)溶液中90%以上U(VI);其中较小尺寸(约50 nm)的ZIF-8吸附性能最好,单位质量ZIF-8吸附U(VI)的饱和吸附量达到520.26 mg/g;ZIF-8对U的吸附动力学上符合二级动力学方程,吸附等温线符合Langmuir模型,说明ZIF-8对U(VI)的捕获属于化学单层吸附;经过4个吸附-解吸循环后,3种尺寸的ZIF-8均依然保持了70%以上的去除率。     

基于沸石咪唑酯骨架-8的LiFePO_4改性

商业化LiFePO_4(LFP)正极材料的导电性一直是制约其性能提高的关键。为了提高LFP的性能,利用沸石咪唑酯骨架-8(ZIF-8)制备多孔碳材料(CZIF-8)改善商业化LFP正极材料的导电性,对比了两种改性LFP的方法:1)将退火的ZIF-8以物理混合的方法与LFP混合制得LFP/CZIF-8正极材料;2)ZIF-8在LFP表面原位生长后退火制得LFP@CZIF-8正极材料。X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、氮气吸脱附(BET)和拉曼光谱等测试证明,改性后的LFP仍具有橄榄石型结构,同时出现了具有介孔结构的石墨化碳材料的特征。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)测试证明LFP/CZIF-8样品中LFP与CZIF-8之间未形成链接结构,而在LFP@CZIF-8样品中二者形成了核壳结构。电化学阻抗测试(EIS)表明,改性后样品的离子传输阻抗明显减小,说明两种方法均提高了LFP的导电性。充放电循环测试表明,两种改性方法均能提高LFP的循环性能和库伦效率。不同的是,倍率性能测试表明,LFP/CZIF-8样品的高倍率性能比LFP@CZIF-8样品更有优势,在10.0 C电流倍率下能够达到57.8 m A·h/g。这一研究为商业化锂离子电池电极材料的改性提供了新的思路,并且通过方法优化为产业化做了铺垫。     

Pro-Apoptotic Effect of Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-8 (ZIF-8)-Loaded Dihydromyricetin on HepG2 Cells

Dihydromyricetin (DHM) has garnered attention due to its promising antitumor activity, but its low bioavailability restricts its clinical application. Thus, developing nano-drug delivery systems could enhance its antitumor activity. We prepared DHM@ZIF-8 nanoparticles using the zeolite imidazole framework-8 (ZIF-8) as a carrier loaded with dihydromyricetin. A series of characterizations were performed, including morphology, particle size, zeta potential, X-single crystal diffraction, ultraviolet spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET). The in vitro release characteristics of DHM@ZIF-8 under pH = 5.0 and pH = 7.4 were studied using membrane dialysis. The antitumor activity and pro-apoptotic mechanism of DHM@ZIF-8 were investigated through CCK-8 assay, reactive oxygen species (ROS), Annexin V/PI double-staining, transmission electron microscopy, and Western blot. The results depicted that DHM@ZIF-8 possessed a regular morphology with a particle size of 211.07 ± 9.65 nm (PDI: 0.19 ± 0.06) and a Zeta potential of −28.77 ± 0.67 mV. The 24 h drug releasing rate in PBS solution at pH = 7.4 was 32.08% and at pH = 5.0 was 85.52% in a simulated tumor micro acid environment. DHM@ZIF-8 could significantly enhance the killing effect on HepG2 cells compared to the prodrug. It can effectively remove ROS from the tumor cells, promote apoptosis, and significantly affect the expression of apoptosis-related proteins within tumor cells.     

Solvent-Free Synthesis of Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks and the Catalytic Properties of Their Carbon Materials

Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) are traditionally synthesized solvothermally by using cost- and waste-incurring organic solvents. Here, a direct synthesis method is reported for ZIF-8, ZIF-67, and their heterometallic versions from solid precursors only. This solvent-free crystallization method not only completely avoids organic solvents, but also provides an effective path for the synthesis of homogeneous mixed-metal ZIFs. Furthermore, under templating by NaCl/ZnCl₂ eutectic salt, carbonization of the ZIF materials gives rise to a series of N-containing high-surface-area carbon materials with impressive catalytic properties for the oxygen reduction reaction.     

超声-气相联合扩散法快速合成ZIF-8用于硝基芳香化合物炸药的传感

三维微孔沸石咪唑基骨架(ZIF-8)纳米晶通过超声-气相联合扩散法快速合成.对该纳米晶进行荧光研究表明,纳米晶对硝基芳香化合物炸药具有良好的荧光淬灭能力.通过建立的Stern-Volmer方程,在1×10-4～8×10-4 mol/L范围内,每种炸药的浓度与纳米晶的荧光淬灭程度呈线性关系.对于2,4,6-三硝基苯酚(T...     

Laccase Encapsulation in ZIF-8 Metal-Organic Framework Shows Stability Enhancement and Substrate Selectivity

CgL1 laccase from Corynebacterium glutamicum was encapsulated into the metal-organic framework (MOF) ZIF-8 which was synthesized in a rapid enzyme friendly aqueous synthesis, the fastest in situ encapsulation of laccases reported to date. The obtained enzyme/MOF, i. e. laccase@ZIF-8 composite showed enhanced thermal (up to 70 °C) and chemical (N,N-dimethylformamide) stability, resulting in a stable heterogenous catalyst, suitable for high temperature reactions in organic solvents. Furthermore, the defined structure of ZIF-8 produced a size selective substrate specificity, so that substrates larger than the pore size were not accepted. Thereby, 2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) was used to verify that the enzyme is immobilized inside the MOF versus the outside surface. The enzyme@MOF composite was analyzed by atomic absorption spectroscopy (ASS) to precisely determine the enzyme loading to 2.1 wt%.     

MOF-5负载Pd催化剂的制备及其催化性能初探

用水合肼还原Pd2+并将其负载在MOF-5上,制得了新型的Pd/MOF-5催化剂,采用XRD、氮吸附、SEM、TEM等多种手段对其进行了表征,催化剂的Pd纳米粒子尺寸在3~6nm之间。初步研究了该催化剂对催化卤代芳烃与芳基硼酸之间的Suzuki-Miyaura偶联反应的反应条件和催化性能,该催化体系具有反应条件温和、无需氮气保护和添加配体、产率优良等优点,催化剂循环利用5次仍然保持较高催化活性,平均产率超过90%。     

Biocatalysts Synthesized with Lipase from Pseudomonas cepacia on Glycol-Modified ZIF-8: Characterization and Utilization in the Synthesis of Green Biodiesel

This research presents results on the production of biodiesel from the transesterification of acylglycerides present in palm oil, using the biocatalysts ZIF-8-PCL and Gly@ZIF-8-PCL synthesized by immobilization of Pseudomonas Cepacia Lipase as catalytic materials and using pure ZIF-8 and Gly@ZIF-8 (modified ZIF-8) as supports. The Gly@ZIF-8 carbonaceous material was prepared by wet impregnation of ZIF-8 with ethylene glycol as the carbon source, and then thermally modified. The calcination conditions were 900 °C for two hours with a heating rate of 7 °C/min in an inert atmosphere. A textural characterization was performed, and results showed superficial changes of materials at the microporous and mesoporous levels for the Gly@ZIF-8 material. Both the starting materials and biocatalysts were characterized by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy. During the transesterification, using the two biocatalysts (ZIF-8-PCL and Gly@ZIF-8-PCL), two supernatant liquids were generated which were characterized by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The results show that the two routes of synthesis of supports from ZIF-8 will be configured as effective methods for the generation of effective biocatalysts for biodiesel production.     

A Sensitive and Selective Colorimetric Method Based on the Acetylcholinesterase-like Activity of Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-8 and Its Applications

In this study, a simple colorimetric method was established to detect copper ion (Cu²⁺), sulfathiazole (ST), and glucose based on the acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-like activity of zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8). The AChE-like activity of ZIF-8 can hydrolyze acetylthiocholine chloride (ATCh) to thiocholine (TCh), which will further react with 5,5′-dithiobis (2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) to generate 2-nitro-5-thiobenzoic acid (TNB) that has a maximum absorption peak at 405 nm. The effects of different reaction conditions (buffer pH, the volume of ZIF-8, reaction temperature and time, and ATCh concentration) were investigated. Under the optimized conditions, the value of the Michaelis-Menten constant (K_m) is measured to be 0.83 mM, which shows a high affinity toward the substrate (ATCh). Meanwhile, the ZIF-8 has good storage stability, which can maintain more than 80.0% of its initial activity after 30 days of storage at room temperature, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) of batch-to-batch (n = 3) is 5.1%. The linear dependences are obtained based on the AChE-like activity of ZIF-8 for the detection of Cu²⁺, ST, and glucose in the ranges of 0.021–1.34 and 5.38–689.66 µM, 43.10–517.24 µM, and 0.0054–1.40 mM, respectively. The limit of detections (LODs) are calculated to be 20.00 nM, 9.25 µM, and 5.24 µM, respectively. Moreover, the sample spiked recoveries of Cu²⁺ in lake water, ST in milk, and glucose in strawberry samples were measured, and the results are in the range of 98.4–115.4% with the RSD (n = 3) lower than 3.3%. In addition, the method shows high selectivity in the real sample analysis.     

Growth of ZIF-8 MOF Films with Tunable Porosity by using Poly (1-vinylimidazole) Brushes as 3D Primers

This work reports on a novel and versatile approach to control the structure of metal–organic framework (MOFs) films by using polymeric brushes as 3D primers, suitable for triggering heterogeneous MOF nucleation. As a proof-of-concept, this work explores the use of poly(1-vinylimidazole) brushes primer obtained via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) for the synthesis of Zn-based ZIF-8 MOF films. By modifying the grafting density of the brushes, smooth porous films were obtained featuring inherently hydrophobic microporosity arising from ZIF-8 structure, and an additional constructional interparticle mesoporosity, which can be employed for differential adsorption of targeted adsorbates. It was found that the grafting density modulates the constructional porosity of the films obtained; higher grafting densities result in more compact structures, while lower grafting density generates increasingly inhomogeneous films with a higher proportion of interparticle constructional porosity.