Copper(II)‐Mediated Transformation of a Tridentate Non‐Innocent Ligand into a Tetradentate Salen‐Type Innocent Ligand

A non‐innocent ligand, H₄L, was synthesized by introducing a ? CH₂NH₂ group at the ortho carbon atom to the aniline moiety of 2‐anilino‐4,6‐di‐tert‐butylphenol. The new ligand was characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry techniques. Upon treatment with CuCl₂ ? 2 H₂O, this non‐innocent ligand provided a mononuclear four‐coordinate salen‐type Cu^II complex by complete modification of the ligand backbone. The complex was characterized by IR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, X‐ray single‐crystal diffraction, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, and UV/Vis/near‐IR spectroscopy techniques. X‐ray crystallographic analysis showed an asymmetric environment around the Cu^II center with a small (≈12°) twist between the two biting planes. Analysis of the X‐band EPR spectrum also supported the asymmetric environment and also indicated the presence of an unpaired electron on the d orbital. The UV/Vis/near‐IR spectrum showed strong absorption bands for metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer and ligand‐to‐metal charge transfer along with a Cu^II‐centered d–d transition. Mechanistic investigation of the formation of complex 1 indicated that modification of the ligand backbone proceeded through ligand‐centered amine to imine oxidation as well as through C? N bond‐breaking processes. During these processes, 3,5‐di‐tert‐butyl‐1,2‐benzoquinone and 2‐aminobenzylidene were produced. Ammonia, generated in situ through hydrolysis of the imine to the aldehyde, reacted with 3,5‐di‐tert‐butyl‐1,2‐benzoquinone to form the corresponding 3,5‐di‐tert‐butyl‐1,2‐iminobenzoquinone moiety, which upon two‐electron reduction in the reaction medium formed 3,5‐di‐tert‐butyl‐1,2‐aminophenol. This aminophenol underwent condensation with the H₂L5 ligand that was formed by self‐condensation of two molecules of 2‐aminobenzaldehyde and provided the modified ligand backbone.     

Axially Dissymmetric Chiral (R)‐N,W‐Bis(2‐hydroxy‐3,5‐ditert‐butyl‐arylmethyl)‐1, 1′‐binaphthalene‐2,2′‐diamine as Chiral Ligands in the Reaction of Diethylzinc to Aldehydes†

Chiral ligand (A)‐N,N′‐Bis(2‐hydroxy‐3,5‐di‐tert‐butyl‐arylmethyl)‐1,1′‐binaphthalene‐2,2′‐diamine derived from the reduction of Schiff base (R)‐2,2′‐bis (3,5‐di‐tert‐butyl‐2‐hydroxybenzylideneamino)‐1, 1′‐binaphthyl with LiAlH₄, is fairly effective in the asymmetric addition reaction of diethylzinc to aldehydes by which good yields (46%‐94%) of the corresponding sec‐alcohols can be obtained in moderate ee (51%‐79%) with R configuration for a variety of aldehydes.     

Two isomorphous ZnII/CoII complexes with tri‐tert‐butoxysilanethiol and histamine,and (4‐hydroxymethyl‐1H‐imidazole‐κN)bis(tri‐tert‐butoxysilanethiolato‐κ2O,S)zinc(II)

The complexes [2‐(1H‐imidazol‐4‐yl‐κN³)ethylamine‐κN]bis(tri‐tert‐butoxysilanethiolato‐κS)cobalt(II), [Co(C₁₂H₂₇O₃SSi)₂(C₅H₉N₃)], and [2‐(1H‐imidazol‐4‐yl‐κN³)ethylamine‐κN]bis(tri‐tert‐butoxysilanethiolato‐κS)zinc(II), [Zn(C₁₂H₂₇O₃SSi)₂(C₅H₉N₃)], are isomorphous. The central Zn^II/Co^II ions are surrounded by two S atoms from the tri‐tert‐butoxysilanethiolate ligand and by two N atoms from the chelating histamine ligand in a distorted tetrahedral geometry, with two intramolecular N—H...O hydrogen‐bonding interactions between the histamine NH₂ groups and tert‐butoxy O atoms. Molecules of the complexes are joined into dimers via two intermolecular bifurcated N—H...(S,O) hydrogen bonds. The Zn^II atom in [(1H‐imidazol‐4‐yl‐κN³)methanol]bis(tri‐tert‐butoxysilanethiolato‐κ²O,S)zinc(II), [Zn(C₁₂H₂₇O₃SSi)₂(C₄H₆N₂O)], is five‐coordinated by two O and two S atoms from the O,S‐chelating silanethiolate ligand and by one N atom from (1H‐imidazol‐4‐yl)methanol; the hydroxy group forms an intramolecular hydrogen bond with sulfur. Molecules of this complex pack as zigzag chains linked by N—H...O hydrogen bonds. These structures provide reference details for cysteine‐ and histidine‐ligated metal centers in proteins.     

Three zinc(II) and cadmium(II) complexes containing 4‐amino‐3,5‐bis(pyridin‐2‐yl)‐1,2,4‐triazole and polynitrile ligands: synthesis,molecular and supramolecular structures,and photoluminescence properties

Three photoluminescent complexes containing either Zn^II or Cd^II have been synthesized and their structures determined. Bis[4‐amino‐3,5‐bis(pyridin‐2‐yl)‐1,2,4‐triazole‐κ²N ¹,N ⁵]bis(dicyanamido‐κN ¹)zinc(II), [Zn(C₁₂H₁₀N₆)₂(C₂N₃)₂], (I), bis[4‐amino‐3,5‐bis(pyridin‐2‐yl)‐1,2,4‐triazole‐κ²N ¹,N ⁵]bis(dicyanamido‐κN ¹)cadmium(II), [Cd(C₁₂H₁₀N₆)₂(C₂N₃)₂], (II), and bis[4‐amino‐3,5‐bis(pyridin‐2‐yl)‐1,2,4‐triazole‐κ²N ¹,N ⁵]bis(tricyanomethanido‐κN ¹)cadmium(II), [Cd(C₁₂H₁₀N₆)₂(C₄N₃)₂], (III), all crystallize in the space group P , with the metal centres lying on centres of inversion, but neither analogues (I) and (II) nor Cd^II complexes (II) and (III) are isomorphous. A combination of N—H…N and C—H…N hydrogen bonds and π–π stacking interactions generates three‐dimensional framework structures in (I) and (II), and a sheet structure in (III). The photoluminescence spectra of (I)–(III) indicate that the energies of the π–π* transitions in the coordinated triazole ligand are modified by minor changes of the ligand geometry associated with coordination to the metal centres.     

Bis(1,4-di-tert-butyl-1,4-diazabutadiene)copper(i) [(3,6-di-tert-butyl-o-benzosemiquinono)(3,6-di-tert-butyl-catecholato)cuprate(ii)]. The molecular structure and intramolecular electron transfer

Bis(1,4-di-tert-butyl-1,4-diazabutadiene)copper(i) [(3,6-di-tert-butyl-o-benzosemiquinono)(3,6-di-tert-butylcatecholato)cuprate(ii)] (1) was synthesized. Complex 1 contains the 1,4-di-tert-butyl-1,4-diazabutadiene and 3,6-di-tert-butyl-o-benzoquinone ligands in the reduced form. The structure of 1 was established by X-ray diffraction analysis. The ESR spectra indicate that dissolution of complex 1 in organic solvents (toluene, THF, CH₂Cl₂, etc.) leads to its symmetrization to give neutral complex 2, which occurs in solutions as an equilibrium mixture of two redox isomers, viz., catecholate (Cat) complex 2c and semiquinone (SQ) complex 2s. In the coordination sphere of the copper atom, the reversible intramolecular metal—ligand electron transfer can proceed as successive steps as exemplified by the reactions of 2 with CO and 2,6-dimethylphenylisonitrile. Copper(i) o-semiquinone complex 2s can be reversibly transformed into copper(ii) catecholate complex 2c through electron transfer from the copper(i) atom to the SQ ligand. The subsequent addition of the neutral ligand (CO or CNAr) to 2c induces, in turn, electron transfer from the Cat ligand to the copper(ii) atom accompanied by the transformation of the catecholate complex into the o-semiquinone complex. In the case of CO, this transformation is also reversible and is efficiently controlled by the temperature.     

Reaktion von (R,R)‐(N,N′)‐Diisopropylcyclohexyl‐1,2‐diamin mit Me2MCl (M = Ga,In)

Reaction of (R,R)‐(N,N′)‐Diisopropylcyclohexyl‐1,2‐diamine with Me₂MCl (M = Ga, In) (R,R)‐(N,N′)‐Diisopropylcyclohexyl‐1,2‐diamine (H₂L) was reacted with Me₂GaCl and Me₂InCl in boiling toluene, respectively. In both cases the salt [Me₂M(H₂L)][Me₂MCl₂] [M = Ga ( 1 ), In ( 2 )] was formed. 1 and 2 were characterized by NMR and vibrational spectroscopy. In addition, an X‐ray structure determination was applied on 2 . According to the spectroscopical and structural findings 1 and 2 consist of cations [Me₂M(H₂L)]⁺ and anions [Me₂MCl₂]^?.     

Oxidation of sulfides including DBT using a new vanadyl complex of a non‐innocent o‐aminophenol benzoxazole based ligand

Reaction of a non‐innocent o‐aminophenol benzoxazole based ligand HL^BAP with VOCl₃ afforded a vanadyl complex, VOL^BIS (SQ), in which SQ is a 2,4‐di‐tert‐butylsemiquinone produced from hydrolysis of HL^BAP. The crystal structure of VOL^BIS (SQ) exhibits an octahedral geometry with the VO²⁺ center coordinated by two nitrogen and one oxygen atoms of L^BAP and two oxygen atoms of SQ. Electrochemical studies showed quasi‐reversible metal‐centered reduction and ligand‐centered oxidation of complex. The magnetic moment of VOL^BIS (SQ) is consistent with the spin‐only value expected for S = 1/2 system. The neutral species of VOL^BIS (SQ) is EPR active, which is consistent with a paramagnetic electronic ground state (S = 1/2). This result is in accordance with the vanadyl (IV) moiety surrounded by tridentate iminobenzosemiquinonate anion radical (HL^BIS)^?‐ and benzosemiquinone ligand (SQ)^?. The theoretical calculations confirm the experimental results. Furthermore, we present the optimal conditions for maximum efficiency of sulfide oxidation for oxidative desulfurization with hydrogen peroxide and 6 times reusability of catalyst for sulfoxidation of dibenzothiophene.     

Reactivity of tert‐butylperoxyl radical with manganese(III), cobalt(II), and nickel(II) salicylidene Schiff base chelates

Salicylidene Schiff base chelates (R,R)‐(–)‐N,N′‐bis(3,5‐di‐tert‐butylsalicylidene)‐1,2‐cyclohexanediaminomanganese(III) chloride, (R,R)‐(–)‐N,N′‐bis(3,5‐di‐tert‐butylsalicylidene)‐1,2‐cyclohexanediaminocobalt(II), N,N′‐bis(salicylidene)‐ethylenediaminocobalt(II), N,N′‐bis(salicylidene)ethylenediaminonickel(II), and N,N′‐bis(salicylidene)ethylenediaminoaquacobalt(II), as well as (R,R)‐(–)‐N,N′‐bis(3,5‐di‐tert‐butylsalicylidene)1,2‐cyclohexanediamine, were kinetically examined as antioxidants in the scavenging of tert‐butylperoxyl radical (tert‐butylOO^?). Absolute rate constants and corresponding Arrhenius parameters were determined for reactions of tert‐butylOO^? with these chelates in the temperature range ?52.5 to ?11°C. High reactivity of tert‐butylOO^? with Mn(III) and Co(II) salicylidene Schiff base chelates was established using a kinetic electron paramagnetic resonance method. These salicylidene Schiff base chelates react in a 1:1 stoichiometric fashion with tert‐butylOO^? without free radical formation. Ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry and differential pulse voltammetry established that the rapid removal rate of tert‐butylOO^? by these chelates is the result of Mn(III) oxidation to Mn(IV) and Co(II) oxidation to Co(III) by tert‐butylOO^?. It is concluded that removal of alkylperoxyl radical by Mn(III) and Co(II) salicylidene Schiff base chelates may partially account for their biological activities. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 39: 431–439, 2007     

Poly[[cobalt(II)‐di‐μ3‐3,5‐diamino­benzoato‐κ3N:N′:O] monohydrate]

In the title compound, {[Co(C₇H₇N₂O₂)₂]·H₂O}_n, the Co^II atom lies on an inversion centre and has octahedral geometry, defined by two O atoms in axial positions and four N atoms in equatorial sites from six different 3,5‐diamino­benzoate ligands. Each 3,5‐diamino­benzoate anion acts as a μ₃‐bridging ligand, linking three adjacent Co^II ions through one O atom and two N atoms to form a three‐dimensional coordination polymer.     

[N,N′‐Bis(3‐aminopropyl)ethylenediamine‐κ4N,N′,N′′,N′′′](trithiocyanurato‐κ2N,S)zinc(II) ethanol solvate

In the crystal structure of the title compound, [N,N′‐bis(3‐­amino­propyl)­ethyl­enedi­amine‐κ⁴N,N′,N′′,N′′′][1,3,5‐triazine‐2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)‐tri­thionato(2−)‐κ²N,S]­zinc(II) ethanol sol­vate, [Zn(C₈H₂₂N₄)₂(C₃HN₃S₃)]·C₂H₆O, the Zn^II atom is octa­hedrally coordinated by four N atoms [Zn—N = 2.104 (2)–2.203 (2) Å] of a tetradentate N‐donor N,N′‐bis(3‐­amino­propyl)­ethyl­enedi­amine (bapen) ligand and by two S and N atoms [Zn—S = 2.5700 (7) Å and Zn—N = 2.313 (2) Å] of a tri­thio­cyanurate(2−) (ttcH²⁻) dianion bonded as a bidentate ligand in a cis configuration. The crystal structure of the compound is stabilized by a network of hydrogen bonds.     

Synthesis,structural and chemosensitivity studies of arene d6 metal complexes having N‐phenyl‐N´‐(pyridyl/pyrimidyl)thiourea derivatives

The d⁶ metal complexes of thiourea derivatives were synthesized to investigate its cytotoxicity. Treatment of various N‐phenyl‐N´ pyridyl/pyrimidyl thiourea ligands with half‐sandwich d⁶ metal precursors yielded a series of cationic complexes. Reactions of ligand (L1‐L3) with [(p‐cymene)RuCl₂]₂ and [Cp*MCl₂]₂ (M = Rh/Ir) led to the formation of a series of cationic complexes bearing general formula [(arene)M(L1)к²_(N,S)Cl]⁺, [(arene)M(L2)к²_(N,S)Cl]⁺ and [(arene)M(L3)к²_(N,S)Cl]⁺ [arene = p‐cymene, M = Ru ( 1 , 4 , 7 ); Cp*, M = Rh ( 2 , 5 , 8 ); Cp*, Ir ( 3 , 6 , 9 )]. These compounds were isolated as their chloride salts. X‐ray crystallographic studies of the complexes revealed the coordination of the ligands to the metal in a bidentate chelating N,S‐ manner. Further the cytotoxicity studies of the thiourea derivatives and its complexes evaluated against HCT‐116 (human colorectal cancer), MIA‐PaCa‐2 (human pancreatic cancer) and ARPE‐19 (non‐cancer retinal epithelium) cancer cell lines showed that the thiourea ligands displayed no activity. Upon complexation however, the metal compounds possesses cytotoxicity and whilst potency is less than cisplatin, several complexes exhibited greater selectivity for HCT‐116 or MIA‐PaCa‐2 cells compared to ARPE‐19 cells than cisplatin in vitro. Rhodium complexes of thiourea derivatives were found to be more potent as compared to ruthenium and iridium complexes.     

ansa‐[(tert‐Butylamino)(isodicyclo­pentadienyl)dimethylsilane]Zr(NMe2)2 prepared by an amine‐elimination reaction

An amine‐elimination reaction was used to obtain the title compound, i.e. (N‐tert‐butyl‐N‐{[(1,2,3,3a,7a‐η)‐4,5,6,7‐tetra­hydro‐4,7‐methano‐1H‐inden‐2‐yl]­di­methyl­silyl}amido‐κN)bis(N‐methyl­methanaminato‐κN)­zirconium(IV) or [isodiCpSiMe₂N‐tert‐butyl]Zr(NMe₂)₂ (Cp is cyclo­penta­dienyl), [Zr(C₁₆H₂₅NSi)(C₂H₆N)₂], in very good yield. Treatment of isodiCpHSiMe₂NH‐tert‐butyl with Zr(NMe₂)₄ leads to the formation of a yellow solid that can be purified by sublimation. The single‐crystal structure of the product shows the exo complexation of the isodi­cyclo­penta­dienyl ligand to the Zr atom. The Cp portion of this ligand is bonded to the Zr atom in a η⁵ manner, with a Zr—Cg (Cg is the ring centroid) distance of 2.2352 (10) Å. The isodiCpSiMe₂N‐tert‐butyl ligand has a constrained geometry, which is exhibited by the small angle of 95.55 (10)° for N—Si—C_Cp.     

Synthesis of Heteroleptic Cerium(IV) Complexes Using a Heptadentate (N4O3) Tripodale Schiff‐base Ligand

The Cerium(IV) complexes [{N[CH₂CH₂N=CH(2‐O‐3,5‐^tBu₂C₆H₂)]₃}CeCl] ( 1 ) and [{N[CH₂CH₂N=CH(2‐O‐3,5‐^tBu₂C₆H₂)]₃}Ce(NO₃)] ( 2 ) were derived from the condensation of tris(2‐aminoethyl)amine and 3,5‐di‐tert‐butylsalicylaldehyde and the appropriate Ce starting material CeCl₃(H₂O)₆ and (NH₄)₂[Ce(NO₃)₆], respectively. Single crystal X‐ray diffraction studies reveal monomeric complexes.     

The Stability of Metal N,N,N′,N′‐Tetrakis(2‐aminoethyl)ethane‐ 1,2‐diamine (=penten) Complexes and the X‐Ray Crystal Structure of [Tl(NO3)(penten)](NO3)2

Complex formation between N,N,N′,N′‐tetrakis(2‐aminoethyl)ethane‐1,2‐diamine (penten) and the metal ions Mn²⁺, Co²⁺, Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺, Cd²⁺, Hg²⁺, Ag⁺, Pb²⁺, and Tl³⁺ (in 1.00M NaNO₃ and 25°) was investigated by potentiometry and spectrophotometry. These are the first reported values of the stability constants for this ligand with Ag⁺, Pb²⁺, and Tl³⁺. The X‐ray crystal structure of [Tl(NO₃)(penten)](NO₃)₂ was determined. In this structure, Tl³⁺ shows a coordination number of seven made up of the six N‐donors and one O‐atom of NO.     

Syntheses and Structures of Nitridorhenium(V) and Nitridotechnetium(V) Complexes with N,N‐[(Dialkylamino)(thiocarbonyl)]‐N′‐(2‐hydroxyphenyl)benzamidines

[MNCl₂(PPh₃)₂] complexes (M = Re, Tc) react with N‐[(dialkylamino)(thiocarbonyl)]‐N′‐(2‐hydroxyphenyl)benzamidines (H₂L¹) with formation of neutral, five‐coordinate nitrido complexes of the composition [MN(L¹)(PPh₃)]. The products have distorted square‐pyramidal coordination spheres with each a tridentate, double‐deprotonated benzamidine and a PPh₃ ligand in their basal planes.     

Synthesis and ligand-based mixed valency of cis- and trans-Cr(III)(X(4)SQ)(X(4)Cat)(L)(n) (X = Cl and Br,n = 1 or 2) complexes: effects of solvent media on intramolecular charge distribution and ligand dissociation of Cr(III)(X(4)SQ)(3)

The treatment of Cr(III)(X(4)SQ)(3) (SQ = o-semiquinonate; X = Cl and Br) with acetonitrile affords trans-Cr(III)(X(4)SQ)(X(4)Cat)(CH(3)CN)(2) (X = Cl (1) and Br (2)). In the presence of 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy) or 3,4,7,8-tetramethyl-1,10-phenanthrene (tmphen), the reaction affords Cr(III)(X(4)SQ)(X(4)Cat)(bpy).nCH(3)CN (X = Cl, n = 1 (3); X = Br, n = 0.5 (4)) or Cr(III)(X(4)SQ)(X(4)Cat)(tmphen) (X = Cl (5) and Br (6)), respectively. All of the complexes show a ligand-based mixed-valence (LBMV) state with SQ and Cat ligands. The LBMV state was confirmed by the presence of the interligand intervalence charge-transfer band. Spectroscopic studies in several solvent media demonstrate that the ligand dissociation included in the conversion of Cr(III)(X(4)SQ)(3) to 1-6 occurs only in solvents with relatively high polarity. On the basis of these results, the effects of solvent media were examined and an equilibrium, Cr(III)(X(4)SQ)(3) <--> Cr(III)(X(4)BQ)(X(4)SQ)(X(4)Cat) (BQ = o-benzoquinone), is proposed by assuming an interligand electron transfer induced by solvent polarity.     

3,5-Di-tert-butyl-o-benzoquinone complexes of lanthanides

Lanthanide semiquinolates Ln(SQ)₃ (SQ-3,5-di-tert-butyl-o-benzosemiquinone) were prepared by the reactions of Dy, Tm, Yb with 3 equiv of 3,5-di-tert-butyl-o-benzoquinone (Q). Crystallization of thulium product from DME yields structurally characterized cluster Tm₃(SQ)₄(Cat)₂(QH)(DME)₂ (1) (Cat-3,5-di-tert-butyl-catecholate, QH-o-hydroxyphenolate). The reactions of Q with excess of metal (Sm, Eu, Tm, Yb) afford catecholates Ln₂(Cat)₃. For samarium product Sm₄(Cat)₆(THF)₆ (2) X-ray diffraction study was performed. In the reaction of EuI₂ with Li₂(Cat) ate-complex EuLi₄(LiI)₂(SQ)₂(Cat)₂(THF)₆ (3) was isolated. X-ray analysis revealed that a molecule of the complex contains two semiquinone groups, two catecholate ligands, Eu²⁺ cation, four Li⁺ cations and two LiI species bonded by bridging O and I atoms. Catecholates of Eu(II), Sm(II) as well as trivalent Ce, Nd, Gd, and Tb were obtained by treatment of corresponding lanthanide silylamides Ln[N(SiMe₃)₂]_n (n = 2, 3) with the 3,5-di-tert-butyl-catechol. It was established that gadolinium product Gd₄(Cat)₆(THF)₆ (4) is isostructural to samarium complex 2. Terbium catecholate Tb₂(Cat)₃ in THF solution revealed photoluminescence typical for Tb³⁺ cation.     

In situ synthesis of mononuclear copper(II) complexes of the new tridentate ligand bis[(3,5‐dimethyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐1‐yl)methyl]amine

Two mononuclear copper complexes, {bis[(3,5‐dimethyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐1‐yl‐κN²)methyl]amine‐κN}(3,5‐dimethyl‐1H‐pyrazole‐κN²)(perchlorato‐κO)copper(II) perchlorate, [Cu(ClO₄)(C₅H₈N₂)(C₁₂H₁₉N₅)]ClO₄, (I), and {bis[(3,5‐dimethyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐1‐yl‐κN²)methyl]amine‐κN}bis(3,5‐dimethyl‐1H‐pyrazole‐κN²)copper(II) bis(hexafluoridophosphate), [Cu(C₅H₈N₂)₂(C₁₂H₁₉N₅)](PF₆)₂, (II), have been synthesized by the reactions of different copper salts with the tripodal ligand tris[(3,5‐dimethyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐1‐yl)methyl]amine (TDPA) in acetone–water solutions at room temperature. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis revealed that they contain the new tridentate ligand bis[(3,5‐dimethyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐1‐yl)methyl]amine (BDPA), which cannot be obtained by normal organic reactions and has thus been captured in the solid state by in situ synthesis. The coordination of the Cu^II ion is distorted square pyramidal in (I) and distorted trigonal bipyramidal in (II). The new in situ generated tridentate BDPA ligand can act as a meridional or facial ligand during the process of coordination. The crystal structures of these two compounds are stabilized by classical hydrogen bonding as well as intricate nonclassical hydrogen‐bond interactions.     

Dinuclear Dysprosium and Ytterbium Complexes Incorporating N,N‐Bis(pyrrolyl‐α‐methyl)‐N‐methylamine Ligand: Syntheses and Structures

Reaction of DyCl₃ with two equivalents of NaN(SiMe₃)₂ in THF yielded {Dy(μ‐Cl)[N(SiMe₃)₂]₂(THF)}₂ ( 1 ). X‐ray crystal structure analysis revealed that 1 is a centrosymmetric dimer with asymmetrically bridging chloride ligands. The metal coordination arrangement can be best described as distorted trigonal bipyramid. The bond lengths of Ln–Cl and Ln–N showed a decreasing trend with the contraction of the size of Ln³⁺. Treatment of N,N‐bis(pyrrolyl‐α‐methyl)‐N‐methylamine (H₂dpma) with 1 and known compound {Yb(μ‐Cl)[N(SiMe₃)₂]₂(THF)}₂, respectively, led to the formations of [Dy(μ‐Cl)(dpma)(THF)₂]₂ ( 2 ) and {Yb(μ‐Cl)[N(SiMe₃)₂]₂(THF)}₂ ( 3 ). Compounds 2 and 3 were fully characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography, elemental analysis, and ¹H NMR spectroscopy. Structure determination indicated that 2 and 3 exhibit as centrosymmetric dimers with asymmetrically bridging chloride ligands. One pot reactions involving LnCl₃ (Ln = Dy and Yb), LiN(SiMe₃)₂, and H₂dpma were explored and desired products 2 and 3 were not yielded, which indicated that 1 and {Yb(μ‐Cl)[N(SiMe₃)₂]₂(THF)}₂ are the demanding precursors to synthesize Dysprosium and Ytterbium complexes supported by dpma^2– ligand. Compounds 2 and 3 are the first reported lanthanide complexes chelated by dpma^2– ligand.     

Tuning a Single Ligand System to Stabilize Multiple Spin States of Manganese: A First Example of a Hydrazone‐Based Manganese(III) Spin‐Crossover Complex

A series of bis‐chelate pseudo‐octahedral mononuclear coordination complexes of manganese with the chromophore [MnN₄O₂]ⁿ⁺ (n=0, 1) have been generated in all three principal oxidation states of this transition‐metal center under ambient conditions by utilizing a readily tunable, versatile phenolic pyridylhydrazone ligand system (i.e., H₂(3,5‐R¹,R²)‐L; L=ligand). Strategic combinations of the nature and position of a variety of substituent groups afforded selective, spontaneous stabilization of multiple spin states of the manganese center, which, upon close crystallographic scrutiny, appears to be in part due to the occurrence or absence of hydrogen‐bonding interactions that involve the phenolate/phenolic oxygen atom. The divalent complexes are isolable in two forms, namely, molecular [Mn^II{H(3,5‐R¹,R²)‐L}₂] and ionic [Mn^II{H₂(3,5‐R¹,R²)‐L}{H(3,5‐R¹,R²)‐L}]ClO₄, with the latter complex converting easily into the former complex on deprotonation. Accessibility of the higher‐valent states is achievable only when the phenolate oxygen atom is sterically hindered from participation in hydrogen bonding. The [Mn^III{H(3,5‐tBu₂)‐L}₂]ClO₄ complex is the first example of a hydrazone‐based Mn^III complex to exhibit spin crossover. Formation of the tetravalent complexes [Mn^IV{(3,5‐R¹,R²)‐L}₂] (R¹=tBu, R²=H; R¹=R²=tBu) necessitates base‐assisted abstraction of the hydrazinic proton.