最优公交线路选择问题的数学模型及算法

公交线路选择问题是城市公共交通信息查询的重要内容，本文建立了满足不同公交线路查询者需求的最优线路选择模型并给出了相应的算法。首先通过引入各条公交线路直达最短距离矩阵构造了公交网络直达关系图（直达矩阵），在直达关系图（直达矩阵）上，利用修改了的最短路算法，即可求得最优换乘路线。根据出行者的不同需求，通过在直达关系图上定义不同的权系数，可以分别求得换乘次数最少的公交出行线路、经过站点最少的公交出行线路；通过修改最短路算法，可以求得出行耗时最少的线路及出行费用最低的线路，另外，本模型还可以综合考虑出行者的需求情况，求得出行者满意度最大的出行路线。     

城市公交查询系统的设计与实现

针对含有“公汽、地铁、步行”的复杂公交网络环境,首先对公交问题所提供的数据进行分析,并优化数据的存储结构;其次充分考虑到公交网络客流分配的主要因素一换乘次数、票价、时间,提出了公交网中这三个目标的加权平均最优路径模型及其算法;最后对模型的算法用Matlab软件实现.通过测试,结果显示本系统能快速响应出满足乘客不同需求的公交出行路径。     

公交枢纽内始发线路优化配置模型及其模拟退火算法

城市公交枢纽由于用地规模有限、公交线路集中,其内部始发站的设置不同于一般的公交首末站.本文提出了公交枢纽内始发站的布置方法,建立了公交线路和站台间优化配置模型,并提出运用模拟退火算法对模型进行求解.最后通过实例分析了提出的优化模型及解法的有效性.     

基于一体化的多层次公交线网优化研究

探讨一体化公交系统下多模式、多层次公交网络的优化方法,采用双层规划模型对公交线网进行一体化规划,并利用遗传算法和公交线路的规划模型确定最优线路集合.通过对交通网络的分析,确定公交网络的分布方法.最后通过实例以及方案的对比分析,获得了较好的优化结果.     

公交网络时刻表再协同设计的多目标优化模型

为了改善公交服务质量,公交运营者试图调整现有时刻表的发车时间,使不同线路的车次协同到达换乘站点以方便乘客换乘。针对此场景,研究了公交时刻表重新协同设计问题,提出了求解该问题的多目标模型。模型考虑了对发车间隔灵敏的乘客需求、灵活的车次协同到站方式和发车时间的规则性,分析了该多目标模型的特征和计算复杂性,表明本文研究的问题是NP-hard问题,且它的帕累托最优前沿是非凸的,设计了基于非支配排序的遗传算法求解模型。算例表明,与枚举算法相比,提出的求解算法在较短的时间内可获得高质量的帕累托解。     

公交转车的最短时间模型及求解

针对2007年全国大学生数学建模竞赛B题——"乘公交,看奥运"中的关于公交线路的选择问题,建立了最短时间的数学模型,并给出了该数学模型的精确求解.     

电动公交枢纽直流快速充电模式及充电设施最优配置

发展电动公交能减少燃油消耗和城市污染物排放,对改善城市环境具有十分重要的意义.提出一种能显著减少电动公交运营成本的直流快速充电方式及相应的充电设施的建设模式.对公交枢纽直流快速充电模式下电动公交充电服务排队模型、高峰和平峰期充电设施最优配置模型进行了研究,并通过算例验证了这些模型的有效性.研究成果对我国电动公交的充电设施建设具有借鉴意义.     

基于SEM的城市公交服务质量-满意度-忠诚度研究

将城市公交服务质量简化为乘客便利感知质量、乘车环境质量、运营服务质量三个维度,运用结构方程模型(SEM)建立了常规公交乘客服务质量-满意度-忠诚度模型,并结合南昌市实际调查数据,通过服务质量指标因子定量分析各变量对乘客满意度-忠诚度的影响。研究结果表明,乘客便利感知质量、乘车环境质量、运营服务质量对乘客满意度均有直接正向相关性,而对乘客忠诚度则无直接正向相关性;影响城市公交服务质量的重要因素依次是公交路线的换乘便利情况、公交车况、公交卫生状况和公交运行安全性。     

基于换乘行为的轨道交通网络模型研究

换乘行为是保持轨道交通网络正常运行的关键因素.针对轨道交通网络,提出一种添加换乘因素的网络模型构造方法.首先,根据换乘站点的交汇线路数量N,再裂变出N-1个换乘站点;其次,这N个换乘站点相互之间有换乘通道相连,且每条线路通过其中一个换乘站点;最后将构造方法运用到北京轨道交通网络,并通过仿真实验对比分析新旧网络模型的基本参数.结果表明:新建轨道交通网络模型在换乘流量的确定、负荷平均最短出行时间等方面弥补了以往模型的不足.     

一种改进的公交配流模型与算法

对两种经典的公交配流模型进行了对比分析,指出了在考虑拥挤影响时两种模型进行公交配流各自存在的缺点．随后对两种模型存在的不足进行了原因分析,并在此基础上对Spiess和Florian提出的线性规划模型及算法进行了改进．改进的模型运用了“最优策略”和“有效频率”的思想, 考虑了拥挤对站点乘客等车时间的影响．模型用MSA（相继平均法）算法进行求解,最后在一个简单网络上进行对比分析,表明改进后的模型能够较合理地求解考虑站点拥挤的公交配流问题．     

A simplicial decomposition method for the transit equilibrium assignment problem

A transit equilibrium assignment problem assigns the passenger flows on to a congested transit (public transportation) network with asymmetric cost functions and a fixed origin-destination matrix. This problem which may be formulated in the space of hyperpath flows, is transformed into an equivalent problem in the space of total arc flows and an auxiliary variable. A simplicial decomposition algorithm is developed and its convergence is proved under the usual assumptions on the cost functions. The algorithm requires relatively little memory and its efficiency is demonstrated with computational results.     

An equilibrium model for urban transit assignment based on game theory

The urban public transport system is portrayed as a special commodity market where passenger is consumer, transit operator is producer and the special goods is the service for passenger’s trip. The generalized Nash equilibrium game is applied to describe how passengers adjust their route choices and trip modes. We present a market equilibrium model for urban public transport system as a series of mathematical programmings and equations, which is to describe both the competitions among different transit operators and the interactive influences among passengers. The proposed model can simultaneously predict how passengers choose their optimal routes and trip modes. An algorithm is designed to obtain the equilibrium solution. Finally, a simple numerical example is given and some conclusions are drawn.     

Transit passenger origin-destination estimation in congested transit networks with elastic line frequencies

This paper deals with the transit passenger origin-destination (O-D) estimation problem by using updated passenger counts in congested transit networks and outdated prior O-D matrix. A bilevel programming approach is extended for the transit passenger O-D updating problem where the upper-level problem seeks to minimize the sum of error measurements in passenger counts and O-D matrices, while the lower level is the stochastic user equilibrium assignment problem for congested transit networks. The transit assignment framework is based on a frequency-adaptive transit network model in this paper, which can help determine transit line frequencies and the network flow pattern simultaneously in congested transit networks. A heuristic solution algorithm is adapted for solving the transit passenger O-D estimation problem. Finally, a numerical example is used to illustrate the applications of the proposed model and solution algorithm. The work described in this paper was mainly supported by two research grants from the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (Project No. PolyU 5143/03E and PolyU 5040/02E).     

一种求解救灾物资运输问题的改进解法

本文通过对B运输问题建立数学模型,提出了一种求解B运输问题的改进解法。改进解法首先通过最小元素法求出初始解,然后进行变量闭回路法调整,直到求出最优解,并给出了一个计算实例证明了解法的有效性。文章还对改进解法和另外两种现有的算法进行了综合的分析,由于改进解法计算过程中采用的变量闭回路法省略了求检验数的环节,使得新算法比两种现有的算法更简便。     

Design method using hybrid of line-type and circular-type routes for transit network system optimization

Transit network design is a very important problem. In particular, it has a great influence on passenger satisfaction with the whole transit network system. The present research proposes a simulated annealing (SA) method for optimizing a transit network design. In the algorithm, the strategy to search for neighborhood solutions provides the chance to find the best hybrid of line-type and circular-type routes. The proposed SA method is also compared with other methods. The results show that the proposed SA model is a good alternative for transit network design, particularly as it provides the scope to design hybrids of line-type and circular-type routes.     

Estimation of Transit Origin–Destination Matrices from Passenger Counts Using a Frequency-Based Approach

This paper investigates the transit passenger origin–destination (O–D) estimation problem in congested transit networks where updated passenger counts and outdated O–D matrices are available. The bi-level programming approach is used for the transit passenger O–D estimation problem. The upper level minimizes the sum of error measurements in passenger counts and O–D matrices, and the lower level is a new frequency-based stochastic user equilibrium (SUE) assignment model that can determine simultaneously the passenger overload delays and passenger route choices in congested transit network together with the resultant transit line frequencies. The lower-level problem can be formulated as either a logit-type or probit-type SUE transit assignment problem. A heuristic solution algorithm is developed for solving the proposed bi-level programming model which is applicable to congested transit networks. Finally, a case study on a simplified transit network connecting Kowloon urban area and the Hong Kong International Airport is provided to illustrate the applications of the proposed bi-level programming model and solution algorithm. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Finding optimal hyperpaths in large transit networks with realistic headway distributions

This paper implements and tests a label-setting algorithm for finding optimal hyperpaths in large transit networks with realistic headway distributions. It has been commonly assumed in the literature that headway is exponentially distributed. To validate this assumption, the empirical headway data archived by Chicago Transit Agency are fitted into various probabilistic distributions. The results suggest that the headway data fit much better with Loglogistic, Gamma and Erlang distributions than with the exponential distribution. Accordingly, we propose to model headway using the Erlang distribution in the proposed algorithm, because it best balances realism and tractability. When headway is not exponentially distributed, finding optimal hyperpaths may require enumerating all possible line combinations at each transfer stop, which is tractable only for a small number of alternative lines. To overcome this difficulty, a greedy method is implemented as a heuristic and compared to the brute-force enumeration method. The proposed algorithm is tested on a large scale CTA bus network that has over 10,000 stops. The results show that (1) the assumption of exponentially distributed headway may lead to sub-optimal route choices and (2) the heuristic greedy method provides near optimal solutions in all tested cases.     

求解应急医疗设施分层递进式选址问题的改进免疫算法

针对应急医疗设施的特点,提出分层递进式选址方法,对应急医疗设施进行合理选址.首先,通过熵权法对选址所需要考虑的因素进行权重计算,并进行初步选址;其次,考虑设施点的服务容量、重大公共卫生事件下轻重症患者的治疗与转移的实际情况,建立双层级整数规划模型;再次,根据模型的具体特点,设计改进的免疫优化算法对其进行求解;最后,以湖...     

Algorithm of the resolving of a boundary-value problem for a nonlinear controlled system and its numerical modeling

An algorithm to construct a differentiable control function guaranteeing the transfer nonlinear stationary systems of ordinary differential equations from the initial state to a given final state of the phase space such that restrictions for the control are satisfied is proposed. The proposed algorithm is convenient for numerical implementation and is applicable to a broad class of systems. A sufficient condition of the existence of a desired transfer function is constructed. A certain practical problem is considered and simulated numerically by means of the presented method.