纳米SnO2增敏鲁米诺化学发光的研究与应用

采用溶胶-凝胶法制得平均粒径约10 nm的SnO2粒子.将该纳米SnO2粒子加入碱性鲁米诺-O2化学发光体系,体系的化学发光强度明显增强,这种增敏作用与纳米SnO2的加入量以及体系中溶解氧的质量浓度有关,基于此得出了纳米SnO2存在下溶解氧质量浓度与鲁米诺化学发光强度之间的线性关系,可用于溶解氧测定,检出限达0.3 mg/L,该纳米增敏化学发光体系有望用于进一步提高基于鲁米诺化学发光测定方法的灵敏度.文中还应用紫外-可见光谱和荧光光谱研究了这种增敏作用的机理,并应用该体系考察了水果的抗氧化能力.     

激光法连续制备纳米FeNi合金及其乙醇溶胶研究

采用脉冲激光轰击浸于流动乙醇中转动的FeNi合金固体靶连续制备得到纳米FeNi乙醇溶胶及其纳米合金. 能谱扫描测得纳米FeNi合金粒子Fe与Ni元素重量比约为66︰34; TEM观察纳米FeNi粒子初始粒径约为1~5 nm, 并随放置时间延长聚集长大; XRD显示纳米FeNi合金基本为非晶态; 荧光光谱发现纳米FeNi合金溶胶在311.00 nm处有一强的激发峰以及在273.00和347.00 nm处的二个弱激发峰, 以311.00 nm作为激发波长得到位于418.00 nm处的一强荧光光谱峰; UV-vis表明纳米FeNi合金溶胶在230.00 nm左右有一个含有一组可分辨的9个细峰的强吸收峰和一个位于275.00 nm处的弱激子吸收峰; FT-IR发现纳米FeNi/乙醇溶胶中乙醇缔合态羟基的伸缩振动吸收峰(υ_O-H)明显蓝移, 并且证实获得的纳米FeNi合金粒子表面在制备过程中为乙醇裂解产生的碳氢有机基团所修饰.     

铁氰化钾-鲁米诺化学发光体系测定盐酸异丙嗪和盐酸氯丙嗪

1　引　　言目前所用的化学发光法测定吩噻嗪类药物的方法有Ｌｕ Ｈ2 Ｏ2 Ｃｒ(ＩＩＩ)体系 ,过氧草酸脂 (ＴＣＰＯ) Ｈ2 Ｏ2 体系 ,Ｒｕ(ｂｐｙ) 2 +3电化学发光体系及Ｃｅ(ＩＶ)体系。Ｋ3Ｆｅ(ＣＮ) 6 Ｌｕ体系测定这类药物至今尚未见报道。我们的实验发现 ,在强碱性条件下 ,两个吩噻嗪类药物盐酸异丙嗪和盐酸氯丙嗪对Ｋ3Ｆｅ(ＣＮ) 6 Ｌｕ体系的发光有强烈的增强作用 ,化学发光强度在一定的范围内与上述药物浓度成正比 ,方法具有很高的灵敏度。将方法用于两个吩噻嗪类药物片剂的测定 ,结果满意。2　实验部分2 1　仪器与试剂　ＧＤ 1…     

调控供电子策略简易制备近红外二区有机小分子光学诊疗试剂

有机小分子凭借着明确的化学结构、出色的生物相容性、优异的可重复性等诸多优势被广泛应用于光学诊疗领域. 然而, 目前报道的有机小分子存在合成步骤复杂、成像波长位于近红外一区(NIR-I)、光热转换效率及单线态氧产率低等缺陷, 严重限制了其诊疗效果. 基于此, 本工作以吡咯并吡咯二酮作为缺电子单元、分别以苯、苯胺、邻苯二胺作为供电子单元, 通过一步偶联反应简易制备得到三种有机小分子DPP-0、DPP-2、DPP-4, 进一步利用纳米沉淀法制备得到对应的水溶性纳米粒子DPP-0 NPs、DPP-2 NPs和DPP-4 NPs. 研究发现, 随着氨基数量的增加, 纳米粒子吸收/发射均发生了红移, 其中DPP-4 NPs具有良好的NIR-I吸收能力且其最大荧光发射达到了近红外二区(NIR-II)区域, 表明可以通过改变供电子单元策略实现光学性能的调控. 在单一激光照射下, DPP-4 NPs可以同时产生NIR-II荧光信号、过高热及单线态氧, 其光热转换效率和单线态氧产率分别高达40.2%及34.3%, 可成功应用于肿瘤深层次NIR-II荧光成像诊断及高效光热/光动力联合治疗.     

空心ZnMn2O4纳米球和纳米立方体的室温合成及氧还原催化性能

室温条件下,在含有Zn2+的溶液中,以空心结构的MnO2作为前驱体,使用NaBH4作为还原剂,合成了尖晶石型的ZnMn2O4纳米空心球和纳米空心立方体. 通过XRD,SEM,TEM,BET等测试手段对合成产物的结构、形貌、组成、表面性质进行了表征. 实验结果表明,所制备的空心结构ZnMn2O4纳米球和纳米立方体的尺寸在400?600 nm, 空心结构的壳层是由5?6 nm颗粒紧密堆积而形成,厚度约为40 nm. 将所制备的纳米ZnMn2O4空心结构应用于氧还原（ORR）反应中,研究了其在碱性溶液中的氧还原电催化性能,结果显示,相对于ZnMn2O4纳米空心立方体,ZnMn2O4纳米空心球在氧还原反应中表现出较大的电流密度和高的电子转移数 (n=3.5), 具有较好的氧还原电催化性能,有望成为一种新型的氧还原电极电催化剂.     

吩噻嗪-荧光蛋白生色团类似物的合成、S原子促进的光动力治疗及双光子荧光成像

绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)生色团由于良好的生物相容性、低暗毒性和光稳定性而备受关注,然而,将GFP生色团用于光动力治疗鲜有报道.以N-丁基吩噻嗪-3-甲醛、甘氨酸叔丁酯盐酸盐和亚胺酯为原料,通过[2+3]环加成反应合成了一种吩噻嗪荧光蛋白生色团类新型光敏剂(Ptz-FP), Ptz-FP是一种不含重原子、由S原子促进的具有优异单线态氧产生效果的光敏剂,可用于光动力治疗.在二甲基亚砜(DMSO)溶液中,Ptz-FP光敏剂的吸收波长位于436nm,此处的摩尔消光系数为1.4×104 L·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1),发射波长在626 nm, Stokes位移高达190 nm,荧光量子产率为1.5%.以Ru(bpy)3Cl2为参比,测得光敏剂Ptz-FP在甲醇溶液中单线态氧产率为33.1%.通过噻唑蓝(MTT)法测试了光敏剂Ptz-FP的暗毒性和光毒性,结果表明其具有较低的细胞毒性(≥89.9%)和较高的光毒性,能在30 min内杀死50%以上的A-549细胞.此外,通过活性氧检测试剂盒DCFH-DA在15 min内成功检测到A-549细胞中活性氧的产生,并由AO/EB活死细胞染色剂监测到A-549细胞凋亡过程.最后,光敏剂Ptz-FP成功应用于双光子荧光成像.光敏剂Ptz-FP有望为今后荧光成像指导的荧光蛋白生色团类光敏剂的开发奠定基础.     

纳米银催化的鲁米诺化学发光体系测定呋喃硫胺的研究

基于纳米银能够增强鲁米诺-H2O2-呋喃硫胺体系化学发光的现象,建立了测定呋喃硫胺的流动注射化学发光新方法.对体系的化学发光机理进行了初步探讨,发现该体系的化学发光光谱的最大发射波长为425nm,该体系的发光体为激发态的3-氨基邻苯二甲酸根离子.该方法测定呋喃硫胺的线性范围为1.0×10-8～1.0×10-5g/mL,检出限4×10-9g/mL,对1.0×10-6g/mL呋喃硫胺连续9次测定的相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.9％.方法已用于药物呋喃硫胺片中呋喃硫胺的测定.     

聚吡咯包裹WO3-x纳米粒子的制备及光动力光热和杀菌性能

利用氯化钨和吡咯等原料通过溶剂热法和原位还原制备了聚吡咯包裹的WO_3-x纳米粒子。用扫描电镜和红外光谱表征了复合材料,通过单线态氧生成能力、光热测试和体外杀菌实验,对比了聚吡咯包裹前后WO_3-x纳米粒子的光动力光热和杀菌性能。结果表明,得到的聚吡咯包裹的WO_3-x纳米粒子复合材料在808 nm照射下具有较好的单线态氧生成能力及光热性能。体外杀菌实验证明了其对革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌具有优秀的杀菌性能,对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的杀菌率分别为99.89%和99.71%。     

La1-xCaxMnO3纳米颗粒的制备及氧还原催化性能

本文采用溶胶凝胶法制备了一系列不同Ca含量的钙钛矿型氧化物La1-xCaxMnO3(x=0~0.4)纳米颗粒,X射线粉末衍射及精修、扫描电镜表征显示其相纯度和结晶度高,颗粒平均粒径约40 nm。在0.1 mol.L-1KOH水溶液中进行的氧还原电催化性能测试显示,La0.7Ca0.3MnO3样品催化活性最高,表观电子转移数接近4,还原电流密度与Pt/C催化剂相当,而催化稳定性优于Pt/C。进一步研究了La1-xCaxMnO3样品中Mn价态、晶胞参数的改变对氧还原催化活性的影响,结果表明当x=0.3时,催化剂中Mn处于混合价态,Mn-O键长适中,最有利于电催化反应。     

过氧化氢激活型近红外氟硼二吡咯光敏剂的设计、合成及光动力治疗研究

基于传统的氟硼二吡咯(BODIPY)荧光染料,设计合成了一种过氧化氢(H₂O₂)激活型近红外光敏剂中位-N-(4-硼酸苄基)吡啶鎓盐取代的碘化双苯乙烯基氟硼二吡咯(FP-IBDP). FP-IBDP在乙腈中的吸收和发射波长均达到近红外区,最大吸收和发射波长分别为681 nm和740 nm,对应的荧光量子效率和单线态氧效率分别为0.01和0.09.在被H₂O₂激活后, FP-IBDP转变为IBDP,其在乙腈中的最大吸收和发射波长分别为661 nm和701 nm.与FP-IBDP相比, IBDP的荧光量子效率和单线态氧效率大幅提升,分别达到0.11和0.48.细胞水平的荧光影像实验表明FP-IBDP对癌细胞内的H₂O₂具有灵敏的响应,并能通过明显的荧光增强变化实现癌细胞与正常细胞的有效区分.活性氧检测实验证明FP-IBDP能够被癌细胞内过表达的H₂O₂激活,并能在660nm光照射下在癌细胞内产生单线态氧.噻唑蓝(MT...     

Chemiluminescence behavior of sodium hydrogen carbonate in the potassium permanganate-hydrogen peroxide reaction

Chemiluminescence (CL) phenomenon of hydrogen peroxide with potassium permanganate in the presence of sodium hydrogen carbonate was reported. Effects of the surfactant on the CL system were investigated. Nonionic surfactants could effectively increase the CL signal. Radical scavengers and organic reagents such as nitro blue tetrazolium chloride (NBT), cytochrome c, sodium azide, ascorbic acid, thiourea, tert-butanol and dimethyl sulphoxide were used to study the emitting species. CL emission spectrum was recorded and the results showed that the maximal emission wavelengths of NaHCO₃-H₂O₂-KMnO₄ system were 440 and 634 nm. The mechanism was discussed based on electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra, fluorescence spectra and UV-vis absorption spectra. The addition of rhodamine B or uranine into this CL system enhanced the CL signal. It was due to part of the energy transfer from singlet oxygen and excited triplet dimers of two CO₂ molecules to rhodamine B or uranine. The CL could be induced by excited rhodamine B or uranine.     

Fluorosurfactant-capped gold nanoparticles-enhanced chemiluminescence from hydrogen peroxide-hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide-bicarbonate in presence of cobalt(II)

Nonionic fluorosurfactant (FSN)-capped gold nanoparticles (GNPs) remain excellently stable at a wider pH range and high ionic strength, which is useful to investigate some CL systems involved in high salt and a strict pH range. In this study, we utilized FSN-capped GNPs of different sizes to distinguish the emitting species from H2O2-Co2+-NaOH and H2O2-Co2+-NaHCO3 systems. When the pH of FSN-capped gold colloidal solution was adjusted to 10.2 by dropwise addition of 0.05 M NaOH, the CL intensity of H2O2-Co2+-NaHCO3 system was enhanced 6-fold or 60-fold respectively in the presence of FSN-capped 14 nm or 69 nm GNPs with comparison to H2O2-Co2+-NaOH. The variation of CL spectra and UV-vis spectra, as well as the quenching effect of reactive oxygen species scavengers were studied in detail to understand the CL enhancement mechanisms of FSN-capped GNPs on the two systems. For H2O2-Co2+-NaOH system, the gold(I) complexes intermediate and singlet oxygen dimol species were proposed as the emitting species. The excited states of the carbon dioxide dimers and singlet oxygen dimol species were considered responsible for the light emission of H2O2-Co2+-NaHCO3 system. To our knowledge, this work is the first time to study the two CL systems simultaneously using nanoparticles.     

New boron nitride whiskers: showing strong ultraviolet and visible light luminescence

Boron nitride whiskers with a special structure have been synthesized by a thermal reaction process. The as-prepared BN whiskers have a length of tens of micrometers and a mean diameter of 500 nm. High-resolution TEM analysis shows that the as-prepared BN whiskers can be described as a nanofiber-interweaved network. Infrared and electron energy loss spectra reveal that the BN whiskers are composed of both sigma-sp2 and sigma-sp3 chemical bonds. The UV-vis absorption spectrum displays the energy band gap of the BN whiskers and multiple fine absorption peaks of the phonon-electron coupling. Both photoluminescence (PL) and cathodoluminescence (CL) measurements show the specially structured BN emits strong UV and visible luminescences, which is a promising material for deep-blue and UV applications.     

Label-free, non-derivatization CRET detection platform for 6-mercaptopurine based on the distance-dependent optical properties of gold nanoparticles

A label-free, non-derivatization chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer (CRET) detection platform has been developed for the detection of the non-fluorescent small molecule 6-mercaptopurine. This CRET process arose from a chemiluminescent (CL) donor-acceptor system in which the reaction of bis(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)oxalate (TCPO)-H(2)O(2)-fluorescein (maximum emission at 521.6 nm) served as the donor and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs, maximum absorption at 520.0 nm) served as the acceptor. This process caused a significant decrease in the CL signal of the TCPO-H(2)O(2)-fluorescein reaction. The presence of 6-mercaptopurine induced an aggregation of AuNPs with the assistance of Cu(2+) ions through cooperative metal-ligand interactions that was accompanied by a distinct change in color and optical properties. The maximum absorption band of the AuNPs was red-shifted to 721.0 nm and no longer overlapped with the CL spectrum of the reaction; as a result, the CL signal was restored. This CRET system exhibited a wide linear range, from 9.0 nmol L(-1) to 18.0 μmol L(-1), and a low detection limit (0.62 nmol L(-1)) for 6-mercaptopurine. The applicability of the proposed CRET system was evaluated by analysis of 6-mercaptopurine in spiked human plasma samples.     

Inverse opal photonic crystal of chalcogenide glass by solution processing

Chalcogenide opal and inverse opal photonic crystals were successfully fabricated by low-cost and low-temperature solution-based process, which is well developed in polymer films processing. Highly ordered silica colloidal crystal films were successfully infilled with nano-colloidal solution of the high refractive index As(30)S(70) chalcogenide glass by using spin-coating method. The silica/As-S opal film was etched in HF acid to dissolve the silica opal template and fabricate the inverse opal As-S photonic crystal. Both, the infilled silica/As-S opal film (Δn ~ 0.84 near λ=770 nm) and the inverse opal As-S photonic structure (Δn ~ 1.26 near λ=660 nm) had significantly enhanced reflectivity values and wider photonic bandgaps in comparison with the silica opal film template (Δn ~ 0.434 near λ=600 nm). The key aspects of opal film preparation by spin-coating of nano-colloidal chalcogenide glass solution are discussed. The solution fabricated "inorganic polymer" opal and the inverse opal structures exceed photonic properties of silica or any organic polymer opal film. The fabricated photonic structures are proposed for designing novel flexible colloidal crystal laser devices, photonic waveguides and chemical sensors.     

Label‐Free,Non‐Derivatization CRET Detection Platform for 6‐Mercaptopurine Based on the Distance‐Dependent Optical Properties of Gold Nanoparticles

A label‐free, non‐derivatization chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer (CRET) detection platform has been developed for the detection of the non‐fluorescent small molecule 6‐mercaptopurine. This CRET process arose from a chemiluminescent (CL) donor–acceptor system in which the reaction of bis(2,4,6‐trichlorophenyl)oxalate (TCPO)–H₂O₂–fluorescein (maximum emission at 521.6 nm) served as the donor and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs, maximum absorption at 520.0 nm) served as the acceptor. This process caused a significant decrease in the CL signal of the TCPO–H₂O₂–fluorescein reaction. The presence of 6‐mercaptopurine induced an aggregation of AuNPs with the assistance of Cu²⁺ ions through cooperative metal–ligand interactions that was accompanied by a distinct change in color and optical properties. The maximum absorption band of the AuNPs was red‐shifted to 721.0 nm and no longer overlapped with the CL spectrum of the reaction; as a result, the CL signal was restored. This CRET system exhibited a wide linear range, from 9.0 nmol L^?1 to 18.0 μmol L^?1, and a low detection limit (0.62 nmol L^?1) for 6‐mercaptopurine. The applicability of the proposed CRET system was evaluated by analysis of 6‐mercaptopurine in spiked human plasma samples.     

Remarkable changes in the optical properties of CeO(2) nanocrystals induced by lanthanide ions doping

Highly uniform and well-dispersed CeO(2) and CeO(2):Eu(3+) (Sm(3+), Tb(3+)) nanocrystals were prepared by a nonhydrolytic solution route and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), UV/vis absorption, and photoluminescence (PL) spectra, respectively. The result of XRD indicates that the CeO(2) nanocrystals are well crystallized with a cubic structure. The TEM images illustrate that the average size of CeO(2) nanocrystals is about 3.5 nm in diameter. The absorption spectrum of CeO(2):Eu(3+) nanocrystals exhibits red-shifting with respect to that of the undoped CeO(2) nanocrystals. Under the excitation of 440 nm (or 426 nm) light, the colloidal solution of the undoped CeO(2) nanocrystals shows a very weak emission band with a maximum at 501 nm, which is remarkably enhanced by doping additional lanthanide ions (Eu(3+), Tb(3+), Sm(3+)) in the CeO(2) nanocrystals. The emission band is not due to the characteristic emission of the lanthanide ions but might arise from the oxygen vacancy which is introduced in the fluorite lattice of the CeO(2)nanocrystals to compensate the effective negative charge associated with the trivalent ions.     

Chemometric and microscopic analyses for the size growth of monolayer-protected gold nanoparticles during their superlattice formation

Superlattices of gold nanoparticles have been produced at an air/solution interface under a highly acidic condition. The nanoparticle surface is protected by N-acetylglutathione (NAG). During the course of the superlattice formation, size growth of nanoparticles was observed: The superlattices were composed of nanoparticles of 6.6 nm in core diameter, whereas the as-prepared nanoparticles had the core diameter of 1.4 nm. The growth kinetics was pursued by the time evolution of the UV-vis absorption spectra for the sample solution. The change in the absorption spectral profiles was so small that we conducted principal-component analysis (PCA), which is known as a chemometric technique to resolve (or extract) spectra of minute chemical species submerged in the original spectra. Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) corroborated the PCA results, yielding a successful explanation of the growth scheme of the NAG-protected gold nanoparticles.     

Solvothermal synthesis of well-dispersed NaMgF3 nanocrystals and their optical properties

Complex metal fluoride NaMgF(3) nanocrystals were successfully synthesized via a solvothermal method at a relatively low temperature with the presence of oleic acid, and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra, photoluminescence (PL) excitation and emission spectra, respectively. In the synthetic process, oleic acid as a surfactant played a crucial role in confining the growth and solubility of the NaMgF(3) nanocrystals. The as-prepared NaMgF(3) nanocrystals have quasi-spherical shape with a narrow distribution. A possible formation mechanism of the nanocrystals was proposed based on the effect of oleic acid. The as-prepared NaMgF(3) nanocrystals are highly crystalline and well-dispersed in cyclohexane to form stable and clear colloidal solutions, which demonstrate a strong emission band centered at 400 nm in photoluminescence (PL) spectra compared with the cyclohexane solvent. The PL properties of the colloidal solutions of the as-prepared nanocrystals can be ascribed to the trap states of surface defects.     

乙二醇中铜胶体共振光散射光谱

在乙二醇中,以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）为分散剂,抗坏血酸（VC）为还原剂和抗氧化剂,还原CuSO4制得铜胶体溶液。 通过XRD、UV-Vis与共振光散射（RLS）光谱对铜胶体进行表征。 结果表明,铜胶体为面心立方晶体结构的0价铜,在592~602 nm呈现典型的等离子共振吸收峰,体系具有明显的RLS特征,最大散射波长在468 nm。 考察了反应条件、体系的稳定性与共存离子对乙二醇中铜胶体RLS的影响。 结果表明,适宜的反应条件为：试剂按照VC、CuSO4和PVP的加入顺序,3种物质量的比按照n(VC)/n(Cu2+)=15、n(PVP-K30)/n(Cu2+)=1.4;反应温度60 ℃;反应时间1 h,反应得到的铜胶体可稳定放置1 d。 在适宜条件下,ρ(Cu2+)在5.12~12.8 mg/L范围内与散射光强度（ΔIRLS）成正比,回归方程为ΔI=7 420.2ρ-631.8（r=0.9962）,检出限（3σ）为0.63 μg/L。 0.64 mg/L MnSO4、CdSO4和ZnSO4,1.28 mg/L KI,64 mg/L Na2CO3和Ca(OH)2,960 mg/L CH3CH2OH,640 mg/L CH3OH和320 mg/L CH3CH2CH2OH均不干扰10 mg/L Cu2+溶液的测量。 由此建立一种利用RLS光谱测定乙二醇中铜离子的简便方法。