一种重复观测低信噪比光谱的处理方法

目前我国LAMOST光谱巡天已发布超过760万条的天体光谱,对其中大量的低信噪比光谱的处理一直是业内公认的难题。针对天体光谱中重复观测的光谱,提出了一种新的处理方法。该方法的主要内容为：对每一组重复观测光谱,选择其红移值的差距在一定范围内的组别,然后使用一种基于信噪比加权的最优叠加方法来提高光谱的信噪比。通过对LAMOST DR4中所有重复观测光谱进行处理,证明该方法对于提高低信噪比重复观测光谱的信噪比十分有效。使7 571组恒星光谱的信噪比达到参数测量的标准,3 357组类星体和星系光谱的信噪比得到提高,平均提高率为56.38%;并且获得了43 021个双星候选体。     

取样平均法提高CCD多道探讨器信噪比

应用取样平均法有效地提高了ＣＣＤ光学多道探测器信噪比，当采样次数为ｍ时，信噪比提高√ｍ倍，应用于实验得到了高信噪比的各种光谱谱图。     

提高DS法无创血液成分检测信噪比的方法与分析

为了提高血液成分无创检测精度,增加预测模型稳定性,对基于动态光谱(dynamic spectrum,DS)的血液成分无创检测仪器和预处理方法进行了定量信噪比分析与实验验证。在DS数据提取时加入boxcar积分器、降低波长分辨率、均衡DS信噪比和剔除粗大误差等预处理方法,使得各个波段上的DS数据信噪比得以均衡,提高了DS的总体信噪比。利用DS数据采集平台对两名志愿者连续多次测试,同一个体的DS数据相关度分别从0.934和0.953分布提高到了0.991和0.987,而不同个体间DS数据相关度与同一个体DS数据相关度差距也显著增加, 结果表明这些方法可以提高DS数据信噪比。无创血液成分检测信噪比定量分析可有效指导预处理方法的选择,为无创血液成分检测的临床应用创造了条件。     

Bi系高温超导磁共振成像射频接收线圈的成像研究

射频接收线圈是磁共振成像系统输入通道的第一级,提高接收线圈的信噪比可以提高系统的图像质量.对于低场磁共振成像系统,如果能够降低常规铜接收线圈的等效串联电阻,就能够提高其信噪比.由于高温超导材料的直流电阻为零,交流传输损耗也远小于铜,采用高温超导材料制作磁共振接收线圈能够提高信噪比.本文采用Bi2223带材,设计、制作了超导接收线圈,并在0.23 T的磁共振成像系统中进行了成像实验.结果表明,超导接收线圈的图像信噪比比常规铜线圈提高约76%.     

虚拟接收目标定位技术中引导声源对目标声源的信噪比补偿

目标声源的低信噪比是目标定位技术中的瓶颈。在浅海近似均匀环境中,利用虚拟接收方法对声源测距的目标定位方法相比于传统的匹配场定位方法可以避免对环境参数和声场模型的依赖,同时省去生成拷贝场时的大量计算。通过数值模拟和实验数据处理,比较了在虚拟接收方法声源测距中不同信噪比的引导声源对目标声源测距的结果。提高引导声源的信噪比,可以一定程度上提高于涉条纹清晰度,从而提高测距准确度。提高引导声源的信噪比可作为目标声源的信噪比补偿是利用虚拟接收方法的目标定位技术的又一个优点。      

信号延时叠加提高激光雷达探测信噪比

以激光雷达回波信号的频谱特征为基础,提出了用信号延时叠加来提高激光雷达探测信噪比的方法.通过实验测量获取了大量激光雷达回波信号,并以此为基础,讨论了信号延时叠加提高激光雷达探测信噪比的可行性.结果表明:在系统带宽50 MHz、回波脉宽30 ns的条件下,通过信号延时叠加可提高激光雷达的探测信噪比在40%以上,且存在最佳的延时时间.     

干涉成像系统信噪比的统计分析

根据统计光学建立了干涉成像系统信噪比的理论模型,数值分析了干涉成像系统信噪比与系统参数之间的关系。分析结果表明:为了提高系统的信噪比,应提高信号光场强度与噪声光场强度之比,使参考光和测试光光强接近相等,降低系统中光学元件的数量和每个元件的偏差,使光源相干长度约为测试光和参考光间光程差的2～5倍。要使信噪比大于10,则要求系统中光学元件总偏差的标准差小于1/4波长。信噪比的统计理论模型可为干涉成像系统设计和干涉测量提供理论指导。     

摄象管的信噪比分析

本文首先推导出了显示信噪比的数学表达式。在此基础上,对提高信噪比的途径作了分析,提出了研制并采用大靶面的返束管是未来高质量广播电视的一条发展途径。最后,应用信噪比表达式作出了几组有用的曲线。     

小波双线性插值搜索算法及其在光学遥感图像中的应用

详细分析了在小波双线性插值中高频外推阈值门限与峰值信噪比的变化关系,提出了基于峰值信噪比最大的小波双线性插值搜索算法。提出的算法能够自动搜索到峰值信噪比最大的高频外推最佳阈值门限,实现了在不破坏光学遥感图像原始信息的情况下,提高了图像的空间分辨率,有利于对图像的细节信息进行观察分析。实验结果表明:该算法能够得到比双线性插值和全小波插值更高的峰值信噪比、熵值和更好的图像细节效果,是一种适合提高光学遥感图像分辨率的有效算法。     

腔增强热里德伯原子光谱

高精度里德伯原子光谱在研究里德伯原子间的相互作用、里德伯能级结构、电磁场的精密测量等方面具有重要的应用价值,里德伯原子光谱对比度、信噪比的提高和线宽的压窄是获得高灵敏测量的基础.本文通过理论和实验研究了腔增强的里德伯原子光谱,与自由空间的光谱相比实现了在光谱线宽不变情况下11.5倍的光谱对比度和信噪比的提高.其原因是在双光子共振处产生的电磁诱导透明和光泵浦效应会导致腔内原子对探测光吸收的减弱,提高了光学腔的阻抗匹配效率,从而使进入腔内的光强增大,因此提高了里德伯原子光谱的对比度和信噪比,提高的倍数取决于探测光穿过原子的透射率.预期通过优化铯原子温度,光谱的对比度和信噪比能够提高23倍.本工作为提高里德伯原子光谱的对比度和基于里德伯原子的精密测量灵敏度提供了参考.     

改善光源光谱特性提高光学多道分析器用于吸收光谱测量的信噪比

本文报道通过改善热辐射光源光谱特性,相对提高短波辐射光强,以提高ＣＣＤ光学多道分析器在可见区特别是短波段吸收光谱的信噪比。改善后光源的短波辐射信噪比比一般热辐射光源提高约８倍。实验证实用此光源易在整个可见光区得到高信噪比的吸收光谱曲线。     

A pitch-synchronous analysis of hoarseness in running speech

A method of pitch-synchronous acoustic analysis of hoarseness requiring a voice sample of only four fundamental periods is presented. This method calculates a noise-to-signal (N/S) ratio, which indicates the depth of valleys between harmonic peaks in the power spectrum. The spectrum is calculated pitch synchronously from a Fourier transform of the signal, windowed through a continuously variable Hanning window spanning exactly four fundamental periods. A two-stage procedure is used to determine the exact duration of the four fundamental periods. An initial estimate is obtained using autocorrelation in the time domain. A more precise estimate is obtained in the frequency domain by minimizing the errors between the preliminary calculated power spectrum and the predicted spectrum spread of a windowed harmonic signal. Analysis of synthesized voices showed that the N/S ratio is sensitive to additive noise, jitter, and shimmer, and is insensitive to slow (8 Hz) modulation in fundamental frequency and amplitude. An analysis of pre- and postoperative voices of six patients with benign laryngeal disease showed that the N/S ratio for vowel /u/ in running speech consistently improved after surgery for all subjects, in agreement with their successful therapeutic results.     

The NMR spectra of samples dissolved in liquid-crystalline phases: automatic analysis with the aid of multiple quantum spectra--the case of flexible molecules

Homonuclear N(S) = 0 and heteronuclear N(S) not equal 0 multiple quantum spectra, involving changes in the magnetic number m(I) by (N(I)-1), (N(I) - 2), and (N(I)-3), with N(I) and N(S) the number of interacting nuclei of magnetogyric ratio gamma(I) and gamma(S), are used for the automatic analysis of (1)H NMR spectra of flexible molecules dissolved in liquid-crystalline phases. The automatic procedure has been applied to study molecules of general formula Ph-CH(2)-X starting from a parameter set having all the spectral parameters set to zero. The results of such an analysis are then used as starting parameters for analysis of the single quantum spectrum. The method was first tested when X = Br and X = H in order to compare strategies differing for the types of parameters used and was then applied to the analysis of 3-phenylprop-1-yne.     

动态光散射系统最佳光接收孔径比研究

从动态光散射（Dynamic Light Scattering,DLS）光接收系统的空间相干性出发,推导了干涉信号的表达式并对系统的噪音进行了全面的分析.在环境温度恒定且光电倍增管（Photomultipier Tube ,PMT）良好冷却的条件下,PMT的泊松随机噪音为系统主要噪音.利用光子统计理论推导了PMT的噪音,得到其输出的功率信噪比并计算了功率信噪比最大时的接收孔径比.实验表明,通过调整两固定孔间的距离, PMT输出的功率信噪比可达到最大.由不同孔径比实验计算得到的自相关函数证明了理论的合理性.     

Electronic transport in mesoscopic superconductor/2D electron gas junctions in strong magnetic field

The hybrid superconductor/2D electron gas (S/2DEG) structures based on InGaAs-InP hetero-junctions with a high-mobility 2D electron gas and superconducting NbN electrodes have been investigated. The electronic transport and current-voltage characteristics of S/2DEG/normal metal (S/2DEG/N) structures in strong perpendicular magnetic fields have been studied. Oscillations in the magnetoresistance of S/2DEG/N structures have been found in strong magnetic fields. It is shown that at bias voltages lower than the superconducting gap the amplitude of oscillations in S/2DEG/N structures significantly exceeds the oscillation amplitude in the reference N/2DEG/N samples. The experimental results can be explained within the quasiclassical theory of magnetotransport in S/2DEG structures developed by N.M. Chtchelkatchev and I.S. Burmistrov (Phys. Rev. B, 2007, vol. 75, 214 510).     

Denoising NMR time-domain signal by singular-value decomposition accelerated by graphics processing units

We present a post-processing method that decreases the NMR spectrum noise without line shape distortion. As a result the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio of a spectrum increases. This method is called Cadzow enhancement procedure that is based on the singular-value decomposition of time-domain signal. We also provide software whose execution duration is a few seconds for typical data when it is executed in modern graphic-processing unit. We tested this procedure not only on low sensitive nucleus ²⁹Si in hybrid materials but also on low gyromagnetic ratio, quadrupole nucleus ⁸⁷Sr in reference sample Sr(NO₃)₂. Improving the spectrum S/N ratio facilitates the determination of T/Q ratio of hybrid materials. It is also applicable to simulated spectrum, resulting shorter simulation duration for powder averaging. An estimation of the number of singular values needed for denoising is also provided.     

浓度序列对基于双异步正交样品设计构建的二维异步谱峰信噪比的影响

双异步正交样品设计(DAOSD)是通过对样品体系施加浓度的微扰,诱导光谱信号产生动态变化,并通过数学处理研究样品中物质间相互作用的二维相关光谱方法。提高二维谱图的信噪比对于谱图中交叉峰的分辨乃至物质间相互作用的考察有着十分重要的意义。通过计算机模拟考察了DAOSD构建二维相关光谱的方法中样品浓度序列对光谱行为影响。结果表明,在溶液数量较少的情况下,通过改变样品的浓度和组合顺序,可以有效提高交叉峰的信噪比,从而得到更高质量的二维谱图。     

分布型光纤拉曼光子温度传感器系统的测温精度

在分布型光纤拉曼光子温度传感器（ＤＯＦＲＰＴＳ）系统中,自发拉曼光子是温度信息的载体,在２ｋｍ光纤上实时采样１０００个点,用于空间温度场分布的测量。系统采用拉曼光时域反射技术,对所测点进行定位。对分布光纤拉曼光子温度传感器系统的测温精度进行了讨论,由系统的信噪比来确定测温精度,提出了改善测温精度的方法,实际系统的测温精度达±１℃。     

Mixing of 28 THz (10.7 μm) CO2-laser radiation by nanometer thin-film NiNiONi diodes with difference frequencies up to 176 GHz

Difference frequencies up to 176 GHz between CO₂-laser transitions at 28 THz (10.7 μm) are generated by thin-film nanometer-scale Ni---NiO---Ni diodes (MOM, MIM) with integrated bow-tie antennas and rhodium waveguides. A signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio of 47 dB was measured for a 58.7 GHz difference frequency and a 100 kHz bandwidth, while a S/N ratio of 14 dB was observed for a 176.2 GHz difference frequency and a 300 kHz bandwidth. The frequencies reported are considerably higher than those reported previously for thin-film diodes. The comparison of the mixing signals for the antenna parallel and perpendicular to the E-polarization of the infrared radiation yields a ratio of over 34 dB. These results imply the extension of millimeter-wave techniques to the infrared.     

采用光纤技术实现拉曼光谱和扫描隧道显微镜实时联用测试

设计并制作了与扫描隧道显微镜（ＳＴＭ）探头和拉曼光谱仪相适配的光纤探测装置，该装置采用配有不很短焦距的自聚焦透镜以获得较大的相对孔径，并使用多束光纤以充分利用扫描隧道显微镜探针周围有限空间，提高了拉曼散射光的收集效率，获得具有较高信噪比的拉曼谱图，在该装置的基础上进一步建立拉曼－扫描隧道显微镜联用系统，初步实验表明该联用系统用于实时研究固／气和固／液界面体系是可行的，即利用扫描隧道显微镜可获得固体