钙钛矿型LaxSr1－xNi1－yCoyO3光电催化活性研究

用甘氨酸-硝酸盐燃烧合成法, 制备La_xSr_1－xNi_1－yCo_yO₃复合氧化物的陶瓷粉末, 对钙钛矿氧化物进行了XRD结构分析. 在通氧或不通氧下测试氧还原和氧析出的循环伏安曲线. 结果表明: 该氧电极具有双功能催化特性, 但不完全可逆. 利用汞灯作为激发光源, 进行几种水溶性染料和五种混合染料光解实验, 利用紫外-可见、红外以及人工神经网络光度法研究La_xSr_1－xNi_1－yCo_yO₃的催化性能. 结果表明: La_xSr_1－xNi_1－yCo_yO₃ (x＝0.7, 0.9, 1; y＝0.3, 0.75)复合氧化物都具有较强光催化特性; La_xSr_1－xNi_1－yCo_yO₃的光催化活性高于La_xSr_1－xNiO₃, 这与B位离子(Ni^2—, Co^2－)的电子构型有关; Co^2＋的加入可使La_xSr_1－xNiO₃的光催化活性有所提高.     

空气中合成固溶体荧光粉Ba2(Zn, Mg)Si2O7:Ce3+,Eu2+,Eu3+及其发光特性

采用高温固相法在空气中合成了Ba_1.97-yZn_1-xMg_xSi₂O₇:0.03Eu,yCe³⁺系列荧光粉。分别采用X-射线衍射和荧光光谱对所合成荧光粉的物相和发光性质进行了表征。在紫外光330~360 nm激发下,固溶体荧光粉Ba_1.97-yZn_1-xMg_xSi₂O₇:0.03Eu的发射光谱在350~725 nm范围内呈现多谱峰发射,360和500 nm处有强的宽带发射属于Eu²⁺离子的4f⁶5d¹-4f⁷跃迁,590~725 nm红光区窄带谱源于Eu³⁺的⁵D₀-⁷F_J (J=1,2,3,4)跃迁,这表明,在空气气氛中,部分Eu³⁺在Ba_1.97-yZn_1-xMg_xSi₂O₇基质中被还原成了Eu²⁺;当x=0.1时,荧光粉Ba_1.97Zn_0.9Mg_0.1Si₂O₇:0.03Eu的绿色发光最强,表明Eu³⁺被还原成Eu²⁺离子的程度最大。当共掺入Ce³⁺离子后,形成Ba_1.97-yZn_0.9Mg_0.1Si₂O₇:0.03Eu,yCe³⁺荧光粉体系,其发光随着Ce³⁺离子浓度的增大由蓝绿区经白光区到达橙红区;发现名义组成为Ba_1.96Zn_0.9Mg_0.1Si₂O₇:0.01Ce³⁺,0.03Eu的荧光粉的色坐标为(0.323,0.311),接近理想白光,是一种有潜在应用价值的白光荧光粉。讨论了稀土离子在Ba₂Zn_0.9Mg_0.1Si₂O₇基质中的能量传递与发光机理。     

CeCl3-CdCl2-H2O和CeCl3-CdCl2-HCl-H2O的相平衡

测定了三元系CeCl₃-CdCl₂-H₂O (25 ℃)和四元系CeCl₃-CdCl₂-HCl(～8.4％)-H₂O(25 ℃) 的相平衡溶度数据,绘制了相应的溶度图.该三元系是由5个固相区CdCl₂&;#8226;2.5H₂O(原始盐)、CdCl₂&;#8226;H₂O(原始盐)、6CdCl₂&;#8226;CeCl₃&;#8226;14H₂O、4CdCl₂&;#8226;CeCl₃&;#8226;12H₂O、CeCl₃&;#8226;7H₂O(原始盐)组成的复杂体系.该四元系是由5个固相区CdCl₂&;#8226;H₂O(原始盐)、9CdCl₂&;#8226;CeCl₃&;#8226;19H₂O、6CdCl₂&;#8226;CeCl₃&;#8226;14H₂O、4CdCl₂&;#8226;CeCl₃&;#8226;12H₂O、CeCl₃&;#8226;7H₂O(原始盐)组成的复杂体系.其中6CdCl₂&;#8226;CeCl₃&;#8226;14H₂O在该三元系是介稳化合物.9CdCl₂&;#8226;CeCl₃&;#8226;19H₂O 、6CdCl₂&;#8226;CeCl₃&;#8226;14H₂O和4CdCl₂&;#8226;CeCl₃&;#8226;12H₂O用X射线粉末衍射及TG-DTG和DSC等方法进行了研究,并对X射线粉末衍射进行了指标化.     

纳米钙钛矿LaxSr1-xFe1-yCoyO3复合氧化物的制备和表征

用甘氨酸-硝酸盐燃烧合成法，制备La_xSr_1-xFe_1-yCo_yO₃复合氧化物的陶瓷粉末，对该钙钛矿型氧化物进行了XRD、IR、紫外漫反射光谱及循环伏安曲线分析。结果表明：该复合氧化物粉体平均晶粒为15.3～29.8 nm,为立方和正交晶系。该氧电极具有双功能催化特性，但不完全可逆。对水溶液染料进行光解实验，利用紫外-可见、人工神经网络光度法研究La_xSr_1-xFe_1-yCo_yO₃的催化性能。结果表明：CO²⁺的加入可使La_xSr_1-xFeO₃的光催化活性有所提高，B位离子(Fe³⁺，CO²⁺)改变与加入，使La_xSr_1-xFe_1-yCo_yO₃(x=0.7，0.3；y=0.3，0.9，1)光催化活性高于La_xSr_1-xFeO₃。同时，对5种染料进行紫外光解，在0.75 h，脱色率大于91%，并为动力学一级反应。     

层状O2结构锂锰氧化物Li0.60[MgxCoyMn1-x-y]O2的制备及结构表征

本文采用离子交换法分别制备了双复合锂锰氧化物Li_0.60[Mg_xMn_1-x]O₂(0.05 ≤ x ≤ 0.15)和三复合锂锰氧化物Li_0.60[Mg_xCo_yMn_1-x-y]O₂(x=0.05，0.05 ≤      

La-Ce对PbTiO3陶瓷气相扩渗生成La2Ti6O15CeTi21O38的陶瓷材料及其电性能

报道了采用气相法对PbTiO₃陶瓷扩渗La-Ce混合稀土元素的研究. 在气相扩渗过程中, La, Ce与PbTiO₃陶瓷组元发生了复杂反应,生成了稀土化合物La₂Ti₆O₁₅和CeTi₂₁O₃₈, 制备出未见报道的La₂Ti₆O₁₅-CeTi₂₁O₃₈-PbTiO₃陶瓷材料, 经测试其导电性能发生了十分显著的变化. La₂Ti₆O₁₅-CeTi₂₁O₃₈-PbTiO₃陶瓷材料的室温电阻率从2.0 ×10¹⁰ W·m下降为0.248 W·m,而且随着温度的变化, 晶粒电阻呈现明显的PTCR效应,而晶界电阻随着温度的升高,呈急剧连续降低状态,总电阻的变化规律与晶界电阻的变化相一致, 试样总电阻的PTCR效应已不存在, 近趋导体. 经XPS测试分析, 进一步证实了La₂Ti₆O₁₅-CeTi₂₁O₃₈-PbTiO₃陶瓷材料中铅、钛等元素均有变价, 因而导致了La₂Ti₆O₁₅-CeTi₂₁O₃₈-PbTiO₃陶瓷材料电阻率的降低, 测试结果还首次给出了La₂Ti₆O₁₅-CeTi₂₁O₃₈-PbTiO₃陶瓷材料中各元素结合能位置的峰值. TG-DTA热分析表明La₂Ti₆O₁₅-CeTi₂₁O₃₈-PbTiO₃陶瓷材料具有较好的高温热稳定性.     

o-ZrW1.6Mo0.4O8·H2O正交相的合成与表征

The precursor ZrW_1.6Mo_0.4O₇(OH)₂(H₂O)₂ was characterized by IR and XRD methods. δ′-ZrW_1.6Mo_0.4O₈ was prepared by careful controlling the annealing conditions from the precursor and was determined to have the formula as o-ZrW_1.6Mo_0.4O₈·H₂O by TG-DSC, IR, and XRD methods. The relation between o-ZrW_1.6Mo_0.4O₈·H₂O and o-ZrW_1.6Mo_0.4O₈ was discussed through variable temperature XRD patterns. Further more, the mechanism of the precursor dehydration was suggested.     

298.15 K Li2B4O7-MgCl2-H2O体系热力学性质的电动势法测定及离子相互作用模型的研究

测定了298.15 K下, 无液接电池Li-ISE│Li₂B₄O₇ (m_A)(aq.), MgCl₂(m_B)(aq.)│AgCl/Ag的电动势, 利用测定结果计算了Li₂B₄O₇-MgCl₂-H₂O体系离子强度在0.05～3 mol•kg^－1范围内, 不同MgCl₂离子强度分数的溶液中LiCl的平均活度系数, 并给出了其随离子强度I, B₄O₇^2－和Mg^2＋浓度的变化规律. 结合以往关于该体系和Li₂B₄O₇-LiCl-H₂O, Li₂B₄O₇-H₂O体系的等压研究结果, 用迭代和多元线性回归方法对Li^＋-Mg^2＋-Cl^－-B₄O₇^2－-H₂O体系的离子相互作用模型进行了研究. 具体方法为考虑了该体系在不同的总硼浓度范围H₃BO₃, B(OH)₄^－, B₃O₃(OH)₄^－和B₄O₅(OH)₄^2－四种含硼化合物的存在以及各硼化合物间的化学平衡, 以修正了的Pitzer渗透系数方程和活度系数方程为基础, 对该体系的等压法和电动势法研究结果进行最小二乘拟合, 拟合的标准偏差为0.0167, 用该模型计算的该体系的渗透系数、活度系数与实验值基本一致.     

由大环配体[As4W40O140]28-与NiII形成的新型超大杂多化合物

在pH = 4.0的水溶液中, NiCl₂·6H₂O, NH₄Cl与Na₂₇[NaAs₄W₄₀O₁₄₀]·60H₂O反应, 得到了新的杂多砷钨酸盐(NH₄)₂₀[Na₂(H₂O)₂Ni(H₂O)₅{Ni(H₂O)}₂As₄W₄₀O₁₄₀]·61H₂O单晶, 用X射线单晶衍射法及元素分析确定了其结构, 晶体属三斜晶系, P¹空间群; 其晶胞参数为: a = 1.33135(18), b = 1.9722(3), c = 3.6430(5) nm, α = 78.010(2)°, β = 82.145(2)°, γ = 74.385(2)°, V = 8.978(2) nm3, Z = 2, R1 = 0.0512, wR2 = 0.0684 (I > 2σ). 在聚阴离子[Na₂(H₂O)₂Ni(H₂O)₅{Ni(H₂O)}₂As₄W₄₀O₁₄₀]^20-中, 2个Ni²⁺和2个Na⁺分占大环配体[As₄W₄₀O₁₄₀]^28-内的4个S2空位, 每个S2位提供4个O_d向金属离子配位, 2个Ni²⁺的配位数为6, 两个Na⁺的配位数分别为5和6, 另一个Ni²⁺处于环外, 与[As₄W₄₀O₁₄₀]^28-的一个端基氧(O_d)桥连成键, 其配位数为6.     

Ce1－xNdxO2－δ固溶体的电子顺磁共振谱和阻抗谱的研究

利用溶胶-凝胶方法在800 ℃焙烧10 h后, 合成了固溶体Ce_1－xNd_xO_2－δ (x＝0.05～0.55), X射线衍射(XRD)测试表明固溶体已经形成立方萤石结构; 电子顺磁共振谱(EPR)研究表明在固溶体Ce_1－xNd_xO_2－δ中随着掺杂量x的增大, Ce^3＋离子含量减少, 说明掺杂Nd^3＋离子可以抑制Ce^4＋的还原; 交流阻抗谱的测量表明固溶体Ce_0.9Nd_0.1O_2－d 具有离子导电特性, 600和700 ℃时的电导率分别为4.25×10^－3和1.12×10^－2 S•cm^－1, 活化能为0.68 eV.     

Some possibilities for the immobilization of enzymes in poly(vinyl acetate-co-ethylene) tubes

The inside surface of poly(vinyl acetate-co-ethylene) tubes was coated with poly(vinyl alcohol) in the absence as well as in the presence of terephthalaldehyde as crosslinking agent. A hydrophilic inside tube surface was obtained, which was modified by reaction with 2, 4, 6-trichloro-s-triazine resp. with 2-(3-aminophenyl)-l,3-dioxolane. The latter method gave reactive tube supports after diazotization resp. after activation with glutardialdehyde. Furthermore, the amino derivative could be reacted with enzyme aggregates formed by reaction of glucose oxidase with 4-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)-benzaldehyde. Trypsin and glucose oxidase were immobilized onto the activated inside tube surfaces, and the properties of the immobilized enzymes were studied. The flow patterns of tube-immobilized trypsin were studied. The application of tube-immobilized glucose oxidase for automated glucose analysis was tested.     

Ring opening of epoxides with alcohols using Fe(Cp)2BF4 as catalyst

Fe(Cp)₂BF₄ is an efficient catalyst for the alcoholysis of aromatic, aliphatic, and cyclic epoxides giving excellent yields of the corresponding β-alkoxy alcohols under ambient conditions. The methanolysis of styrene oxide using Fe(Cp)₂BF₄ as a catalyst (5 mol %) gave excellent yield of 2-methoxy-2-phenylethanol with complete regio-selectivity. The ring opening of cyclic epoxides gave 77–97% yields of trans-β-methoxy alcohols, in 0.5–6 h. The use of 1,2-epoxyhexane and 1,2-epoxydodecane as substrates gave both regioisomers in excellent yields. The first order rate of reaction with respect to catalyst was observed for the kinetics of ring opening of 1,2-epoxyhexane with methanol.     

Electrochemical Redundant Microsensor Arrays for Glucose Monitoring with Patterned Polymer Films

Redundant microsensor arrays for glucose sensing were fabricated using photopolymerization of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEG‐DA) with 2‐hydroxy‐2‐methyl phenyl‐propanone as photoinitiator to encapsulate the enzyme glucose oxidase. Silicon micro fabrication technologies were used to fabricate microelectrode sensor arrays on flexible polyimide sheets. These microarray sensors were individually addressable as observed using square‐wave voltammetry. Redox polymer, poly[4‐vinylpyridine Os(bipyridine)₂Cl]‐co‐ethylamine, was first immobilized on the electrode surface and then glucose oxidase was entrapped in PEG‐DA hydrogels. The redox polymer was found to exchange electrons with glucose oxidase in biocompatible PEG‐DA hydrogels. The entrapped glucose oxidase was found to respond linearly to glucose in solution (0–20 mM) as determined using square‐wave voltammetry.     

再生丝素和聚乙烯醇混合膜的结构、性能及其葡萄糖传感器的应用

用扫描电镜分析了再生丝素(RSF)和聚乙烯醇(PVA)混合膜的形貌结构,并测定了其吸水性和机械强度,用RSF和PVA的混合材料把葡萄糖氧化酶固定在玻碳电极表面,制成电流型葡萄糖传感器,以1,4-苯醌为电子传递体,酶电极对葡萄糖有灵敏的响应,峰电流的增加与葡萄糖的浓度在10^-5～10^-2mol/L范围内有良好的线性关系。用此方法制成的葡萄糖传感器物理性能好,其有效寿命长达2个月以上。该酶电极对葡萄糖的响应时间小于20s.     

A novel insertion reaction of epoxy compounds into phenyl ester linkages in polymer chains

The insertion reaction of various epoxy compounds such as phenyl glycidyl ether (PGE), methyl glycidyl ether, butyl glycidyl ether (BGE), and styrene oxide into the phenyl ester linkage in the polymer chain was investigated using quaternary ammonium salts as catalysts in diglyme, anisole, sulfolane, o-dichlorobenzene, or DMSO at 100–150°C. The reaction of PGE with poly[4-(4-nitrobenzoyloxy)styrene] (polymer 1a ) proceeded almost quantitatively to give the corresponding polymer using tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB) as catalyst in diglyme at 100°C for 24 h. The reactions of BGE with poly(4-nitrophenyl methacrylate), and copolyarylate derived from 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane and iso- and terephthaloyl chlorides also produced the corresponding polymers with 86 and 89 mol% new structural units, respectively, using TBAB in sulfolane at 150°C for 24 h. Furthermore, it was found that the degree of insertion of the epoxy compound into the ester linkage in the polymer chain was affected by the kind of epoxy compound, reaction solvent, catalyst concentration, substituent group on the phenyl ester, and structure of the polymer. Chiral polymers were also synthesized with high degrees of insertion by the reaction of chiral epoxides such as (R)-1,2-epoxyhexane, (R)-1,2-epoxyheptane, and (R)-1,2-epoxydecane with polymer 1a and poly(2,4-dichlorophenyl methacrylate) using TBAB in diglyme at 120°C for 24 h.     

One-step electropolymeric co-immobilization of glucose oxidase and heparin for amperometric biosensing of glucose

Electropolymerization was used for the co-deposition of glucose oxidase and heparin onto metal electrode transducers. Such electropolymeric co-entrapment within a non-conducting poly(1,2-phenylenediamine) (PPD) film imparts both biocatalytic and anticoagulation activities onto the transducer, and greatly improves the performance of the sensor after exposure to whole blood. Essentially identical glucose signals are observed before and after exposure to blood samples. Scanning electron micrographs after such exposure reveal no platelet deposition or formation of a fibrin "clot". The effect of the heparin co-immobilization on the glucose response is examined. Improved biocompatibility is reported also in connection with a needle-type carbon paste biosensor configuration. The simultaneous localization of the enzyme and heparin offers great promise for simplifying the preparation of enzyme electrodes and designing biocompatible implantable glucose biosensors.     

Response Behavior of Amperometric Glucose Biosensors Based on Different Carbon Substrate Transducers Coated with Enzyme‐Active Layer: A Comparative Study

Carbon electrodes (glassy carbon, GC, screen‐printed carbon, SPC, and carbon fiber, CF) were used as substrate transducers to prepare glucose biosensors of different sizes and geometries, based on iron‐ruthenium hexacyanoferrate as H₂O₂ reduction mediator and glucose oxidase immobilized in a poly(1,2‐phenylenediamine) membrane. Their response behavior under hydrodynamic amperometric conditions at an operating potential of ?0.02 V vs. Ag/AgCl was studied and compared. While the GC and SPC based conventional size biosensors showed enzymatic catalysis controlled current response with nonlinear concentration dependence, the CF based micro‐biosensor exhibited, due to diffusion‐controlled current response, extended linear range calibration curves with relatively lower sensitivity and longer response times. Several preparation parameters responsible for the improvement of biosensor performance were also investigated.     

Poly(alkylene oxide) ionomers. X. Copolymerization of methyl ω-epoxyalkanoates and characterization of the polymers

Selected methyl ω-epoxyalkanoates ranging from methyl 3,4-epoxybutanoate to methyl 7,8-epoxyoctanoate were copolymerized with a number of oxiranes and with oxetane. Tetrahydrofuran did not take part in the attempted methyl ω-epoxyalkanote–tetrahydrofuran copolymerization, but acted only as the solvent. The oxirane copolymers had polymer compositions similar to the comonomer feed ratio. Oxirane comonomers used were propylene oxide (1,2-epoxypropane), butylene oxide (1,2-epoxybutane), 1,2-epoxyhexane, epichlorohydrin, and phenylglycidyl ether. The initiator system used was triethylaluminum/water/acetylacetone (1.0/0.5/1.0) in about 5 mol %. In the copolymerizations using methyl 3,4-epoxybutanoate as a comonomer, only small yields of polymer (in the range of 1 to 2%) were realized, while for methyl 4,5-epoxypentanoate the yields were generally in the range of 20 to 60%. Methyl 7,8-epoxyoctanoate copolymerized readily and gave yields of copolymers of 50 to 90%.     

1-己烯环氧化合成1,2-环氧己烷研究进展

1,2-环氧己烷是一种具有高附加值的有机化工中间体,广泛应用于聚醚多元醇、非离子表面活性剂和破乳剂等的合成。本文比较了不同氧化体系下1-己烯合成1,2-环氧己烷的反应历程及优缺点,重点介绍了近年来不同1-己烯环氧化催化体系方面的研究进展,包括钛硅分子筛、金属配合物、多金属氧酸盐、金属氧化物、光催化剂、生物催化剂等。指出以过氧化氢/烷基过氧化物为氧化剂的环氧化反应路线是目前最具工业化应用前景的环境友好路线,开发高效稳定的催化剂是未来研究的重点。     

基于蛋壳膜固定酶和纳米银膜光度法对葡萄糖的检测

利用蛋壳膜固定酶和静电作用组装纳米银膜,建立了一种新型的光度法检测微量葡萄糖.采用共价交联法在蛋壳膜上固定葡萄糖氧化酶.酶促反应产生的H_2O_2氧化纳米银导致纳米银膜吸光度减小,日光强度的变化值与葡萄糖浓度有关,据此实现了对葡萄糖的检测.该方法检测快速,线性范围为6.0×10~(-5)～66.0×10~(-5)mol/L(r=0.999 7,n=11),检出限(S/N=3)为1.8×10~(-5) mol/L.方法成功用于临床血清样品中葡萄糖含量的检测.