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1.
The manganates Sr4Mn3−xCrxO10 (x=0 and 0.2) have been synthesized by solid state reaction. Powder X-ray diffraction analysis shows orthorhombic symmetry with space group Cmca for both compounds. The magnetic susceptibility measurements show an antiferromagnetic transition at 192 and 176 K for x=0 and 0.2, respectively. The magnetic susceptibility data were estimated using a model based on spin exchange antiferromagnetic interactions in isolated (Mn4+) trimer; a paramagnetic contribution due to the chromium ions was added in the case of Cr-doped materials.  相似文献   

2.
Changes in the resistivity of Hg1?xMnxTe and Cd1?xMnxSe mixed crystals associated with paramagnetic resonance of the Mn2+ ions have been observed at liquid helium temperature in a strong magnetic field. The effect was recorded by monitoring the submillimeter radiation induced photoconductivity in a swept magnetic field. An increase in the resistivity associated with EPR of the Mn2+ ions is interpreted in terms of the spin- dependent scattering of electrons on magnetic impurities, the spins of which are selectively depolarised by means of paramagnetic resonance. Some additional effects influencing the experiments are also discussed.  相似文献   

3.
Data on the antiferromagnetic ordering in orthorhombic lithium manganite LiMnO2 are obtained from magnetic-susceptibility, calorimetry, and nuclear magnetic resonance studies. The minimal hysteresis and the absence of jumps in the temperature dependences of the sublattice magnetization M(T) and the magnetic susceptibility near T N indicate that the ordering occurs through a continuous second-order phase transition. Within the critical temperature range, the M(T?T N) variation is satisfactorily described by a power-law dependence with a critical exponent β = 0.25(4), which is substantially smaller than that predicted for 3D magnetic systems with isotropic Heisenberg exchange. The band structure of orthorhombic LiMnO2 is calculated using the LMTO-ASA method. Taking into account the spin states of manganese ions, an adequate pattern is obtained for the density-of-states distribution with an energy gap near the Fermi level (~0.7 eV), which is in agreement with the measured electrical parameters of lithium manganite. The calculations demonstrate that the exchange interactions between Mn3+ ions leading to antiferromagnetic ordering are significantly anisotropic. It is found that small paramagnetic regions persist in the manganite below the Néel temperature, and it is concluded that the reason for this is partial structural disordering of LiMnO2. As a result, a certain fraction of the manganese positions is occupied by lithium ions (LiMn) and vise versa (MnLi). These defects are not involved in the formation of the ordered magnetic structure and compose a paramagnetic fraction.  相似文献   

4.
The electron spin resonance has been measured for the first time both in the paramagnetic phase of the metallic GdB6 antiferromagnet (TN = 15.5K) and in the antiferromagnetic state (T < TN). In the paramagnetic phase below T* ~ 70 K, the material is found to exhibit a pronounced increase in the resonance linewidth and a shift in the g-factor, which is proportional to the linewidth Δg(T) ~ ΔH(T). Such behavior is not characteristic of antiferromagnetic metals and seems to be due to the effects related to displacements of Gd3+ ions from the centrosymmetric positions in the boron cage. The transition to the antiferromagnetic phase is accompanied by an abrupt change in the position of resonance (from μ0H0 ≈ 1.9 T to μ0H0 ≈ 3.9 T at ν = 60 GHz), after which a smooth evolution of the spectrum occurs, resulting eventually in the formation of the spectrum consisting of four resonance lines. The magnetic field dependence of the frequency of the resonant modes ω0(H0) obtained in the range of 28–69 GHz is well interpreted within the model of ESR in an antiferromagnet with the easy anisotropy axis ω/γ = (H 0 2 +2HAHE)1/2, where HE is the exchange field and HA is the anisotropy field. This provides an estimate for the anisotropy field, HA ≈ 800 Oe. This value can result from the dipole?dipole interaction related to the mutual displacement of Gd3+ ions, which occurs at the antiferromagnetic transition.  相似文献   

5.
Copper impurity trimers with antiferromagnetic coupling between Cu2+ ions are synthesized in BaF2 crystals. In some of the BaF2: Cu crystals thus prepared, the concentration of copper stable trimers turns out to be higher than that of copper dimers and copper single centers. The BaF2: Cu crystals are studied using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy at frequencies of 9.3, 23.0, and 37.0 GHz in the temperature range 4.2–77 K. It is found that the components of the effective tensor g for copper trimers depend strongly on the external magnetic field and temperature. A static model of the molecular structure of the copper trimer is proposed on the basis of the experimental data obtained.  相似文献   

6.
We have studied the magnetic cluster compound Nb6F15 which has an odd number of 15 valence electrons per (Nb6F12)3+ cluster core, as a function of temperature using nuclear magnetic resonance, magnetic susceptibility, electron magnetic resonance and neutron powder diffraction. Nuclear magnetic resonance of the 19F nuclei shows two lines corresponding to the apical Fa?a nucleus, and to the inner Fi nuclei. The temperature dependence of the signal from the Fi nuclei reveals an antiferromagnetic ordering at T < 5 K, with a hyperfine field of ~2 mT. Magnetic susceptibility exhibits a Curie–Weiss behavior with T N ~5 K, and μ eff ~1.57 μB close to the expected theoretical value for one unpaired electron (1.73 μB). Electron magnetic resonance linewidth shows a transition at 5 K. Upon cooling from 10 to 1.4 K, the neutron diffraction shows a decrease in the intensity of the low-angle diffuse scattering below Q ~0.27 Å?1. This decrease is consistent with emergence of magnetic order of large magnetic objects (clusters). This study shows that Nb6F15 is paramagnetic at RT and undergoes a transition to antiferromagnetic order at 5 K. This unique antiferromagnetic ordering results from the interaction between magnetic spins delocalized over each entire (Nb6F 12 i )3+ cluster core, rather than the common magnetic ordering.  相似文献   

7.
In FeCl2, at low temperature, the Fe2+ ions present an antiferromagnetic order characterised by an easy magnetization axis perpendicular to the ion-containing planes. There exists a value hs of a magnetic field parallel to the axis, which transforms the system from an antiferromagnetic order into a saturated paramagnetic order. There we present the variations of hs at 4·2°K as well as the deformations of the sample, when we impose upon it a strain parallel to the axis without allowing its lateral dilatation. These results, when added to those already obtained with χi in similar experiments enable us to determine the variations of the crystalline anisotropy and anti-ferromagnetic exchange (between Fe2+ ions belonging to two consecutive planes) in terms of the deformations. Our results concerning hs are different from the ones obtained when exerting a hydrostatic strain. We compare the two cases by using the relations between elastic constants of FeCl2 obtained at 300°K and recorded in the Appendix.  相似文献   

8.
Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and optical absorption spectral investigations have been carried out on Fe3+ ions doped sodium borophosphate glasses (NaH2PO4-B2O3-Fe2O3). The EPR spectra exhibit resonance signals with effective g values at g=2.02, g=4.2 and g=6.4. The resonance signal at g=4.2 is due to isolated Fe3+ ions in site with rhombic symmetry whereas the g=2.02 resonance is due to Fe3+ ions coupled by exchange interaction in a distorted octahedral environment. The EPR spectra at different temperatures (123-295 K) have also been studied. The intensity of the resonance signals decreases with increase in temperature whereas linewidth is found to be independent of temperature. The paramagnetic susceptibility (χ) was calculated from the EPR data at various temperatures and the Curie constant (C) and paramagnetic Curie temperature (θp) have been evaluated from the 1/χ versus T graph. The optical absorption spectrum exhibits bands characteristic of Fe3+ ions in octahedral symmetry. The crystal field parameter (Dq) and the Racah interelectronic repulsion parameters (B and C) have also been evaluated and discussed.  相似文献   

9.
The eigenstates of the antiferromagnetic spin cluster Fe6(tea)6 are studied by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy at 9.5 and 94 GHz in order to characterize the interactions which are important for the magnetic properties of the molecule. Experimental results could be obtained for the first excited spin states withS= 1, 2, 3 and 4. This enables a very accurate and detailed analysis of the intramolecular interactions. It turns out that the magnetic properties of Fe6(tea)6 are determined by the isotropic exchange (J/kB = ?31.5 K), the ligand-field interaction of the FeIII ions and the dipolar interaction. Other kinds of anisotropic interactions are of minor importance.  相似文献   

10.
Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) of the mixed fluorite crystals with the general formula (MeF2)1?x?y (REF3) x (RF3) y (Me = Ca, Sr, Ba; R = Y, La, Lu; RE—paramagnetic trivalent rare-earth ions) were studied comprehensively by different authors and several structural models of paramagnetic centers were considered. However, a lot of details of EPR spectra still remain unexplained. In this work some modifications of the simplest models are proposed which allow explaining adequately the variety of the tetragonal centers in crystals grown under the different conditions. The calculated from the proposed models components of g-factors for Ce3+, Nd3+, Sm3+, Er3+ ions are in a good agreement with the experimental values.  相似文献   

11.
The microstructure of Gd(NO3)3 aqueous solutions in the course of cooling at different rates is investigated using electron paramagnetic resonance. The local concentrations of Gd3+ ions in microregions are estimated, the concentration boundary at which the solution is completely vitrified throughout its volume is revealed, and the temperature of vitrification of liquid microregions (eutectic temperature) and the eutectic composition are determined. It is found that the adsorption of Gd3+ aqua ions on the capillary surface affects the crystallization of water and the process of concentration of the solute. It is demonstrated that the anomalous experimental dependence δH(C0), which is observed for vitrified water-glycerol solutions with a uniform distribution of paramagnetic centers over the sample, agrees well with the theoretical curve in the case when allowances are made not only for the dipole-dipole interactions but also for the inhomogeneous broadening of the EPR lines in the spectra with an incompletely resolved fine structure.  相似文献   

12.
A single-crystal TlGaSe2 doped by paramagnetic Fe ions has been studied at room temperature by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) technique. The fine structure of EPR spectra of paramagnetic Fe3+ ions was observed. The spectra were interpreted to correspond to the transitions among spin multiplet (S=5/2, L=0) of Fe3+ ion, which are splitted by the local ligand crystal field (CF) of orthorhombic symmetry. Four equivalent Fe3+ centers have been observed in the EPR spectra and the local symmetry of crystal field at the Fe3+ site and CF parameters were determined. Experimental results indicate that the Fe ions substitute Ga at the center of GaSe4 tetrahedrons, and the rhombic distortion of the CF is caused by the Tl ions located in the trigonal cavities between the tetrahedral complexes.  相似文献   

13.
In order to microscopically investigate the magnetic properties of both paramagnetic and antiferromagnetic phases in Mn3Si (T N?=?23 K), the 55Mn NMR has been carried out at temperatures between 2.2 K and 300 K. The temperature dependences of the spectrum, Knight shift (or resonance frequency shift) and spin-lattice relaxation time T 1 of 55Mn NMR have been measured. In the paramagnetic phase, only one resonance spectrum can be obtained. The observed spectrum is identified to be a signal corresponding to the Mn(II) site. In the antiferromagnetic phase, two different spectra corresponding to the Mn(I) and Mn(II) sites are found at the resonance frequencies of 145 and 6 MHz, respectively, by the zero field NMR at 4.2 K. From these results, the internal magnetic fields on the 55Mn(I) and 55Mn(II) nuclei are found to be 13.6 and 0.6 T, respectively. According to the NMR results, the helical structure in incommensurate Mn spin states is better explained compared with the transverse sinusoidal structure.  相似文献   

14.
The growth and magnetic properties of Tin Selenide (SnSe) doped with Eu2+ Sn1?xEuxSe (x=2.5%) were investigated. Q-band (34 GHz) electron paramagnetic resonance measurements show that the site symmetry of Eu2+ at 4.2 K is orthorhombic and the Landé factor was determined to be g=1.99±0.01. The exchange coupling between nearest-neighbor (NN) Eu2+ ions was estimated from magnetization and magnetic-susceptibility measurements using a model that takes into account the magnetic contributions of single ions, pairs and triplets. The exchange interaction between Eu2+ nearest neighbors was found to be antiferromagnetic with an estimated average value of Jp/kB=?0.18±0.03 K.  相似文献   

15.
We have searched, without success, for microwave-frequency magnetic resonance of Ru4+ and Ru5+ ions in a number of materials for which the Ru are in octahedral coordination with six oxygen. A number of ruthenates including RuO2, SrRuO3, Sr3Ru2O7, Ba3Ru2NiO9, Ba2GdRuO6, Sr2YRuO6, and Ba2YRuO6, which include paramagnetic, antiferromagnetic, and ferromagnetic spin configurations, have been examined. We present analysis which shows that the last material provides an optimized opportunity to detect antiferromagnetic Ru resonance for temperatures less than TN=39 K; none is detected for frequencies as high as 35 GHz in magnetic fields up to μoH=2 T. This result indicates that the antiferromagnetic magnon energy gap exceeds the energy associated with the signal frequency. SrRuO3 is a known ferromagnetic contaminant phase in the rutheno-cuprates. We report neutron diffraction measurements on SrRuO3, finding it to have an appreciable local moment at low temperatures, 1.25(0.1)μB; this moment vanishes near 165 K. We show that it also fails to exhibit ferromagnetic resonance, at least in the range 10-35 GHz. As a result of the diffraction and resonance studies, it is concluded that the reports of ferromagnetic resonance in superconducting rutheno-cuprates are actually due to antiferromagnetically ordered Cu in these materials, and the presence of even a few percent of SrRuO3 as a potential contaminant is of little importance.  相似文献   

16.
The contributions of Co2+ and Nb4+ ions to the high-frequency dynamic magnetic susceptibility of the Co2[Nb(CN)8] · 8H2O molecular magnet in the paramagnetic state at T > 12 K are separated. It is found that the ferromagnetic ordering, which leads to the reconstruction of the electron paramagnetic resonance spectrum into the ferromagnetic resonance spectrum, occurs at T < 12 K. The influence of zeolite water on the spectra of the paramagnetic and ferromagnetic resonances is found. Dehydration leads to a decrease in the time of the spin relaxation of the ferromagnetic system from 50 ps to 17 ps at T = 4 K and to the variation in the temperature dependences of the widths of the lines and g factors in the electron spin resonance spectra.  相似文献   

17.
The electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies of LiNbO3 single crystal doped with 1 wt% of Yb3+ are reported. To put the EPR results in perspective, a brief discussion of optical absorption spectroscopy investigations of LiNbO3:Yb3+ is provided. The temperature behavior of the EPR lines intensity and linewidth for LiNbO3:Yb3+ reveals antiferromagnetic coupling between Yb3+ ions. The deconvolution of the EPR lines indicates that EPR signals arise from both the isolated Yb3+ ions as well as the Yb3+-Yb3+ ion pairs; the latter signals dominate. Based on this indication, EPR spectra are interpreted using a spin Hamiltonian for the Yb3+ dissimilar ion pairs. The negative sign of the isotropic parameter J confirms the existence of the antiferromagnetic interactions within Yb3+-Yb3+ pairs. The value of J obtained based on the proposed pair model, assuming the dipole-dipole interactions, is used to identify the positions of the Yb3+-Yb3+ pairs in the unit cell. Our results suggest the evenYb3+-evenYb3+ pairs are located at the neighboring Li+ and Nb5+ positions, whereas the pair axis is not parallel to the optical c-axis. Some alternative explanations of the observed EPR spectra are also considered.  相似文献   

18.
Temperature dependence of the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra of binuclear Cu(II) complexes with amide-based cyclophanes, Cu2(bis-EDTAPDN), Cu2(bis-EDTANAP) and Cu2(bis-EDTABPE), in 60% methanol (pH ca. 10) has been studied at a frequency of 9.43 GHz in the temperature range of 77–4.2 K; the cyclophanes are macrocyclic compounds in which four amide bonds link two ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) units and two units of the aromatic diamine 1,4-phenylenediamine (DPN), 1,5-diaminonaphthalene (NAP) or bis(4-aminophenyl) ether (BPE). Exchange integrals found from the EPR measurements are ca. 70–105 cm?1, 22 cm?1 andJ ≤ 0, for Cu2(bis-EDTAPDN), Cu2(bis-EDTANAP) and Cu2(bis-EDTABPE), respectively; the sign ofJ is defined to be positive for antiferromagnetic interaction. The variation of exchange interactions in these compounds is related to the nature of the bridging organic groups.  相似文献   

19.
Be9 nuclear magnetic relaxation, magnetic susceptibilities and magnetic moments measurements of intermetallic compounds GdBe13, TbBe13 and DyBe13 have been performed. The relaxation rate is mainly due to a dipolar interaction between the nuclear moments and the paramagnetic ions moments. Antiferromagnetic ordering was observed for all compounds. Curie-Weiss behaviour was observed at high temperature. The effective moments are comparable to that expected from the three positive ions.  相似文献   

20.
The HS → LS spin crossover effect (high-spin → low-spin transition) induced by high pressure in the range 45–53 GPa is observed in trivalent Fe3+ ions in the paramagnetic phase of a Gd57Fe3(BO3)4 gadolinium iron borate crystal. This effect is studied in high-pressure diamond-anvil cells by two experimental methods using synchrotron radiation: nuclear resonant forward scattering (NFS) and Fe K β high-resolution x-ray emission spectroscopy (XES). The manifestation of the crossover in the paramagnetic phase, which has no order parameter to distinguish between the HS and LS states, correlates with the optical-gap jump and with the insulator-semiconductor transition in the crystal. Based on a theoretical many-electron model, an explanation of this effect at high pressures is proposed.  相似文献   

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