2-甲基-2-丁烯二酸单甲酯的合成及其与丙烯腈二元共聚的 表观竞聚率的测定

以柠糠酸酐为原料, 合成了一种可以与丙烯腈(AN, acrylonitrile)共聚的新单体: 2-甲基-2-丁烯二酸单甲酯(MBAME). 以偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN, 2,2’-azobis isobutyronitrile)为引发剂, 70 ℃下引发MBAME与AN在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF, N,N-dimethylformamide)中进行无规共聚, 通过Fineman-Ross法测定了两者在DMF溶液聚合体系的表观竞聚率, γ1(AN)＝7.985, γ2(MBAME)＝0.599, 有助于优化聚丙烯腈基碳纤维用树脂的生产工艺.     

2-甲基丙烯酸(对-硼酸苄)酯的合成及聚合

本文报导含硼的丙烯酸酯类单体2-甲基丙烯酸(对-硼酸苄)酯(V)的合成及聚合,2-甲基丙烯酸(对-硼酸苄)酯在乙醇中,以偶氮二异丁腈为游离基引发剂易于进行溶液聚合反应,聚合物的熔点为320—325℃(变色)。此外,(V)还能与甲基丙烯酸甲酯进行铸板共聚合得到坚韧和透明的有机玻璃,实验表明,含硼的有机玻璃具有较好的耐热性,例如含(V)8％的甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚体的软化温度可达158℃。     

乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯-α-烯烃三元共聚物

以乙烯、醋酸乙烯酯和α-烯烃为原料,以偶氮二异丁腈为引发剂,通过高压本体聚合制备三元聚合物.考察了聚合条件对共聚物数均分子量和醋酸乙酯(VA)质量分数的影响.结果表明:在引发剂用量为1.1g,反应压力为6 MPa,反应温度95℃,醋酸乙烯酯和α-烯烃的质量比为2:1的条件下能得到数均分子量为8 600和VA质量分数为0.35的产物.实验证明该产物性能优良,可作为蜡的添加剂.     

噻唑的研究II.2-γ-氨基-丙基-4-二乙氨基-甲基-噻唑的合成

(一)4-溴代-丁腈與苯隣二羧醯-鉀亞胺在乙醇中互相作用卽得4-(苯隣二羧醯-亞氨基)-丁腈。 (二)4-(苯隣二羧醯-亞氨基)-丁腈與硫化氫起作用卽得4-(苯隣二羧醯-亞氨基)-丁硫醯胺。 (三)4-(苯隣二羧醯-亞氨基)-丁硫醯胺與1,3-二氯代丙酮縮合則成2-(γ-苯隣二羧醯-亞氨基)-正丙基-4-氯代-甲基-噻唑。 (四)2-(γ-苯隣二羧醯-亞氨基)-正丙基-4-氯代-甲基-噻唑與二乙胺起作用卽成2-(γ-苯隣二羧醯-亞氨基)-正丙基-4-N-二乙氨基-甲基-噻唑。後者與聯氨水合物起作用形成2-γ-氨基-正丙基-4-N-二乙氨基-甲基-噻唑。     

3-氧代-4-（2,4,5-三氟苯基）丁腈的合成

以2,4,5-三氟苯乙酸为起始原料,经氯化和酰化反应得2-氰基-3-羟基-4-（2,4,5-三氟苯基）丁-2-烯酸乙酯（2）; 2经水解脱羧合成了3-氧代-4-（2,4,5-三氟苯基）丁腈,总收率61.5%,纯度97.6%,其结构经¹H NMR和MS（ESI）确证。     

含丙磺舒高分子药物的合成与表征

非甾体抗炎药丙磺舒以酯键连接到甲基丙烯酸2-羟乙酯上得含丙磺舒单体HP，HP在偶氮二异丁腈引发下均聚、与甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚合成了含丙磺舒的高分子药物，产物结构经IR，1HNMR和GPC表征。     

高容量分子印迹聚合物的制备及表征

以α-甲基丙烯酸和4-乙烯基吡啶为二元功能单体,乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯为交联剂,偶氮二异丁腈为引发剂,氯仿为致孔剂用本体聚合法合成了甲磺隆分子印迹三元共聚物,并用固相萃取方法对该聚合物在有机相及水相中的键合容量进行了评价,与同一条件用单一单体合成的聚合物的键合容量进行了比较,发现该三元共聚物在有机相中每克聚合物可键合20.5 mg的甲磺隆分子,水相中每克聚合物可键合19.2 mg的甲磺隆分子.采用核磁滴定对三元共聚体系的预聚溶液中分子作用力进行了研究,发现三元体系的预聚溶液中分子间作用力引起的位移变化幅度比二元体系的预聚溶液的变化大很多,这说明形成了更强的作用位点.     

二氧化碳-环氧乙烷-氧化环己烯三元共聚物的制备与性能

采用稀土三元催化剂实现了二氧化碳、氧化环己烯与环氧乙烷的三元共聚,当环氧乙烷和氧化环己烯等摩尔投料时催化活性达到690 g/(mol Zn h),所得三元共聚物的数均分子量达到7.9×104,远程异核多量子相关核磁谱证明所得共聚物主要是无规三元共聚物,其中环氧乙烷-二氧化碳结构单元与氧化环己烯-二氧化碳结构单元相连的全交替结构占26.9%.二氧化碳-氧化环己烯共聚物的脆性导致其熔体加工十分困难,引入环氧乙烷为第三单体进行三元共聚,实现了二氧化碳-氧化环己烯共聚物的增韧,解决了其熔体加工难题,而且改变环氧单体比率能够调节三元共聚物的耐温性能和力学性能,当环氧乙烷与氧化环己烯等摩尔投料时,所得三元共聚物在20℃下的杨氏模量达到(900±17)MPa,拉伸强度为(38±2)MPa,断裂伸长率为(26.3±9.2)%.     

杂环羧酸锌类配合物催化二氧化碳与环氧化合物的三元共聚反应

以2-呋喃甲酸锌(FCA-Zn)、2-噻吩甲酸锌(TCA-Zn)和2-吡啶甲酸锌(PCA-Zn)三种杂环羧酸锌为催化剂,以环氧丙烷(PO)、马来酸酐(MA)和丁内酯(GBL)为第三单体,催化CO2和氧化环己烯(CHO)三元共聚反应,得到脂肪族聚碳酸酯。采用1H-NMR和FT-IR表征了聚合物结构,用GPC测定了聚合物的分子量。所采用催化剂均对三元共聚反应有一定的催化活性,第三单体参与了聚合反应,实现了二氧化碳的三元共聚。     

2-甲基-1-取代苯基-2-丙胺类化合物的简便制备方法

2-甲基-1-取代苯基-2-丙胺是合成β_2肾上腺素受体激动剂类药物的重要中间体.以取代氯化苄为原料,通过与异丁腈发生烷基化反应,所得产物经过水解,Curtius重排和钯碳催化氢化反应,合成了一系列2-甲基-1-取代苯基-2-丙胺.此方法操作简便安全,原料经济易得,产率较高,可以适用于制备多种类型的2-甲基-1-取代苯基-2-丙胺类化合物.     

Surface acidity of the La2O3/Al2O3 system

Surface acidity of aluminium oxide containing 5 wt. % lanthanum oxide has been determined by IR spectroscopy. Strength of Lewis sites of the La₂O₃/Al₂O₃ system was lower than that of pure aluminium oxide. However, the presence of La₂O₃ in aluminium oxide increased the thermostability of these sites in the mixed system.     

Li2O-TiO2-SiO2-P2O5和Li2O-TiO2-Al2O3-P2O5体系锂离子固体电解质的制备及性能研究

一些具有NASICON型网格结构的固体电解质具有高的电导率和好的稳定性,NASICON的意思是Na Super Ionic Conductor[1]。当NaZr2(PO4)3中P5 被Si4 部分取代时便可以得到具有NASICON结构的Na1 xZr2SixP3-xO12体系,其具有高的钠离子电导率。然而有相同结构的Li1 xZr2SixP3-xO12体系的离子电导率却很低,这是因为Li 半径太小,而NASICON三维网格结构的离子通道太大,两者不匹配而使电导率下降[2]。但当LiZr2(PO4)3中Zr4 被离子半径小些的Ti4 取代,所得LiTi2(PO4)3的通道就与Li 半径相匹配,适合于锂离子的迁移,从而使其电导率…     

Effect of inert components (Y2O3, Al2O3, and Ga2O3) on the chemistimulating effect of the Sb2O3 activator of GaAs thermal oxidation

Chemistimilated thermal oxidation of gallium arsenide was studied using Sb₂O₃ activator oxide in compositions with Ga₂O₃, Al₂O₃, and Y₂O₃ inert components. For Sb₂O₃-Y₂O₃ compositions, the thickness of the resulting oxide layer on GaAs was found to be a linear function of composition over the enter range of the compositions. For antimony oxide compositions with Ga₂O₃ and Al₂O₃ inert components, nonadditivities were observed near the component ordinates. For the Sb₂O₃-Ga₂O₃ system, the chemistimulating efficiency noticeably weakened at low concentrations of the inert component. The linear trend observed for this system within 0–60 mol % Sb₂O₃ is additively determined by the oxide layer thickness on GaAs in the presence of Sb₂O₃ and in the absence of activator. In the presence of inert Al₂O₃, the chemistimulating effect was enhanced near the Al₂O₃ ordinate and the resulting function was nonadditive with respect to the thicknesses reached in the presence of the individual components.     

The characterization of Ba3Re2O9 and Sr3Re2O9

The compounds Ba₃Re₂O₉ and Sr₃Re₂O₉ were prepared by the solid state reaction of the corresponding alkaline-earth oxide with ReO₃ at 750 to 900°C in sealed, evacuated, fused silica tubes. The two compounds are isostructural, having the nine-layer ABO₃ structure with vacant central octahedra. The unit cell parameters are given. The magnetic susceptibility for Ba₃Re₂O₉ indicates Curie-Weiss behavior with a Re⁶⁺ moment having localized electrons. The magnetic data for Sr₃Re₂O₉ suggest delocalized electron behavior from its temperature-independent susceptibility. Both compounds appear to have semiconducting properties, but the strontium analog is a better conductor. Both compounds are unstable when heated in air above 400°C. They are readily decomposed by chemical oxidizing agents.     

Al2O3-TiO2二元氧化物的制备条件对酸性的影响

用两种方法制备了Al₂O₃-TiO₂二元氧化物。经不同温度焙烧后,用Hammett指示剂滴定法、吡啶吸附IR法、正丁胺——TPD法对其表面酸性质进行了测定。结果表明：随着Al₂O₃含量增加,Al₂O₃-TiO₂二元氧化物的总酸量、酸强度和L酸比例都增加;随着焙浇温度的增大,总酸量下降,L酸比例和酸强度较大的酸量、百分数则增加。     

Energetics of copper diphosphates – Cu2P2O7 and Cu3(P2O6OH)2

Differential scanning calorimetry and high temperature oxide melt solution calorimetry are used to study enthalpy of phase transition and enthalpies of formation of Cu₂P₂O₇ and Cu₃(P₂O₆OH)₂. α-Cu₂P₂O₇ is reversibly transformed to β-Cu₂P₂O₇ at 338–363 K with an enthalpy of phase transition of 0.15 ± 0.03 kJ mol⁻¹. Enthalpies of formation from oxides of α-Cu₂P₂O₇ and Cu₃(P₂O₆OH)₂ are −279.0 ± 1.4 kJ mol⁻¹ and −538.8 ± 2.7 kJ mol⁻¹, and their standard enthalpies of formation (enthalpy of formation from elements) are −2096.1 ± 4.3 kJ mol⁻¹ and −4302.7 ± 6.7 kJ mol⁻¹, respectively. The presence of hydrogen in diphosphate groups changes the geometry of Cu(II) and decreases acid–base interaction between oxide components in Cu₃(P₂O₆OH)₂, thus decreasing its thermodynamic stability.     

表面覆盖SiO2用于提高Pt-Pd/CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3商用柴油机氧化型催化剂的抗硫性

向Pt-Pd/CeO₂-ZrO₂-Al₂O₃ （Pt-Pd/CZA）商用柴油机氧化型催化剂（DOC）中加入多孔SiO₂以提高其抗硫性. 使用多层涂覆法在Pt-Pd/CZA 催化剂表面覆盖一层多孔SiO₂,从而制得SiO₂/Pt-Pd/CeO₂-ZrO₂-Al₂O₃（SiO₂/Pt-Pd/CZA）抗硫DOC. 并使用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）,H₂程序升温还原（H₂-TPR）,氮气吸脱附,X射线能谱（EDX）和热重分析（TGA）等对其进行表征. SEM结果显示,SiO₂层以多孔形式均匀覆盖在催化剂表面. 氮气吸脱附结果表明,所添加的SiO₂的织构性质与Pt-Pd/CZA 催化剂的织构性质相似,因而表面覆盖的SiO₂并未明显改变Pt-Pd/CZA催化剂的比表面积和孔结构. H₂-TPR结果证实表面覆盖的SiO₂不影响Pt-Pd/CZA催化剂的还原性能. EDX和TGA结果说明表面覆盖SiO₂可以抑制硫物种在催化剂表面的形成及累积. 最终,本文所制备的SiO₂/Pt-Pd/CZA催化剂在保持Pt-Pd/CZA商用DOC的高活性及耐久性的同时有效提高了其抗硫性.     

Synthesis and characterization of inorganic solid electrolytes of Li2O-SiO2-P2O5 and Li2O-TiO2-SiO2-P2O5 systems

The lithium-ion-conducting inorganic solid electrolytes in the oxide systems Li₂O-SiO₂-P₂O₅ and Li₂O-TiO₂-SiO₂-P₂O₅ were prepared by the solid-state reaction, and the electrolyte pellet made by cold-pressing method had diameter of 13 mm and was about 1 mm thick. Phase identification and surface morphology of the products were carried out by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Ionic conductivity of the pellets was investigated through ac impedance. The results show that the adding of other cations can improve the ionic conductivity of the solid electrolyte, and the sintering temperature and duration can influence the ionic conductivity. The maximum ionic conductivity in the samples is 9.9 × 10⁻⁴ S/cm in the Li₂O-TiO₂-SiO₂-P₂O₅ system. Original Russian Text ? W. Li, M. Wang, Z.H. Li, X.F. Shang, H. Wang, Y.W. Wang, Y.B. Xu, 2007, published in Elektrokhimiya, 2007, Vol. 43, No. 11, pp. 1341–1345.     

Growth and characterization of thin films of Y2O3, La2O3 and La2CuO4

Films of Y₂O₃, La₂O₃, and La₂CuO₄ were prepared by an ultrasonic nebulization and pyrolysis method using acetylacetonates of the corresponding metals in alcohol solvents as source materials. Homogeneous, uniform films with good adherence have been obtained using this simple technique. As-deposited yttrium and lanthanum oxide films were poorly crystallized. After postannealing in oxygen at higher temperature, they crystallized into cubic and hexagonal phases, respectively. Transparent yttrium and lanthanum oxide films have high electric breakdown voltages. Single phase polycrystalline La₂CuO₄ thin films were obtained from a source solution with a La:Cu ratio of 2:1.     

A novel germanate, Cu2Fe2Ge4O13, with a four tetrahedra oligomer

The structure of Cu₂Fe₂Ge₄O₁₃, previously thought to be CuFeGe₂O₆, has been determined from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data to be monoclinic, P2₁/m, a=12.1050(6), b=8.5073(4), c=4.8736(2) Å, β=96.145(1)°, Z=2, with R1=0.0231 and wR2=0.0605. The unique structure has an oligomer of four germanate tetrahedra, cross-linked laterally by square-planar copper ions, joined end-to-end by a zigzag chain of edge-sharing iron oxide octahedra. Running along the a-direction the metal oxide chain consists of alternating Cu-Cu and Fe-Fe dimers. A hypothetical series of homologous structures (Cu_n−2Fe₂Ge_nO_3n+1 with n=3,4,…,∞) with different length germanate oligomers is proposed, where as n increases, the infinite chain of the CuGeO₃ is approached. In this context, Cu₂Fe₂Ge₄O₁₃ is viewed as being built from blocks of CuGeO₃ and the Fe oxide chains. This material has significance to the study of low-dimensional mixed-spin systems.