Note on the integral mean value method for Fredholm integral equations of the second kind

We study the paper of Avazzadeh et al. [Z. Avazzadeh, M. Heydari, G.B., Loghmani, Numerical solution of Fedholm integral equations of the second kind by using integral mean value theorem, Appl. Math. Model. 35 (2011) 2374–2383] with the integral mean value method for Fredholm integral equations of the second kind. The objective of the note is threefold. First, we point out a basic error in the paper. Second, we find that the given numerical examples are only related to the special cases of Fredholm integral equations of the second kind with the degenerate kernels, which can be solved simply. Third, due to the basic error, our observations reveal that generally the suggested method should not be considered for a Fredholm integral equation of the second kind.     

Numerical method for solving linear Fredholm fuzzy integral equations of the second kind

In this paper we use parametric form of fuzzy number and convert a linear fuzzy Fredholm integral equation to two linear system of integral equation of the second kind in crisp case. We can use one of the numerical method such as Nystrom and find the approximation solution of the system and hence obtain an approximation for fuzzy solution of the linear fuzzy Fredholm integral equations of the second kind. The proposed method is illustrated by solving some numerical examples.     

A Nyström method for a class of Fredholm integral equations of the third kind on unbounded domains

The author proposes a numerical procedure in order to approximate the solution of a class of Fredholm integral equations of the third kind on unbounded domains. The given equation is transformed in a Fredholm integral equation of the second kind. Hence, according to the integration interval, the equation is regularized by means of a suitable one-to-one map or is transformed in a system of two Fredholm integral equations that are subsequently regularized. In both cases a Nyström method is applied, the convergence and the stability of which are proved in spaces of weighted continuous functions. Error estimates and numerical tests are also included.     

Solution of linear integral equations by Gregory's method

Two techniques for using Gregory's method to solve Fredholm integral equations of the second kind are described. Since the kernel function is allowed to be mildly discontinuous, Volterra integral equations of the second kind can be solved in the same manner. Some numerical examples are given.     

An algorithm based on the regularization and integral mean value methods for the Fredholm integral equations of the first kind

In this paper, an algorithm based on the regularization and integral mean value methods, to handle the ill-posed multi-dimensional Fredholm equations, is introduced. The application of this algorithm is based on the transforming the first kind equation to a second kind equation by the regularization method. Then, by converting the first kind to a second kind, the integral mean value method is employed to handle the resulting Fredholm integral equations of the second kind. The efficiency of the approach will be shown by applying the procedure on some examples.     

A numerical method based on hybrid orthonormal Bernstein and improved block-pulse functions for solving Volterra–Fredholm integral equations

This paper deals with the numerical solution of the integral equations of linear second kind Volterra–Fredholm. These integral equations are commonly used in engineering and mathematical physics to solve many of the problems. A hybrid of Bernstein and improved block-pulse functions method is introduced and used where the key point is to transform linear second-type Volterra–Fredholm integral equations into an algebraic equation structure that can be solved using classical methods. Numeric examples are given which demonstrate the related features of the process.     

Numerical solution of Fredholm integral equations of the second kind by using integral mean value theorem II. High dimensional problems

In this work, we generalize the numerical method discussed in [Z. Avazzadeh, M. Heydari, G.B. Loghmani, Numerical solution of Fredholm integral equations of the second kind by using integral mean value theorem, Appl. math. modelling, 35 (2011) 2374–2383] for solving linear and nonlinear Fredholm integral and integro-differential equations of the second kind. The presented method can be used for solving integral equations in high dimensions. In this work, we describe the integral mean value method (IMVM) as the technical algorithm for solving high dimensional integral equations. The main idea in this method is applying the integral mean value theorem. However the mean value theorem is valid for multiple integrals, we apply one dimensional integral mean value theorem directly to fulfill required linearly independent equations. We solve some examples to investigate the applicability and simplicity of the method. The numerical results confirm that the method is efficient and simple.     

A simple Taylor-series expansion method for a class of second kind integral equations

A simple yet effective Taylor-series expansion method is presented for a class of Fredholm integral equations of the second kind with smooth and weakly singular kernels. The equations studied in this paper arise in a number of applications, e.g., potential theory, radiative equilibrium, radiative heat transfer, and electrostatics. The approach leads to an approximate solution of the integral equation which can be expressed explicitly in a simple, closed form. The approximate solution is of sufficient accuracy as illustrated by the numerical examples arising from radiative heat transfer and electrostatics.     

On the quadrature methods for the numerical solution of singular integral equations

A Cauchy type singular integral equation can be numerically solved by the use of an appropriate numerical integration rule and the reduction of this equation to a system of linear algebraic equations, either directly or after the reduction of the Cauchy type singular integral equation to an equivalent Fredholm integral equation of the second kind. In this paper two fundamental theorems on the equivalence (under appropriate conditions) of the aforementioned methods of numerical solution of Cauchy type singular integral equations are proved in sufficiently general cases of Cauchy type singular integral equations of the second kind.     

On the numerical solution of Cauchy type singular integral equations by the collocation method

The collocation method for the numerical solution of Fredholm integral equations of the second kind is applied, properly modified, to the numerical solution of Cauchy type singular integral equations of the first or the second kind but with constant coefficients. This direct method of numerical solution of Cauchy type singular integral equations is compared afterwards with the corresponding method resulting from applying the collocation method to the Fredholm integral equation of the second kind equivalent to the Cauchy type singular integral equation, as well as with another method, based also on the regularization procedure, for the numerical solution of the same class of equations. Finally, the convergence of the method is discussed.     

积分算子方程的连续型配置方法

1．引言由于对积分算子方程来说，配置法比Galerkin法具计算量小的优点（少算一重积分），故配置法更受人们重视．但已有的文献几乎都是将配置空间取作非连续的分片多项式样条空间，以得到某种超收敛结果（如［1，2］）．这种方法存在下列不足：（a）光滑核Volterra积分方程与光滑核Fredholm积分方程具完全不同的收敛性质［1］，且需用不同的方法获得其加速收敛结果（比较［31与［4］），尽管Volterra积分方程在理论上被看作是Fredholm积分方程的特殊情形；（b）光滑核Volterra积分方程的配置解不具任何超收敛性，其迭代配置解也只在结点…     

非光滑第二类Fredholm方程Collocation解的迭代──校正方法

本文对于一类具非光滑核第二类Ｆｒｅｄｈｏｌｍ方程的Ｃｏｌｌｏｃａｔｉｏｎ解提出一种迭代─校正方法，使得在计算量增加很少的前提下，成倍提高逼近解精度，并将此方法用于平面多角域上边界积分方程，从而给出其相应微分方程逼近解的高精度算法。此方法还是一种自适应方法。     

On linear Fredholm integro-differential equations of first kind

We study the question whether linear one-dimensional integro-differential equations with constant limits of integration (equations of Fredholm type) containing no free differential expression (equations of first kind) can be reduced to integral equations of first kind and to Fredholm integro-differential equations of second kind.Translated fromVychislitel'naya i Prikladnaya Matematika, Issue 71, 1990, pp. 20–27.     

Numerical solution of some classes of integral equations using Bernstein polynomials

This paper is concerned with obtaining approximate numerical solutions of some classes of integral equations by using Bernstein polynomials as basis. The integral equations considered are Fredholm integral equations of second kind, a simple hypersingular integral equation and a hypersingular integral equation of second kind. The method is explained with illustrative examples. Also, the convergence of the method is established rigorously for each class of integral equations considered here.     

Solutions to systems of linear Fredholm integral equations of the third kind with multipoint singularities

A new approach is used to show that the solution for one class of systems of linear Fredholm integral equations of the third kind with multipoint singularities is equivalent to the solution of systems of linear Fredholm integral equations of the second kind with additional conditions. The existence, nonexistence, uniqueness, and nonuniqueness of solutions to systems of linear Fredholm integral equations of the third kind with multipoint singularities are analyzed.     

嵌入弹性半空间的弹性迴转轴的扭转*

本文用线载荷积分方程法(LLIEM)研究嵌在弹性半空间的弹性迴转轴的扭转问题.将“点环力偶(PRC)”和“半空间点环力偶(PRCHS)”分别分布于迴转轴内和外的轴线上,就能将本问题归结为一维的Fredholm第一种积分方程组.直接用离散法求解时,会发现有时解是不稳定的,也就是病态情形.本文采用以带小参数的Fredholm第二种积分方程代替病态的Fredholm第一种积分方程的方法可以得到稳定的解,此法比Tikhonov正规化法简单,易于在计算机上运行.文中给出圆维、圆柱、圆锥-圆柱、抛物线轴等数值例子.     

A convergence rate for approximate solutions of Fredholm integral equations of the first kind

We study the convergence rate for solving Fredholm integral equations of the first kind by using the well known collocation method. By constructing an approximate interpolation neural network, we deduce the convergence rate of the approximate solution by only using continuous functions as basis functions for the Fredholm integral equations of the first kind. This convergence rate is bounded in terms of a modulus of smoothness.     

Integral equation solution for the flow due to the motion of a body of arbitrary shape near a plane interface at small Reynolds number

The problem of determining the slow viscous flow due to an arbitrary motion of a particle of arbitrary shape near a plane interface is formulated exactly as a system of three linear Fredholm integral equations of the first kind, which is shown to have a unique solution. A numerical method based on these integral equations is proposed. In order to test this method valid for arbitrary particle shape, the problem of arbitrary motion of a sphere is worked out and compared with the available analytical solution. This technique can be also extended to low Reynolds number flow due to the motion of a finite number of bodies of arbitrary shape near a plane interface. As an example the case of two equal sized spheres moving parallel and perpendicular to the interface is solved in the limiting case of infinite viscosity ratio.     

On a Class of Systems of Linear and Nonlinear Fredholm Integral Equations of the Third Kind with Multipoint Singularities

Based on a new approach, we show that finding solutions for a class of systems of linear (respectively, nonlinear) Fredholm integral equations of the third kind with multipoint singularities is equivalent to finding solutions of systems of linear (respectively, nonlinear) Fredholm integral equations of the second kind with additional conditions. We study the existence, nonexistence, uniqueness, and nonuniqueness of solutions for this class of systems of Fredholm integral equations of the third kind with multipoint singularities.     

On the solution of mixed problems for a fiber with a vertical circular cylindrical cavity

A method of solving paired integral equations that appear in considerations of mixed problems of elasticity and thermoelasticity theory is given, with the help of generalized integral Weber transforms. The paired equations are reduced to an integral Fredholm equation of the second kind on the semiaxis, which have a discontinuous kernel, or to Fredholm equations of the second kind on a finite interval and infinite systems of linear algebraic equations, which are normal in the sense of Poincare-Koch. As an example, contact problems for an inhomogeneous fiber with a cavity are considered. If the fiber is bonded with the elastic half-space, then a second appproach is realized, which is based on a reduction to an equation with a self-adjoint operator, for which some method of sequential iteractions and the Bubnov-Galerkin method are justified.Translated from Dinamicheskie Sistemy, No. 7, pp. 95–102, 1988.