氯化铅在水溶液中的熵和焓

标准自由能变化∆G。与∆H。、∆S。的关系是: ∆G。=∆H。-T∆S。(1)只要知道了∆H。和∆S。,便可以计算出不同温度下的∆G。。本实验是通过测量PbCl2溶解度随温度的变化,以作图法计算出∆H。和∆S。。     

信息与服务

O协。N00。闪00。NO仍。门00。价00.州O叭。N00。N00。价00。曰00。仍00。NO叭。N00。NO叭。NON。1O叭。N00。NO口户N00。N00。N00 .2O叭。NO仍。阶O叭。N恤习l四1尺!浑号。补半甥冷坎卜O﹃邢日补牟欢咨比解琴劣卞穴答.’补妞小佘褪众吝︸补牟别滓穴名︸朴牟澎褥尺g︹补习书叹权一09旧哄习。谧补故补半哭长习汉任中成外曰州。066一闪一。一协6一Z一.一66一内一。1661州一。1661刊一.一66一10.16伍一刊︸。1661叫︻.0661州一。1661N一。︻661N工.1661N一。︻661N一。一66︻囚州。1661一0.州66一囚一。工比61一O。叫6小︻州0.问…     

全日制六年制重点中学单课性选修的高中二、三年级化学课本编写提纲(征求意见稿)

原子核。同位素。电子云。电子层和电子亚层。s电子云和p电子云的图象。d电子,f电子。电子的自旋。H到Kr的电子层排布。原子结构与周期系。     

尖晶石对β／β″—Al2O3膜相组成和离子导电性的影响

以wag／P”－AI。O。为固体电解质的CO。、SO。、NO。等气体传感器的研究已有很多报道［‘－‘］，多采用的是个AI。O。结构的电解质。AI刀。和p”－AI刃。的结构具有一定的相似性，但后者具有更高的迁移离子浓度和更开放的晶体结构，表现出更好的离子导电性‘’‘．由于卢”－AI。O。为介稳结构，需要加入如Li。O、MgO等作为稳定剂才能稳定存在．以Li对稳定的产”－al。O。烧结较容易，P”－AI。O。相转化率高，但以MsO为稳定剂制备的”－AI刃。其显微结构和抗吸湿性能更为优越．LJLi对和MgO共同稳定的产”－AI。O。可以…     

Dual-parameter Correlation Analysis of the Fluorescence Data of 1-Methyl-2-formyl-5-substituted Pyrrole(4-nitrophenyl)hydrazones

effect、pohrencct．l－methyl－2－formvl－5－Y－substitutedpyrrole（4－nltrophenyl）Ndrazones．Correlationresultsmrthefluorescencespectraldataofsubstitutedstyrenesanda－Onthebasisof＊themagnitudesofevaluatedlpm。／p、。”］valuesofEq．l，Inwhichp”a“（orPn。。／an，。）andPa（orP。』／a。。）rePresentthePolarandsPin－delocallzatloneffect，wehaverecentlyproposedthattherearefourcategoriesofpossiblecircumstancesforcorrelationanalysisofradlcalreactlvltlesandspectralpropeTtlesl．IBothpolarandsp…     

第二届国家期刊奖科技期刊名单

————3”区Li“川—产队 究所‘”然科学版)-仪阿4”y卜人于2。。。。。中。。。。。。。。。。17 吉霉坤”””’”。。。。。。。中。。。。。。。。。。r。。。。,。中。。。。旧。。。。。。。g”“““g票寞宗羌民’-4。。。华。、。。中。。。中华。。。19。。。。。;2腆-厂 北。机。。。。5 物理学报 中国科学院 中科院物理所20 上海环境科学 上海市 卜海市环保局6 高等学校化学学报 教育部)}林大学、南“大ZI 中国药学杂志 中国科协 中国医学会7 金属学报 中国科协 中国金属学会22 金种铸。及有色合 中国科快 中闷机械工程学《…     

不等式在化学中的应用

中学化学中的数字运算有等式和不等式两种。等式属定式、较具体。呈定向思维;不等式属受式、较抽象。呈发散思维。中学生对化学中的等式运算大多能得心应手。但对不等式的化学意义的建立和求解常感陌生。为此设计不等式的应用。对加强学科间联系。启迪发散思维。提高分析和解决问题的能力。无疑很有必要。本文浅析了不等式在中学化学中的常见应用。     

TiO2-Al2O3作为Mo催化剂担体的研究

Tio。－AI。oa二元氧化物的制备at艺大体可分为两种．一种是利用液相浸渍或气相沉积方法将Tio。担载在AI。0。上，使Tio。主要覆盖在AI。0。表面上［‘－1另一种是通过Ti盐和AI盐混合溶液共沉淀方法使Tio。和AI。0。均匀混合在一起【‘－’1．不同的制备工艺对Tio。－AI。03的表面结构和表面性质有很大影响问．我们曾报导用TICly蒸气化学气相沉积方法制备出了D02在1川2O3表面呈现十分均匀分布的DoZ一周。03复合氧化物担体＊’1．本文进一步考察D0。在周。0。表面的沉积对川。0。孔结构的影响，以及Ti02－A1203作为加氢精制MO催…     

开展微型实验教学之我见

近年来。中学化学实验教学取得了长足进展。但我国地域广阔。发展不平衡。也存在一定问题。     

红外导数光谱鉴定铁系复合氧化物中的γ-Fe_(2)O_3

用于丁烯氧化脱氢的铁系复合氧化物催化剂具有复杂的相组成，可能存在着。Fe。O。、1贝。0。、Fe。0。、铁酸盐尖晶石相及尖晶石相之间形成的固溶体，这些相的鉴定对于弄清活性位／相的结构具有本质意义．由于缺乏有效的相结构表征手段，导致对于活性位／相的结构和上述各相所起的作用的观，入歧异．Misono山曾测出7－Fe。O。具有较高的活性，故认为它是该系催化剂的活性相，但XRD难以把7－Fe。O。与其它尖晶石相区分开，因而无法确认它在催化剂中是否存在及起何作用．Gillot门提出了可用红外光谱鉴定了一FeZO。：1－Fe。O。在600～…     

高效液相色谱法测定藻类中的类胡萝卜素和叶绿素

提出了用高效液相色谱法测定藻类中类胡萝卜素和叶绿素的方法。采用丙国等有机溶剂提取藻类中的类胡萝卜素和叶绿素,然后在反相C18柱上进行分离。流动相选用二氯甲烷／乙腈／甲醇／水（22.5:9.5:67.5:0.5）,流速为1.0mL／min。用光度检测器检测报长为450um。叶黄素、α-胡萝卜素、β-胡萝卜素、叶绿素a和叶绿素b的平均回收串分别为99.1％,98.5％,99.4％,100.6％和99.9％,相对标准偏差分别为2.4％,5.6％,6.0％,4.1％和4.0％。     

Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Arthrospira platensis for Bio-Oil Production and Study of Chemical Composition for Bio-Oil and Its Gasoline Fraction

Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry - The fractional and chemical composition of bio-oil and its gasoline fraction, obtained by hydrothermal liquefaction of Arthrospira platensis biomass, was...     

Isolation and Characterization of C-phycocyanin from Spirulina Platensis

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＳｐｉｒｕｌｉｎａ，ａｋｉｎｄｏｆｆｉｌｉｆｏｒｍ，ｍｕｌｔｉｃｅｌｕｌａｒａｌｇａｅｔｈａｔｉｓｒｉｃｈｉｎｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ，ｆａｔ，ｖｉｔａｍｉｎ，ｍｉｎｅｒａｌ，ｃｈｌｏｒｏｐｈｙｌ，β－ｃａｒｏｔｅｎｅａｎｄｐｏｌｙｓａ...     

Isolation and structural elucidation of a polysaccharide with radiation-protective activity from Spirulina platensis

The structure of a radiation-protective sulfated polysaccharide, SP-APS, isolated from Spirulina platensis, was investigated by methylation analysis, partial acetolysis and 1H-NMR spec-troscopy. The repeating-unit of SP-APS as branched structures was elucidated.     

Fatty acids by high-performance liquid chromatography and evaporative light-scattering detector

A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) separation method with an evaporative light-scattering detector (ELSD) has been developed for the separation and quantitative analysis of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) in three different oils. Reverse-phased C18 HPLC separation of 13 FAME is achieved using a methanol/water eluent mixture. The retention times (RT) reflect the elution behavior of these compounds on C18 reversed-phase HPLC. The proposed method is tested on: soybean oil (Glycine max L.) as reference sample, rice bran oil (Oryza sativa L.), pumpkin seed oil (Cucurbita pepo L.) and algal oil (Arthrospira platensis Nordst.).     

Biosorption of Metal Ions by Spirulina plantensis Microalga

Russian Journal of General Chemistry - The sorption of lead, nickel, zinc, chromium(III), and chromium(VI) ions by Spirulina platensis microalga was studied. The effects of pH, metal concentration,...     

D1 protein turnover is involved in protection of Photosystem II against UV-B induced damage in the cyanobacterium Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis

By using two strains of Arthrospira (Spirulina)platensis, an economically important filamentous cyanobacterium, we compared the impairment of PSII activity and loss of D1 protein content under UV-B radiation. Our study showed that UV-B radiation induced a gradual loss of the oxygen-evolving activity to about 56% after 180 min UV-B irradiation both in strains 439 and D-0083, which have been kept under indoor and an outdoor culturing conditions, respectively for a prolonged period of time. The loss of oxygen evolution was accelerated in both strains in the presence of lincomycin, an inhibitor of protein synthesis, and the amount of D1 protein showed a decrease comparable to that of oxygen evolution during the UV-B exposure. However, the UV-B induced loss of oxygen-evolving activity and D1 protein amount was largely prevented when A. platensis cells were exposed to UV-B irradiance supplemented with visible light. Comparison of the two strains also showed a smaller extent of D1 protein synthesis dependent PSII repair in the indoor strain. Our results show that turnover of the D1 protein is an important defense mechanism to counteract the UV-B induced damage of PSII in A. platensis, and also that visible light plays an important role in maintaining the function of PSII under simultaneous exposure to UV-B and visible light.     

Orthogonal test design for optimization of suitable conditions to separate C-phycocyanin from Spirulina platensis by high-speed counter-current chromatography using reverse micelle solvent system

High-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) was applied to separate C-phycocyanin (C-PC) from Spirulina platensis in the article. The suitable conditions were optimized by an orthogonal test design (L(9)(3)(3)), including the stationary phase of reverse micelle solvent system (0.10 g/mL cetyltrimethylammonium bromide [CTAB]/isooctane-hexylalcohol), mobile phase A (0.05 mol/L sodium phosphate buffer, pH 4.0, containing 0.2 mol/L KCl) and mobile phase B (0.05 mol/L sodium phosphate buffer, pH 8.0, containing 0.4 mol/L KCl). Under the selected conditions, 78.7 mg protein was purified from 200 mg crude extract of S. platensis, and the purity of the product was 4.25 based on the absorbance ratio of A(620)/A(280) , which was increased 6.85 times compared with the crude extract. Then, the protein was identified to be C-PC by MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis compared with the standard. The application of HSCCC used in the separation of C-PC from S. platensis was first reported in the article. Furthermore, three kinds of tumor cell lines including human hepatoma cell line SMMC-7721, human ovarian carcinoma cell line ES-2, and human lung adenocarcinoma cell line SPCA-1 were used to evaluate the anticancer activities of the separated product, and the results showed that the separated C-PC had excellent anti-tumor actions with the IC(50) values at 2.998, 4.854, and 8.423 μg/mL, respectively, for 48 h treatment. The outcome indicates that an effective method for C-PC purification by HSCCC has been established.     

Separation and characterization of antioxidants from Spirulina platensis microalga combining pressurized liquid extraction, TLC, and HPLC-DAD

A new procedure has been developed to separate and characterize antioxidant compounds from Spirulina platensis microalga based on the combination of pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) and different chromatographic procedures, such as TLC, at preparative scale, and HPLC with a diode array detector (DAD). Different solvents were tested for PLE extraction of antioxidants from S. platensis microalga. An optimized PLE process using ethanol (generally recognized as safe, GRAS) as extraction solvent has been obtained that provides natural extracts with high yields and good antioxidant properties. TLC analysis of this ethanolic extract obtained at 115 degrees C for 15 min was carried out and the silica layer was stained with a DPPH (diphenyl-pycril-hydrazyl) radical solution to determine the antioxidant activity of different chromatographic bands. Next, these colored bands were collected for their subsequent analysis by HPLC-DAD, revealing that the compounds with the most important antioxidant activity present in Spirulina extracts were carotenoids, as well as phenolic compounds and degradation products of chlorophylls.     

Method to obtain C-phycocyanin of high purity

A new approach is made for the purification of C-phycocyanin (C-PC), which is simple and more efficient than existing methods. The proposed method involves two steps: aqueous two phase extraction and ion-exchange chromatography. Crude extract of C-phycocyanin, of purity 1.18, obtained from Spirulina platensis is subjected to aqueous two phase extraction. C-phycocyanin obtained from this process showed a purity of 5.22, which is higher than the reported value till date. In order to explore the possibility of further purification, C-phycocyanin is subjected to ion-exchange chromatography and found that the purity increased from 5.22 to 6.69. The fluorescence, intactness of structure and purity of C-phycocyanin are confirmed using spectrofluorometry, circular dichroism spectra and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel, respectively.