烧结法制备高炉渣CMAS系统微晶玻璃的研究

利用高炉渣及其它辅助原料制备基础玻璃,采用一步烧结法制备主晶相为辉石的CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2(CMAS)微晶玻璃.综合运用DSC,XRD以及场发射扫描电子显微镜等测试手段,分析热处理制度对高炉渣CMAS微晶玻璃的析晶行为及性能的影响.结果表明:随着热处理温度上升,微晶玻璃的主晶相均为辉石,次晶相均为长石,晶相析出量增加,微晶玻璃的体积密度及抗折强度均呈现先增后减趋势.随着热处理时间增加,微晶玻璃的体积密度及抗折强度均呈现下降趋势.当热处理温度为1020 ℃,晶化时间30 min时,样品的机械性能最好,体积密度为2.690 g·cm-3,抗折强度为67.00 MPa.     

铬渣对黄磷炉渣微晶玻璃析晶的影响

以自然冷却黄磷炉渣为基础原料,外加适量的SiO2和不同比例的铬渣,熔融法制备黄磷炉渣-铬渣微晶玻璃.通过差热分析(DTA)、X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等技术手段分析铬渣添加量对黄磷炉渣-铬渣微晶玻璃晶化行为的影响.结果 表明:随着铬渣添加量的增大,基础玻璃的析晶活化能E先减小后增大,当铬渣的添加量为20wt;时析晶活化能E最小,析晶能力最佳;微晶玻璃的主晶相不会随铬渣添加量的增大而改变,主晶相均为硅灰石,在实验添加量的范围内,制备的黄磷炉渣-铬渣微晶玻璃毒性浸出浓度远低于国家标准规定的最高允许浓度.     

高热膨胀Na2O-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2微晶玻璃的制备及性能研究

采用传统熔体冷却法制备了Na2O-MgO-Al2 O3-SiO2玻璃并采用整体析晶工艺制备了微晶玻璃.利用DSC、XRD、SEM等测试手段研究了微晶玻璃的析晶行为和显微结构,探讨了热处理制度对该体系微晶玻璃热膨胀系数、密度、抗弯强度、显微硬度等性能的影响.研究结果表明,当晶化温度为800℃时该体系微晶玻璃主晶相为颗粒状霞石晶体(NaAlSiO4);当晶化温度达到900℃时玻璃中开始析出镁橄榄石(Mg2SiO4)晶体;延长保温时间可显著促进析晶但对晶体种类没有影响.析晶后微晶玻璃的密度、热膨胀系数、抗弯强度和显微硬度值显著增加,其最高热膨胀系数可达14.1×10-6℃-1.所制备的微晶玻璃具有很好的机械性能,当热处理温度为1000℃时,其抗弯强度和显微硬度分别达160 MPa和7.8 GPa.     

废渣微晶玻璃析晶行为分析及热处理制度的优化

以镍渣及粉煤灰为主要原料,使用熔融法制备了复合渣微晶玻璃,渣的综合利用率达到62;,依据DSC曲线确定基础玻璃的热处理制度,并利用修正的JMA方程,对其进行了析晶动力学分析.借助极差分析、XRD、SEM等测试方法探讨了热处理制度对该系统微晶玻璃的影响.结果表明:复合渣微晶玻璃析晶活化能E=91.4 kJ/mol,动力学参数k(Tp)=0.277,n=3.04,该微晶玻璃以体析晶的方式析晶且析晶能力较强,主晶相为普通辉石和透辉石;热处理制度对玻璃体系的微观组织结构及力学性能均有较大影响,且温度因素大于时间因素;经730℃保温1.5h微晶化热处理后能获得晶粒细小均匀、力学性能良好的复合渣微晶玻璃.     

熔制坩埚对CaO-Al2O3-MgO-SiO2系矿渣微晶玻璃结构与性能的影响

以白云鄂博二次选后尾矿、高炉渣和粉煤灰为主要原料,采用熔融法分别在氧化铝坩埚和石墨坩埚熔制制得CaO-Al2O3-MgO-SiO2 (CAMS)系微晶玻璃,利用DSC、XRD、SEM、EDS、ICAP、XPS等测试手段,研究了不同坩埚熔制对微晶玻璃成分、显微结构及性能的影响.研究表明:高温玻璃熔液对氧化铝坩埚的侵蚀作用及石墨坩埚的还原作用,使基础玻璃中Al2O3和Fe2O3含量发生较大变化,氧化铝坩埚熔制制备的基础玻璃有一个析晶峰,温度为905 ℃,对应的微晶玻璃主晶相为含铁透辉石Ca(Mg,Al) (Si,Al)2O6,而石墨坩埚熔制制备的基础玻璃出现两个析晶峰,温度分别为866℃和805℃,对应的微晶玻璃主晶相透辉石Ca(Mg,Al) (Si,Al)2O6和次晶相柯石英SiO2,由于以上原因导致制备的微晶玻璃在显微结构及理化性能上也存在一定的差异.     

云母/莫来石可加工微晶玻璃的制备与析晶

通过调整SiO2-MgO-Al2O3-K2O-F基础玻璃的组成和热处理条件,制备了云母/莫来石复合可加工微晶玻璃.应用扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射技术研究了可加工微晶玻璃的析晶特征.结果表明:添加3.0;ZnO(质量分数)的基础玻璃析出了锌尖晶石相,而锌尖晶石的析出抑制莫来石相的形成,没有得到云母/莫来石复合材料.当玻璃中添加3.0;的V2O5后,在试样中同时析出莫来石和云母晶体,但没有形成莫来石/云母复合的组织.含V2O5 8.0;的玻璃在等温析晶中,从表面析出莫来石和粗大枝状的云母晶体,云母间相互交错程度较低,只有在随炉升温的情况下,云母晶体以莫来石相为核心异质生长,形成均匀分布的云母/莫来石复合微晶玻璃材料.     

SiO2-Al2O3-MgO-F系微晶玻璃的受压析晶

用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究了SiO2-Al2 O3-MgO-F系块状玻璃在受压条件下的析晶特征.采用高温熔融法制备基础玻璃,在热处理过程中施加压力制备微晶玻璃.结果表明:样品在热压过程中析出主要晶体为云母相,施加压力对析出晶体的种类影响不大.但是不同阶段施加压力对析出晶体的形态有显著的影响,在核化阶段施压可以形成晶体的定向生长,在晶化阶段施压对晶体的择优生长有较大影响.但是仅在核化阶段施压,卸载后再析晶则会降低晶体择优长大的趋势.     

Yb: YAG微晶玻璃的制备与性能研究

本文采用高温熔融工艺,制备Yb~(3+)掺杂的32CaO-(13-x)Y_2O_3-24Al_2O_3-31SiO_2-xYb_2O_3 (x＝0.5～2)系统玻璃,并在高温下进行去应力退火.用DTA确定样品的热处理温度,XRD分析热处理后样品的相变.用TEM观察1000 ℃热处理后的样品,在室温下测试1000 ℃热处理后玻璃的吸收光谱.结果表明:玻璃在1000 ℃热处理24 h后,产生单一的YAG相微晶颗粒;热处理前后样品光谱特性的变化表明热处理后掺杂的Yb~(3+)择优进入YAG晶格中,得到了透明的Yb: YAG微晶玻璃.     

高性能铁磁性微晶玻璃析晶机理及磁性研究

以白云鄂博东尾矿及粉煤灰等固体废弃物为主要原料制备得到了性能优异的微晶玻璃.利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)及高分辨率透射电镜(HRTEM)等测试手段揭示了微晶玻璃的形核及析晶过程.结果表明,热处理过程中磁铁矿晶核首先析出,主晶相辉石相可在磁铁矿晶核上生长.通过调整氧化铁含量可改变微晶玻璃的析晶、物化及磁学特性.随氧化铁含量的增加,微晶玻璃的析晶特性及物化性能均有所降低,但磁学特性有所提高.在高氧化铁含量的微晶玻璃中,磁铁矿相与辉石相可以同时存在,微晶玻璃的磁性主要来源于磁铁矿相.     

不同冷却方式黄磷炉渣微晶玻璃析晶动力学研究

以水淬黄磷炉渣和自然冷却态黄磷炉渣为研究对象,采用熔融法制备CaO-Al2O3-SiO2系微晶玻璃.通过差热分析、X射线衍射和扫描电镜,并利用修正后的Johnson-Mehl-Avrami (JMA)方程和Augis-Bennett方程,分析了不同冷却方式下黄磷炉渣制备微晶玻璃的析晶规律.结果表明:不同冷却方式对微晶玻璃的析晶行为有所不同,水淬黄磷炉渣微晶玻璃的析晶活化能E为352.609 kJ/mol,自然冷却黄磷炉渣微晶玻璃的析晶活化能E为405.685kJ/mol;两种不同冷却方式的黄磷炉渣微晶玻璃的晶化机制均为三维体积晶化.水淬黄磷炉渣微晶玻璃中主晶相为硅灰石(CaSiO3)并含有少量的石英矿物;自然冷却黄磷炉渣微晶玻璃中主晶相为钙蔷薇辉石类(Ca(Mn2,Ca)Si2O6)和含铁硅灰石类固溶体((Ca,Fe) SiO3).以自然冷却渣制备的微晶玻璃性能优于水淬渣制备出的微晶玻璃.     

微波加热制备含稀土(La2O3)矿渣微晶玻璃研究

利用矿渣制备微晶玻璃是提高矿产资源利用率的主要形式之一。本文以白云鄂博尾矿为原料,采用微波一步法制备了CaO-MgO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂(CMAS)系辉石相矿渣微晶玻璃。选择835 ℃作为晶化温度,研究了微波加热对微晶玻璃析晶行为和微观组织的影响。以La₂O₃作为研究变量探讨了La₂O₃添加对矿渣微晶玻璃析晶行为的作用。与传统的热处理制度相比,微波加热可以在较短的时间内达到较高的析晶效果。同时La₂O₃的添加促进了晶粒细化。由拉曼光谱分析,La离子添加会导致玻璃网络中桥氧的增多,促进了辉石相析晶。在La的添加量为4%(质量分数)时硬度最高,达到了829.22 MPa。     

晶核剂P2O5对CaO-Al2O3-SiO2系黄磷炉渣微晶玻璃析晶的影响

采用熔融法以自然冷却黄磷炉渣为主要原料,P2O5为晶核剂,制备了黄磷炉渣微晶玻璃.利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、差热分析(DTA)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等分析技术手段,探究了晶核剂P2O5(以KH2PO4的形式引入)对黄磷炉渣微晶玻璃晶化行为及物化性能的影响规律.结果表明:黄磷炉渣基础玻璃的析晶峰温度Tp及析晶活化能E随着P2O5晶核剂的增加呈现先减小后增大的趋势;当晶核剂P2O5加入量达到4wt;时,黄磷炉渣基础玻璃的析晶峰温度Tp及析晶活化能E最小,析晶效果最优,物化性能最优;主晶相硅灰石(CaSiO3)并不随着晶核剂P2O5加入量的增大而发生改变,同时能够促进晶相氟磷灰石(Ca5(PQ)3F)生成.     

Vitrification of wastes and preparation of chemically stable sintered glass-ceramic products

The present work illustrates the conversion of wastes, such as panel glass from dismantled cathode ray tubes, mining residues from feldspar excavation and lime from fume abatement systems in the glass industry, into two glasses which were subjected to a sinter-crystallization process. The surface mechanism of nucleation, starting from finely ground powders (<37 μm), allowed a rapid crystallization at a relatively low temperature (2 h at 880 °C). This resulted in with the preparation of glass-ceramics possessing a mechanical properties (bending strength and microhardness exceeding 60 MPa and 6.3 GPa, respectively) comparable to that of commercial glass-ceramics and natural stones for building applications, coupled with a good chemical durability. This feature, together with the type of crystals developed, was correlated to the fluorine content of the parent glasses.     

A new class of infrared transmitting glass-ceramics based on controlled nucleation and growth of alkali halide in a sulphide based glass matrix

Oxides-based glass-ceramics have been intensively studied and while they exhibit exceptional thermo-mechanical properties, their transparency in the infrared is limited to the 3 μm region. In this paper we describe a new type of glass-ceramics which are transparent up to 11 μm and based on the controlled nucleation and crystallization of cesium chloride sub-micron particles inside a Ge-Sb-S glass matrix. The evolution of the optical transmission versus annealing time and temperature has been investigated. Observations under scanning electronic microscopy as well as X-ray diffraction indicate that the crystalline phase is a primitive cubic cell with a parameter slightly inferior to that of pure CsCl and that the grain sizes are about 100 nm. A preliminary test on fracture propagation shows a much better resistance of glass-ceramics to cracks than the corresponding pure glass matrix.     

复合晶核剂对黄磷炉渣微晶玻璃析晶的影响

以黄磷炉渣为主要原料,通过添加不同种类的复合晶核剂,采用熔融法制备了黄磷炉渣微晶玻璃.借助化学热力学软件FactSage 6.4模拟计算晶相类型,借助Kissinger方程分析析晶能力,利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)进行验证.结果表明:相比添加单一晶核剂TiO2,复合晶核剂TiO2+CaF2或复合晶核剂TiO2+P2O5均能够降低黄磷炉渣基础玻璃的析晶活化能E,促进其析晶,复合晶核剂TiO2+Cr2O3能够提高黄磷炉渣基础玻璃的析晶活化能E,抑制其析晶;无论添加单一晶核剂TiO2,还是添加复合晶核剂TiO2+CaF2、复合晶核剂TiO2+P2O5或复合晶核剂TiO2+Cr2O3,黄磷炉渣微晶玻璃晶相类型相同,主晶相为硅灰石(CaSiO3),副晶相为铝透辉石(Ca(Mg,Al)(Si,Al)2O6)和氟磷灰石(Ca5(PO4)3F),这与化学热力学软件FactSage 6.4模拟计算结果基本一致.     

Observation of nucleation effect on crystallization in lithium aluminosilicate glass by viscosity measurement

The crystal nucleation effect in lithium aluminosilicate glasses was investigated by the viscosity measurement with aid of the fiber elongation method. The abrupt increase of viscosity due to the crystallization of glass was observed in viscosity-temperature curve but the minimum viscosity temperature (T_η) related with crystallization showed a strong dependence on the nucleation state such as nucleation temperature, nucleation time and heating rate. The results by viscosity agreed well with those of DTA. The nucleation effect on the microstructure of glass-ceramics was also discussed. Finally, the nucleation effect on the crystallization kinetics was approached quantitatively by calculating the crystal volume from viscosity value.     

Effect of heat-treatment condition on crystallization behavior and thermal expansion coefficient of Li2O-ZnO-Al2O3-SiO2-P2O5 glass-ceramics

Utilizing P₂O₅ as nucleation agent, a Li₂O-ZnO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ glass was prepared by conventional melt quenching technique and subsequently converted to glass-ceramics with different crystal phases. During the processing, two-step heat-treatments including nucleation and crystallization were adopted. The effects of heat-treatment on the crystal type, the microstructure and the thermal expansion behavior of the glass-ceramics were studied by means of differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray powder diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy and thermal expansion coefficient tests. It was shown that the crystallization of occurred after the glass was treated at 580 °C. As the temperature increased from 580 °C to 630 °C, cristobalite and were identified as main and second crystal phases, respectively, in the glass-ceramic. An increase in the temperature to 700 °C, the β-quartz solid solution in the glass-ceramic accompanied by a decrease in cristobalite content. The transformation from to γ₀-Li₂ZnSiO₄ took place from 700 °C to 750 °C. The resulting crystallization phases in the glass-ceramics obtained at the temperature higher than 750 °C were β-quartz solid solution and γ₀-Li₂ZnSiO₄. The glass-ceramics containing or β-quartz solid solution crystal phase possessed a microstructure formed by the development of dendritic crystals. The thermal expansion coefficient of the glass-ceramics varied from 36.7 to 123.8 × 10⁻⁷ °C⁻¹ in the temperature range of 20-400 °C, this precise value is dependent on the type and the proportion of the crystalline phases presented.     

Effect of crystal content on the properties of willemite glass-ceramics

Helium permeability, thermal expansion properties, and density have been measured for a series of glass-ceramics based on willemite as a lone crystalline phase. These glass-ceramics were prepared such that the compositions of both the glassy and crystalline phases were fixed, and only the relative concentrations of glass and crystal varied. Results of this study demonstrate that the helium permeability and glass transformation temperature of glass-ceramics are controlled by the glassy phase composition, whereas the density, thermal expansion coefficient, and dilatometric softening temperature are a function of both phases. All of these conclusions can be explained readily by simple continuity and mixing arguments.     

Controlled crystallization and ionic conductivity of a nanostructured LiAlGePO4 glass–ceramic

A Li_1.5[Al_0.5Ge_1.5(PO₄)₃] glass composition was subjected to several crystallization treatments to obtain glass–ceramics with controlled microstructures. The glass transition (T_g), crystallization onset (T_x) and melting (T_m) temperatures of the parent glass were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The glass has a reduced glass transition temperature T_gr = T_g/T_m = 0.57 indicating the possibility of internal nucleation. This assumption was corroborated by the similar DSC crystallization peaks from monolithic and powder samples. The temperature of the maximum nucleation rate was estimated by DSC. Different microstructures were produced by double heat treatments, in which crystal nucleation was processed at the estimated temperature of maximum nucleation rate for different lengths of time. Crystals were subsequently grown at an intermediate temperature between T_g and T_x. Single phase glass–ceramics with Nasicon structures and grain sizes ranging from 220 nm to 8 μm were then synthesized and the influence of the microstructure on the electrical conductivity was analysed. The results showed that the larger the average grain size, the higher the electrical conductivity. Controlled glass crystallization allowed for the synthesis of glass–ceramics with fine microstructures and higher electrical conductivity than those of ceramics with the same composition obtained by the classical sintering route and reported in literature.