微波增强H3PW12O40／TiO2光催化降解染料和水杨酸的研究

以孔雀石绿为模型分子, 考察了微波无极灯的形状、微波功率和溶液初始浓度对光催化降解效果的影响. 并且在最佳微波反应条件下, 考察了通过溶胶-凝胶再结合程序升温水热法制备的复合材料H3PW12O40/TiO2对刚果红、酸性黑、酸性品红和水杨酸的光催化降解情况. 结果表明, 微波无极灯具有更好地增强H3PW12O40/TiO2光催化降解有机污染物的作用.     

Preparation and Photocatalytic Activity of Mesoporous TiO2 Photocatalyst Co‐doped with Fe and H3PW12O40

The mesoporous titanium dioxide (MTiO₂) photocatalysts co‐doped with Fe and H₃PW₁₂O₄₀ were synthesized by template method using tetrabutyl titanate (Ti(OC₄H₉)₄), Fe(NO₃)k₃9H₂Oand H₃PW₁₂O₄₀ as precursors and Pluronic P123 as template. The as‐prepared photocatalyst was characterized by N₂ adsorption‐desorption measurements, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and UV‐vis adsorption spectroscopy, and the photocatalytic activities of the prepared samples under UV and visible light were estimated by measuring the degradation rate of methyl blue (MB) (50 mg/L) in an aqueous solution. The characterizations indicated that the photocatalysts possessed a homogeneous pore diameter of ca. 10 nm with high surface area of ca. 150 m²/g. The results of MB photodecomposition showed that co‐doped mesoporous TiO₂ exhibited higher photocatalytic activities than un‐doped, single‐doped mesoporous TiO₂ under UV and visible light irradiation. It was shown that the co‐doped MTiO₂ could be activated by visible light and could thus be used as an effective catalyst in photo‐oxidation reactions. The synergistic effect of Fe and H₃PW₁₂O₄₀ co‐doping played an important role in improving the photocatalytic activity.     

Preparation and Photocatalytic Activity of Ce,H3PW12O40 co-doped TiO2 Hollow Fibers

A series of Ce, H3PW12O40 co-doped TiO2 hollow fibers photocatalysts have been prepared by sol-gel method using ammonium ceric nitrate, H3PW12O40 and tetrabutyltitanate as precursors and cotton fibers as template, followed by calcination at 500 ℃ in N2 atmosphere for 2 h. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption-desorption mea- surements, and UV-Vis spectroscopy are employed to characterize the morphology, crystal structure, surface structure, and optical absorption properties of the samples. The photo- catalytic performance of the samples has been studied by photodegradation phenol in water under UV and visible light irradiation. The results show that the TiO2 fiber materials have hollow structures, and the co-doped TiO2 hollow fibers exhibit higher photocatalytic activities for the degradation of phenol than un-doped, single-doped TiO2 hollow fibers under UV and visible light. In addition, the recyclability of co-doped TiO2 fibers is also confirmed that the TiO2 fiber retains ca. 90% of its activity after being used four times. It is shown that the co-doped TiO2 fibers can be activated by visible light and may be potentially applied to the treatment of water contaminated by organic pollutants. The synergistic effect of Ce and H3PW12O40 co-doping plays an important role in improving the photocatalytic activity.     

固载杂多酸盐催化合成苯甲酸正戊酯

首次报道了以固载杂多酸盐TiSiW12 O4 0 /TiO2 为多相催化剂 ,对以苯甲酸和正戊醇为原料合成苯甲酸正戊酯的反应条件进行了研究 .实验表明 :TiSiW12 O4 0 /TiO2 是合成苯甲酸正戊酯的良好催化剂 .最佳反应条件为 :醇酸物质量比为 4∶1,催化剂用量为反应物料总量的 1.5 % ,反应时间为 2 .5h .上述条件下 ,苯甲酸正戊酯的产率可达 96 .7% .     

磷钨酸钾模板法制备高活性二氧化钛空心微球

TiO2空心微球因具有低密度、高活性、易分离而有利于多次重复使用的优点而广受关注.本文介绍一种无氟制备TiO2空心微球的简单方法——磷钨酸钾(K3PW12O40)模板法.首先,将H3PW12O40和KCl溶液混匀,得到白色牛奶状的K3PW12O40模板(式(1)),然后在磁力搅拌下加入一定量的Ti(SO4)2粉末,加热至大约125oC开始回流.回流8 h后,过滤洗涤.滤饼分散在强NaOH溶液中,原位除去K3PW12O40模板(式(2)).最后,将催化剂洗涤到滤液为中性,干燥后即得到TiO2空心微球.3KCl + H3PW12O40= K3PW12O40ˉ+3HCl (1) K3PW12O40+24NaOH =12Na2WO4+ K3PO4+12 H2O (2) Ti(SO4)2+2H2O = TiO2+2H2SO4(3)我们将所制备的TiO2空心微球,采用X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、傅立叶红外光谱、固体粉末漫反射和X射线光电子能谱等进行了表征.采用紫外光催化降解阴离子染料(活性嫣红X3B)来评价催化剂的性能.实验结果显示：(1)所制TiO2空心微球直径在0.5–1.0μm;(2)磷钨酸钾模板剂充当晶核,有利于空心微球的晶化;(3)加入的高浓度硫酸钛,水解产生大量的硫酸,抑制硫酸钛水解,不利于TiO2空心微球的晶化(式(3));(4)催化剂的活性随着硫酸钛量的增加而先增后降.4 mmol硫酸钛用量的TiO2空心微球具有最高的光催化活性,是TiO2颗粒样品(无磷钨酸钾模板法制备)的2.1倍.用该方法制备的TiO2空心微球活性高可归因于以下主要原因：(1)TiO2空心微球独特的孔结构;(2)良好的晶化程度(TiO2样品晶化度越高,越有利于光生载流子的分离,抑制复合);(3)样品残余磷钨酸钾模板和TiO2之间存在光生电子转移,有利于空心微球TiO2活性的提高.该法具有操作简单、重复性好、易于批量制备的等优点,有望广泛应用于(光)催化、电化学、分离与纯化以及药物缓释等领域.     

Catalytic Oxidation of Dimethyl Ether to Dimethoxymethane over Cs Modified HaPW12O40/SiO2 Catalysts

The attractive utilization route for one-step catalytic oxidation of dimethyl ether to dimethoxymethane was successfully carried out over the H3PW12O40（40%）/SiO2 catalyst, modified by Cs, K, Ni, and V. The Cs modification of H3PW12O40（40%）/SiO2 gave the most promising result of 20% dimethyl ether conversion and 34.8% dimethoxymethane selectivity. Dimethoxymethane could be synthe- sized via methoxy groups decomposed from dimethyl ether through the synergistic effect between the acid sites and the redox sites of Cs modified H3PW12O40（40%）/SiO2.     

TiSiW12O40/TiO2催化合成己酸异戊酯

报道了以固载杂多酸盐TiSiW12O40/TiO4为多相催化剂，通过己酸和异戊醇反应合成了己酸异戊酯，探讨了TiSiW12O40/TiO4对酯化反应的催化活性，较系统地研究了醇酸摩尔比，催化剂用量，反应时间诸因素对收率的影响，实验表明：TiSiW12O40/TiO4是合成己酸异戊酯的良好催化剂，在n(醇）：n(酸）＝1．6：1，催化剂用量为反应物总质量的1．5％，反应时间45min，使用环己烷为带水剂的适宜条件下，己酸异戊酯的收率可达91．9％。     

TiSiW12O40/TiO2催化合成乙酸环己酯

以固载杂多酸TiSiWl2O40／TiO2催化乙酸和环己醇合成了乙酸环己酯。实验确定最佳反应条件为：n(乙酸)：n(环己醇)=1．0：1．1，TiSiW12O40／TiO2用量为乙酸质量的5％，反应时间1．5h，酯化率达95．5％。     

TiSiW12O40/TiO2催化合成丙酸乙酯

以自制的固载杂多酸(盐)TiSiW12O40／TiO2为复相催化剂，通过丙酸和无水乙醇反应合成了丙酸乙酯，探讨了诸因素对酯化率的影响，结果表明，在最佳反应条件下，收率可达78．1％。     

微波液相法一步合成H3PW12O40/Bi2WO6光催化剂及其脱氮性能

采用微波液相法一步合成了固载型H₃PW₁₂O₄₀/Bi₂WO₆光催化剂. 通过紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis)、 场发射扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、 表面积及孔隙度(BET)测定、 氨气程序升温脱附(NH₃-TPD)、 吡啶吸附红外光谱(Py-FTIR)和X射线衍射(XRD)对所合成催化剂的结构和性质进行了考察, 并以吡啶浓度为15 mg/g的模拟油对光催化剂的脱氮效果进行评价. 结果表明, 与传统浸渍固载法相比, 微波液相一步法不仅能高效合成H₃PW₁₂O₄₀/Bi₂WO₆光催化剂, 且所合成的催化剂能被低能量的光激发. 固载H₃PW₁₂O₄₀不但能提高Bi₂WO₆纳米颗粒的表面酸量, 还能通过改变Bi₂WO₆前驱液的酸强度来调控催化剂形貌. 在H₃PW₁₂O₄₀固载量为15%(质量分数), 微波功率为800 W, 反应时间为90 min条件下得到的H₃PW₁₂O₄₀/Bi₂WO₆的光催化脱氮活性最高, 在催化剂与模拟油质量比为1/300, 500 W氙灯光照60 min的最佳光催化反应条件下, 模拟油脱氮率达到92.63%.     

TiSiW12O40/TiO2催化合成丙酸异戊酯

丙酸异戊酯是一种具有菠萝或洋梨果香味的无色液体 ,可作食用香料及多种工业溶剂。传统工业采用浓硫酸催化丙酸和异戊醇合成丙酸异戊酯[1 ,2 ] ,但原料利用率及产率较低 ,环境污染严重。近年来 ,有关杂多酸及其盐类的催化作用的研究发展迅速[3～ 7] 。我们合成了杂多酸盐ＴｉＳｉＷ1 2 Ｏ40 /ＴｉＯ2 催化剂 ,研究其对丙酸异戊酯的催化合成反应 ,取得了较为满意的结果。1　实验1 1　仪器试剂ＰＫＷ 型电子节能控温仪 ;Ａｂｂｅ折光仪 ;ＩＭＰ41 0红外光谱仪 (ＫＢｒ压片 ,40 0～2 0 0 0ｃｍ- 1 ) ;Ｄ/ＭＡＸ ⅢＣ自动Ｘ射线衍射仪 (Ｃｕ靶 …     

TiSiW12O40／TiO2催化合成葡萄糖五丁酸酯的研究

首次报道了新型催化剂TiSiW12O40/TiO2催化酯化合成葡萄五丁酸酯,考察了糖酸比、催化剂用量、反应时间、反应温度诸因素对产率的影响。实验表明,TiSiW12O40/TiO2是合成葡萄糖五丁酸酯的良好催化剂。最佳反应条件为：糖酸摩尔比1：6,催化剂的用量为反应物料总量的2.0%,酯化反应时间为2.0h,反应温度90-95℃。反应产率可达85.4%。     

Calcined ZnTi-Layered Double Hydroxide Intercalated with H3PW12O40 with Efficiently Photocatalytic and Adsorption Performances

Wastewater treatment is of great significance to environmental remediation. The exploration of efficient and stable methods for wastewater treatment is still a challenging issue. Herein, a heterojunction material with photocatalysis and adsorption properties has been designed to remove the complex pollutants from wastewater. The heterojunction material (ZnO/TiO₂−PW₁₂, PW₁₂=[PW₁₂O₄₀]³⁻) was synthesized by calcining the ZnTi−layered double hydroxide (ZnTi-LDH) intercalated with the Keggin-type polyoxometalate H₃PW₁₂O₄₀. In the construction of ZnO/TiO₂−PW₁₂ it was found that the polyanionic PW₁₂ remained unchanged in the process of forming the proposed heterojunction. The photochemical properties verify that heterojunction synergistic with PW₁₂ facilitated the separation of photoproduced electron-hole pairs and thus suppressed the recombination. Therefore, ZnO/TiO₂−PW₁₂ exhibits excellent photocatalytic property, and the efficiency of Cr(VI) photoreduction reached more than 90 % in the first 3 min. Furthermore, the electrostatic force between the PW₁₂ and cationic dyes makes ZnO/TiO₂−PW₁₂ having an outstanding adsorption performance for cationic dyes, such as rhodamine B, crystal violet and methyl blue. Such heterojunction material combined with polyoxometalate puts forward new insights for the design of functional materials for water treatment with low cost and high efficiency.     

Synthesis of 4-Methyl-2-Isopropyl- 1,3 -Dioxolane by TiSiW12O40/ TiO2 as Catalyst

Acetals and ketals are a kind of the important compounds and used to protect carbonyl,middle material of the organic synthesis. What's more, they are a sort of the widely use flavor substance. 4-Methyl-2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxolane has fresh fruit odor and apple note. It is used to producing many sorts of essence. And the conventional method to synthesize 4-methyl-2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxolane makes use of sulfuric acid as catalyst in factories. But it causes many problems, such as the erosion of production equipment, difficulty after-treatment, low quality of the products, etc. HPA and its salts shows excellent catalytic activity to the esterification and have recently attracted much attention as catalysts for various industrial processes, because their acidic and redox properties can be controlled at atomic/molecular levels. Misono, Pope [1], and Wang [2]have reviewed the homogeneous catalysis and fine organic synthesis catalyzed by heteropoly compounds. However, there is no report on the synthesis of 4-methyl-2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxolane catalyzed by TiSiW12O40/TiO2. TiSiW12O40/TiO2 was prepared according to reference [3] and identified by means of IR and XRD. The reaction was carried out in a three-neck flask equipped with a stirrer, a reflux condenser, and a thermometer. A certain amounts of isobutyraldehyde,1,2-propanediol and the catalyst was heated to boiling and refluxed until no water flowed off. The purified product was analyzed by IR spectra and 1HNMR.In this paper, we report 4-methyl-2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxolane was synthesized from isobutyraldehyde and 1,2-propanediol in the presence of TiSiW12O40/TiO2. The factors influencing the yield of product and the optimum reaction conditions were discussed. The optimum conditions are molar ratio of isobutyraldehyde to 1,2-propanediol was 1:1.5, the quantity of catalyst was equal to 0.5% feed stock, and the reaction time was 1.0 h. TiSiW12O40/TiO2 was an excellent catalyst to synthesize 4-methyl-2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxolane and the yield can be up to 92.1%. IR spectra of 4-methyl-2-isopropyl- 1,3-dioxolane shows peaks at 1191,1100,1022,950 cm-1; 1HNMR (δH, ppm):4.65-4.67 (d, 1H, CH), 4.02-4.20 (m, 1H, CH), 3.81-3.92 (d, 1H, CH), 3.35-3.43 (t, 1H, CH),1.61～1.85 (m, 1H, CH), 1.14-1.29 (d, 3H, CH3), 0.96 (m, 6H, CH3); nD20=1.4135; b.p. 127-130 ℃.And we found that the catalyst can be utilized repeatedly, moreover, the catalytic activities of the catalyst are almost unchanged after it has been used five times. From the above results and discussion, we can see that the synthesis of 4-methyl-2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxolane catalyzed by TiSiW12O40/TiO2 instead of sulfuric acid has a great prospect of application.     

H_3PW_(12)O_(40)掺杂TiO_2介孔材料的制备及光催化性能

以P123为模板剂,采用溶胶-凝胶的溶剂热合成方法制备了H3PW12O40掺杂TiO2介孔材料H3PW12O40/TiO2.利用紫外可见漫反射吸收光谱(UV-vis/DRS)、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、N2吸附和透射电子显微镜(TEM)手段对所制备的材料进行结构表征,罗丹明B(RB)为模型污染物评价其光催化性能.结果表明,所制备的介孔材料具有锐钛矿与板钛矿复合的晶型结构、大的BET比表面积和孔径均匀分布的介孔结构.光催化实验表明,H3PW12O40/TiO2可将罗丹明B完全矿化.     

MoO3/TiO2 和WO3/TiO2 光催化分子氧氧化甲烷的活性

以Ｓｏｌ－Ｇｅｌ法制备的、表面积和孔径相近的含水ＭｏＯ３／ＴｉＯ２、ＷＯ３／ＴｉＯ２为催化剂,光催化分子氧氧化甲烷,初步研究表明,催化剂的活性高于ＴｉＯ２,且有少量的甲醇生成。     

TiSiW12O40／TiO2催化合成苯甲酸酯

首次报道了以固载杂多酸盐TiSiW12O40/TiO2为催化剂,对以丙醇、丁醇、正戊醇、异戊醇和苯甲酸为原料,合成相应苯甲酸酸的反应条件进行了研究。实验表明,TiSiW12O40/TiO2是合成苯甲酸酯的良好催化剂,最佳反应条件为：醇酸摩尔比为4：1,催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的1.5%,反应时间为2.5h。在此条件下,苯甲酸丙酯及苯甲酸正丁酯的产率分别为70.5%及75.6%,苯甲酸戊酯和苯甲酸异戊酯的产率分别达96.7%和83.3%。     

三维有序大孔H3PW12O40-SiO2功能材料的制备、表征及催化性能研究

以杂多酸 H₃PW₁₂O₄₀ (PW₁₂)与正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)混合溶胶, 采用胶晶模板法结合煅烧去除模板工艺, 成功地制备了PW₁₂/SiO₂物质的量比在1/10～1/40之间的三维有序大孔(3DOM) PW₁₂-SiO₂催化剂. 经SEM, N₂吸附, XRD和FTIR等研究表明, PW₁₂含量较低的样品, 大孔结构三维规整性十分好. 在410 ℃氧化分解胶晶的条件下, PW₁₂基本保持一级Keggin结构. PW₁₂在样品中以分子簇或微晶存在, 其大小随含量增加而增大. PW₁₂高含量时, 其含氧键的FTIR振动与纯PW₁₂的基本一致, 但低含量时含氧键振动有一定偏移, 显示PW₁₂/SiO₂相互作用较显著. 样品酸性随杂多酸含量增加而增加, 但PW₁₂/SiO₂物质的量比超过1/30时酸性便减小, 呈火山型曲线变化规律. 对1-十二烯烷基化反应的催化活性随PW₁₂/SiO₂物质的量比的变化与酸性变化有相同的规律. 但所有样品的催化反应活性均远高于纯PW₁₂, 并且有良好的重复使用性能, 使用4次后仍保持新鲜催化剂活性的78%.     

TiO2／Al2O3负载量对气相酯交换合成碳酸甲丙酯的影响

采用XRD、N2 physical adsorption、XPS、NH3-TPD和吡啶吸附IR等技术,对碳酸二甲酯和丙醇气固相合成碳酸甲丙酯的TiO2/Al2O3催化剂进行了表征.实验结果表明,TiO2/Al2O3表面的Lewis酸中心是反应的催化活性位,酸性主要来源于Al2O3,TiO2起修饰作用,有利于选择性生成碳酸甲丙酯.随着Ti负载量的增加,TiO2在Al2O3表面由高度分散状态向晶态转变,其比表面积逐渐降低,但是TiO2/Al2O3的表面酸性质没有受到显著影响,L酸量先是增加,而后略有下降.当Ti负载量为5%时,DMC的转化率及MPC的选择性分别达到54.3%和88.1%.     

H3PW12O40/SiO2: An Eco‐Friendly Alternative for the Stereo‐, Regio‐ and Chemoselective Claisen‐Schmidt Condensation

H₃PW₁₂O₄₀/SiO₂ or (PW/SiO₂) promotes the regio‐, stereo‐ and chemoselective Claisen‐Schmidt condensation with improved yields.