Efficient long-distance quantum communication using microtoroidal resonators

Based on the interaction between a three-level system and a microtoroidal resonator, we present a scheme for long-distance quantum communication in which entanglement generation with near 0.5 success probability and swaps can be implemented by accurate state detection via measuring about 100 photons. With this scheme the average time of successful entanglement distribution over 2500 km with high fidelity can be decreased to only about 30 ms.     

Single-photon detector for long-distance fiber-optic quantum key distribution

We have investigated the performance of an InGaAs/InP avalanche photodiode for photon counting at 1550 nm in the temperature range of thermoelectric cooling. A quantum efficiency of 13.7% was obtained at -55 degrees C , while the dark-count probability per gate (?1 ns) was kept as small as 2.4x10(-5) . The developed single-photon detector would yield a 104.4-km fiber-optic quantum key distribution in the ideal condition.     

Experimental quantum error rejection for quantum communication

We report an experimental demonstration of a bit-flip error-rejection protocol for error-reduced transfer of quantum information through a noisy quantum channel. In the experiment, an unknown state to be transmitted is encoded into a two-photon entangled state, which is then sent through an engineered noisy quantum channel. At the final stage, the unknown state is decoded by a parity measurement, successfully rejecting the erroneous transmission over the noisy quantum channel.     

Optomechanical spectroscopy with broadband interferometric and quantum cascade laser sources

The spectral tunability of semiconductor-metal multilayer structures can provide a channel for the conversion of light into useful mechanical actuation. Responses of suspended silicon, silicon nitride, chromium, gold, and aluminum microstructures are shown to be utilized as a detector for visible and IR spectroscopy. Both dispersive and interferometric approaches are investigated to delineate the potential use of the structures in spatially resolved spectroscopy and spectrally resolved microscopy. The thermoplasmonic, spectral absorption, interference effects, and the associated energy deposition that contributes to the mechanical response are discussed to describe the potential of optomechanical detection in future integrated spectrometers.     

PPLN waveguide for quantum communication

We report on energy-time and time-bin entangled photon-pair sources based on a periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) waveguide. Degenerate twin photons at 1 314 nm wavelength are created by spontaneous parametric down-conversion and coupled into standard telecom fibers. Our PPLN waveguide features a very high conversion efficiency of about 10^-6, roughly 4 orders of magnitude more than that obtained employing bulk crystals [#!Tanzilli01a!#]. Even if using low power laser diodes, this engenders a significant probability for creating two pairs at a time - an important advantage for some quantum communication protocols. We point out a simple means to characterize the pair creation probability in case of a pulsed pump. To investigate the quality of the entangled states, we perform photon-pair interference experiments, leading to visibilities of 97% for the case of energy-time entanglement and of 84% for the case of time-bin entanglement. Although the last figure must still be improved, these tests demonstrate the high potential of PPLN waveguide based sources to become a key element for future quantum communication schemes. Received 13 July 2001     

长距离长期稳定的量子密钥分发系统

介绍了最近完成的长距离长期稳定的量子密钥分发系统.该系统利用往返光路补偿光纤偏振 抖动和相位漂移的原理,采用结电容平衡魔T网络耦合的单光子探测技术,在506km单模 光纤中实现了长时间（大于12h）稳定的量子密钥分发实验.单脉冲平均光子数为007, 误码率为4%,其中单光子探测器的探测效率大于5%,单脉冲暗计数低于29×10^{-6. 关键词： 量子保密通信 量子密钥分发 单光子探测}     

Triggered qutrits for quantum communication protocols

A general protocol in quantum information and communication relies in the ability of producing, transmitting, and reconstructing, in general, qunits. In this Letter we show for the first time the experimental implementation of these three basic steps on a pure state in a three-dimensional space, by means of the orbital angular momentum of the photons. The reconstruction of the qutrit is performed with tomographic techniques and a maximum-likelihood estimation method. For the tomographic reconstruction we used more than 2400 different projections. In this way we also demonstrate that we can perform any transformation in the three-dimensional space.     

Information trade-offs for optical quantum communication

Recent work has precisely characterized the achievable trade-offs between three key information processing tasks-classical communication (generation or consumption), quantum communication (generation or consumption), and shared entanglement (distribution or consumption), measured in bits, qubits, and ebits per channel use, respectively. Slices and corner points of this three-dimensional region reduce to well-known protocols for quantum channels. A trade-off coding technique can attain any point in the region and can outperform time sharing between the best-known protocols for accomplishing each information processing task by itself. Previously, the benefits of trade-off coding that had been found were too small to be of practical value (viz., for the dephasing and the universal cloning machine channels). In this Letter, we demonstrate that the associated performance gains are in fact remarkably high for several physically relevant bosonic channels that model free-space or fiber-optic links, thermal-noise channels, and amplifiers. We show that significant performance gains from trade-off coding also apply when trading photon-number resources between transmitting public and private classical information simultaneously over secret-key-assisted bosonic channels.     

Optomechanical nanoantenna

We introduce optomechanical nanoantennae, which show dramatic changes in scattering properties by minuscule changes in geometry. These structures are very compact, with a volume 500 times smaller than free-space optical wavelength volume. This deep subwavelength geometry leads to high speed and low switching power. The bandwidth of the device is about 4.4?GHz, with a switching energy of only 35?pJ. Such antenna structures could lead to compact and high-speed all-optical nanoswitches.     

Deterministic six states protocol for quantum communication

We consider a two-way deterministic protocol for quantum communication using six mutually unbiased states in the Poincaré sphere. The logical information is encoded by flip or not-flip operations on the states. Despite the nonexistence of a universal flip gate the protocol saturates the bound of a unitary efficiency. Three eavesdropping strategies are analyzed suggesting better probabilities of detecting an unauthorized adversary.     

远距离量子通信实验中的高维纠缠源

设计了适用于远距离量子通信实验的高维纠缠源.利用连续激光器抽运产生了极化-时间两体四维纠缠光子对,在抽运功率20 mW下测到每秒700对符合,保真度为89%±3%.相比已有的高维纠缠源,在本文中发展的源具有传输便利、相位稳定性好等优点,适用于未来远距离高维量子通信实验和量子力学基本问题实验检验,如远距离高维量子密码实验、两粒子Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger定理检验、两粒子量子赝"心灵感应"(quantum pseudo telepathy)实验演示等. 关键词： 高维纠缠 极化纠缠 时间箱纠缠 量子通信     

Memory-based quantum repeater in quantum information communication

This paper studies the quantum repeater in quantum information communication. We propose to introduce the photon buffer mechanism for storing photons, which uses fibre delay loops as photon memories and a programmable 1×N switcher for distributing photon delay time. Meanwhile, we also consider entanglement purification and entanglement swapping restoration at an entanglement purification or entanglement swapping failure and introduce a protection link mechanism that allows the photonic quantum repeater of a broken connection to initiate a connection restoration process.     

斜射式超声波跨金属厚壁无线通信系统

跨金属无线传输是超声波通信的重要应用场景之一。实际应用中超声波在金属/超声波换能器界面处因反射而造成回波干扰是这类通信系统的天然缺陷。尽管利用回声消除技术能一定程度地克服回波干扰,但这需要调用大量电路硬件或计算资源。该文在超声波跨金属厚壁通信系统中摒弃传统的直射式探头而选用入射角为45°的斜射式探头作为超声波发射和接收换能器,由于斜射式探头偏转了超声波在金属信道内的反射路径,从而大幅降低换能器接收到的回波。在不进行回波消除的前提下,以STM32为主控芯片和自制信号调理电路搭建了一套斜射式超声波跨金属厚壁无线通信系统,同时将之与选用直射式探头作为超声波换能器的通信系统进行对比验证。研究表明,在接收信噪比方面斜射式系统(19.52 dB)远优于直射式系统(9.24 dB),在穿透60 mm的厚铝板时系统实时通信速率达到1.2 Mbit/s,并可实现实时声频传输。     

Master equation for retrodiction of quantum communication signals

We derive the master equation that governs the evolution of the measured state backwards in time in an open system. This allows us to determine probabilities for a given set of preparation events from the results of subsequent measurements, which has particular relevance to quantum communication.     

Maximally efficient protocols for direct secure quantum communication

Two protocols for deterministic secure quantum communication (DSQC) using GHZ-like states have been proposed. It is shown that one of these protocols is maximally efficient and that can be modified to an equivalent protocol of quantum secure direct communication (QSDC). Security and efficiency of the proposed protocols are analyzed and compared. It is shown that dense coding is sufficient but not essential for DSQC and QSDC protocols. Maximally efficient QSDC protocols are shown to be more efficient than their DSQC counterparts. This additional efficiency arises at the cost of message transmission rate.     

Nonadditivity of quantum capacity for multiparty communication channels

We investigate multiparty communication scenarios where information is sent from several senders to several receivers. We establish a relation between the quantum capacity of multiparty communication channels and their distillability properties, which enables us to show that the quantum capacity of such channels is not additive.