A Hybrid Boundary/Finite Element Method for Simulating Viscous Flows and Shapes of Droplets in Electric Fields

A mixed boundary element and finite element numerical algorithm for the simultaneous prediction of the electric fields, viscous flow fields, thermal fields and surface deformation of electrically conducting droplets in an electrostatic field is described in this paper. The boundary element method is used for the computation of the electric potential distribution. This allows the boundary conditions at infinity to be directly incorporated into the boundary integral formulation, thereby obviating the need for discretization at infinity. The surface deformation is determined by solving the normal stress balance equation using the weighted residuals method. The fluid flow and thermal fields are calculated using the mixed finite element method. The computational algorithm for the simultaneous prediction of surface deformation and fluid flow involves two iterative loops, one for the electric field and surface deformation and the other for the surface tension driven viscous flows. The two loops are coupled through the droplet surface shapes for viscous fluid flow calculations and viscous stresses for updating the droplet shapes. Computing the surface deformation in a separate loop permits the freedom of applying different types of elements without complicating procedures for the internal flow and thermal calculations. Tests indicate that the quadratic, cubic spline and spectral boundary elements all give approximately the same accuracy for free surface calculations; however, the quadratic elements are preferred as they are easier to implement and also require less computing time. Linear elements, however, are less accurate. Numerical simulations are carried out for the simultaneous solution of free surface shapes and internal fluid flow and temperature distributions in droplets in electric fields under both microgravity and earthbound conditions. Results show that laser heating may induce a non-uniform temperature distribution in the droplets. This non-uniform thermal field results in a variation of surface tension along the surface of the droplet, which in turn produces a recirculating fluid flow in the droplet. The viscous stresses cause additional surface deformation by squeezing the surface areas above and below the equator plane.     

Finite Element Analysis of Elasto-plastic Plate Bending Problems using Transition Rectangular Plate Elements

In this work, the finite element analysis of the elasto-plastic plate bending problems is carried out using transition rectangular plate elements. The shape functions of the transition plate elements are derived based on a practical rule. The transition plate elements are all quadrilateral and can be used to obtain efficient finite element models using minimum number of elements. The mesh convergence rates of the models including the transition elements are compared with the regular element models. To verify the developed elements, simple tests are demonstrated and various elasto-plastic problems are solved. Their results are compared with ANSYS results.The English text was polished by Keren Wang.     

无单元Galerkin法和边界元耦合法

无网格方法与有限元法或边界元法耦合是无网格方法处理边界条件的方法之一,在无网格方法中研究无网格方法与有限元法或边界元法耦合的研究显得非常重要.本文在无单元Galerkin法和边界元法的基础上,基于无单元Galerkin法子域和边界元法子域的界面上位移连续和面力平衡条件,提出了一种新的无单元Galerkin法和边界元法的直接耦合方法,对弹性力学问题详细推导了在整个求解域上的耦合公式.与以往的耦合法相比,这种方法简单直观,不需要增加新的耦合区域,也不需要建立新的逼近函数来保证界面位移的连续性.算例结果表明,该方法具有较好的计算精度.     

Finite Element Analysis of Unsteady Natural Convection

In this study, a new finite element method (the MSR-method) is proposed for unsteady three-dimensional thermal-fluid analyses. This method is a combination of a modified Galerkin method (MGM) and the SIMPLER formulation. In the MSR-method the velocity and pressure are computed using the SIMPLER procedure and the approximate velocity and the energy equation are solved using the MGM. In the MGM, the inertia term and the pressure term are considered explicitly, so only the symmetrical matrixes appear. Then an artificial viscosity is introduced through an error analysis approach to improve its accuracy and stability. In this paper, the natural convection problems in a three-dimensional cavity are simulated up to the Rayleigh number of 10⁸, and converged solutions are obtained. Authors confirmed that our proposed method gives reasonable results for these problems comparing with other research works.     

断裂力学的相似边界元法及其应用

首先对弹性力学的相似边界元法进行了研究,推导了相应的计算公式。与传统的边界元法相比,相似边界元法由于只需在少数单元上进行数值积分,当边界单元数目较多时大大减少了计算量。在此基础上,将相似边界元法应用于断裂力学,对路面断裂力学问题进行了计算,与有限元法的结果比较,说明了本文方法在减少计算量的情况下仍能较好地保证精度。     

Analytical Treatment of Boundary Integrals in Direct Boundary Element Analysis of Plan Potential and Elasticity Problems

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断裂力学的半解析相似边界元法

本文首先对弹性力学的相似边界元法进行了研究，推导了相应的计算公式。与传统的边界元法相比，相似边界元法由于只需在少数单元上进行数值积分，大大减少了计算量。在此基础上，对断裂力学问题，利用裂纹尖端位移场的解析表达式将裂纹尖端节点未知量转化为几个待定常数，提出了半解析相似边界元法，可大大减少最终形成的线性代数方程组的系数矩阵的阶数，进一步减小计算量。最后给出了算例，说明了本文方法的有效性。     

Transient Analysis of Rubber Extrusion by the Finite Element Method

Time-dependent analysis of rubber flow from a capillary rheometer is analyzed by the finite element method, in which both marker-particle and pseudo-concentration methods are used to define extruding rubber positions. The rubbers are assumed to be represented by a power-law fluid. The extruded free surface obtained by the marker-particle method is compared with the one produced by the pseudo-concentration method.     

Preconditioned Iterative Methods for Linear Equations Arising from the Boundary Element Method

A precondition for the Gauss–Seidel iterative method to solve a linear system of equations arising from the boundary element method for the Laplace and convective diffusion with first-order reaction problems is presented in this paper. The present precondition is based on the elementary matrix operation. We discuss the effect of the precondition in comparison with the Gauss elimination (GE) method in some numerical experiments.     

Boundary Element Analysis of Raft Foundations on Piles

The boundary element method is used in the formulation of models for the analysis of raft foundations on piles. Two models are considered: a Kirchhoff plate on a layered elastic half-space and a Kirchhoff plate on a Winkler soil. The plates are modelled using conforming boundary elements and the piles by using linear finite elements. Mindlin's solution is used as influence function within the half-space while Boussinesq's solution, a precursor although a particular case of Mindlin's solution, is used to derive the deflections of the soil surface. The models are used in the analysis of some raft foundations on piles and the results and relative merits are discussed.     

A new Finite Element Method for magneto-dynamical problems: two-dimensional results

A mixed Lagrange finite element technique is used to solve the Maxwell equations in the magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) limit in an hybrid domain composed of vacuum and conducting regions. The originality of the approach is that no artificial boundary condition is enforced at the interface between the conducting and the insulating regions and the non-conducting medium is not approximated by a weakly conducting medium as is frequently done in the literature. As a first evaluation of the performance of the method, we study two-dimensional (2D) configurations, where the flow streamlines of the conducting fluid are planar, i.e., invariant in one direction, and either the magnetic field (“magnetic scalar” case) or the electric field (“electric scalar” case) is parallel to the invariant direction. Induction heating, eddy current generation, and magnetic field stretching are investigated showing the usefulness of finite element methods to solve magneto-dynamical problems with complex insulating boundaries.     

Discrete mechanics and the Finite Element Method

Summary We explore applications of the Finite Element Method (FEM) to both Veselov and Lee discrete mechanics in this paper. Based on the FEM, disretizations of continuous Lagrangians are developed and corresponding integrators are obtained. Error estimates for variational integrators are also given. This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant Nos. 90103004, 10171096) and the National Key Project for Basic Research of China (G1998030601).     

Boundary effects on behaviour of granular material during plane strain compression

The paper investigates the boundary effect on the behaviour of granular materials during plane strain compression using finite element method. A micro-polar hypoplastic constitutive model was used. The numerical calculations were carried out with different initial densities and boundary conditions. The behaviour of initially dense, medium dense and loose sand specimen with very smooth or very rough horizontal boundary was investigated. The formation of shear zones gave rise to different global and local stress and strain. Comparisons of the mobilized internal friction, dilatancy and non-coaxiality between global and local quantities were made.     

非线性弹性及全量弹塑性有限元分析中的一致性切线模量

本文导出了非线性弹性及全量弹塑性有限元分析中的一致性切线模量,从而可以保持牛顿迭代法固有的平方收敛速度.指出了某些文献中关于切线模量的不正确表述,并以数值算例验证了本文方法的正确有效.     

Consistent Finite Element Calculations of Boundary and Internal Fluxes

The purpose of this paper is to develop a consistent method to calculate the fluxes or the stresses in an incompressible flow, particularly a turbulent flow. A post-processing technique has been developed such that fluxes or stresses are treated as unknown values, which are solved for, weakly, using the finite element method.

The method has been applied to calculate the Reynolds stresses in a turbulent channel flow. As a result of the new consistent method, the Reynolds stresses have shown good agreement with the DNS data confirming the momentum conservation of the finite element method.     

弹性力学轴对称问题的有限元线法

给出了解弹性力学空间轴对称问题的有限元线法的基本理论。该法包括了２－４条结线的等参数单元，沿结线方向的两点边值问题采用插值矩阵法解之。算例表明，本法具有良好的收敛性和较高的计算精度。     

伽辽金有限元素法对旋翼气弹稳定性的应用

采用伽辽金加权余数有限元素法发展了一种悬停状态下无铰旋翼桨叶气弹稳定性的分析方法。分析模型包括预锥角、下垂角、预掠角、总距角、桨根预安装角、桨叶预扭角、变距轴偏置、根部外伸量和操纵线系刚度等结构参数，对无铰旋翼桨叶气弹稳定性研究有普遍适用意义。试验证明该理论可行并能用于研究无铰旋翼结构参数对桨叶气弹稳定性的影响，也能用于直升机旋翼的型号设计。     

四边形等参单元温度场有限元分析中的混合边界条件

在温度场有限元分析中，边界条件的合理确定是一个非常重要的问题。本文以四边形等参单元为基本单元，采用基于微分方程等效积分原理的Galerkin加权余量法，建立了热传导问题的有限元方程，推导出混合边界条件的有限元计算公式。最后，根据求得的温度场可得截面温度应力分布。     

转子系统振动特性分析的一种高精度有限元

导出了转子－支承系统的基本微分方程井运用Ｇａｌｅｒｋｉｎ法对一种新的高精度转子单元进行了推导。采用该单元对几个算例进行了计算并与试验结果及其它文献的相应结果进行了比较。计算结果表明，该单元具有良好的精度。