孔洞对平面裂纹应力强度因子影响分析的广义参数Williams单元

本文采用圆形奇异区广义参数Williams单元（W单元）建立了中心裂纹与圆孔共存的平面应力模型,奇异区外围利用ABAQUS有限元软件自动网格离散技术与FORTRAN95编程前处理相结合,克服了自主编程中网格离散的局限性．算例分析了圆孔位置和几何参数对I-II混合型裂纹尖端应力强度因子(SIFs)的影响,并与扩展有限元法(XFEM)计算结果进行比较．结果表明：靠近圆孔一侧的裂尖SIFs大于远离圆孔一侧的裂尖SIFs;控制圆孔左边缘到裂纹中心的距离,则两侧裂尖SIFs随圆孔半径的增大而增大;圆孔中心与裂纹中心水平距离越远,圆孔对裂纹扩展的影响越小．同时,基于圆形奇异区的W单元直接计算得到的裂尖SIFs与扩展有限元法得到的解吻合较好,证明了W单元对奇异区离散形状不敏感,且具有高效率和高精度．     

断裂问题分析的Williams广义参数单元

结合Ⅱ型断裂问题.研究建立了裂尖区应力强度因子计算的Williams广义参数单元和过渡单元.结合Williams级数解和广义参数有限元法,研究建立了弹性断裂问题的Williams广义参数单元计算格式;同时为了方便连接奇异区的Williams单元和常规区域的普通等参单元,建立了过渡单元模型.结合算例详细分析了计算模型中径向高散因子、离散数以及Williams级数项对计算结果的影响,并给出了建议值,同时研究了矩形板尺寸对Ⅱ型应力强度因子的影响.证实了解析解的局限性.计算结果表明,由于Williams单元位移模型中含有与应力强度因子直接相关的参数,所以可以避免传统有限元法需通过其他物理量间接计算应力强度因子的缺陷,且Williams单元具有较高的精度,构造使用方便.     

利用边界单元法求平面问题应力强度因子K_I的应力-位移杂交法

本文提出用裂尖附近2点或3点的应力和位移计算应力强度因子K_I的杂交方法.这种方法充分利用了边界单元法的计算结果,考虑了裂尖应力场和位移场渐近展开式的高阶项,使用远离裂尖的点算出的K_I也有较好的精度,拟合线十分平坦.用算例的结果将杂交法与一般的位移法和应力法进行了比较,同时,对常量单元和线性单元也进行了比较.     

基于应力比值法的V形切口应力强度因子分析

本文基于有限元分析技术建立了一种应力比值方法,用于计算V形切口的应力强度因子。该方法不需要在V形切口尖端采用反映应力奇异性的奇异单元。求解时,首先给定参考问题的广义应力强度因子,然后利用待求问题的应力值与参考问题的应力值之间的比值来求解待求问题的广义应力强度因子。算例采用切口尖端应力方法分析了平板的V形切口问题。计算结果表明,该方法计算精度较高,能够方便地用于求解相关的工程问题。     

三维裂纹体应力强度因子的计算

本文采用塌缩三棱柱形奇异单元的位移计算应力强度因子，给出了一个新的全三维外推公式，它是Ｃｈｅｎ和Ｋｕａｎｇ公式〔１３〕的全三维推广，特例证明，它的精度比Ｉｎ－ｇｒａｆｆｅａ和Ｍａｎｕ的公式〔８〕高一阶。数值计算表明，结果稳定和对单元尺寸改变不敏感     

直接增强自然单元法计算应力强度因子

自然单元法是一种新兴的无网格数值计算方法,但应用于裂纹问题计算时,其近似函数并不能准确反映裂纹尖端渐进应力场的奇异性,为获得足够的计算精度,需要在缝尖附近增大结点的布置密度。针对裂纹问题提出一种增强的自然单元法,将缝尖渐近位移场函数嵌入到自然单元法近似函数中,给出了增强试函数的构造方法,推导了总体刚度矩阵和荷载列阵的相关列式。应力强度因子可以作为附加未知量直接算得,也可用J积分或相互作用能量积分方法进行计算,对增强区域的选择和影响进行了分析。算例结果表明,基于增强自然单元法采用围线积分方法计算应力强度因子具有很高的精度,但直接以附加结点自由度形式计算则精度有所降低。     

三维界面裂纹的奇性应力场和应力强度因子分析

使用有限部积分概念和极限方法得到了三维平片界面裂纹的超奇异积分－微分方程组后,进一步利用二维超奇异积分主部分析方法,对裂纹前沿的应力场作了理论分析,并获得了其奇性应力场和裂纹面位移间断表示复位应力强度因子的精确表达式,为三维平片界面裂纹的超奇异积分－微分方程组的求解建立了数值方法,并分析了界面椭圆平片裂纹问题,和现有解比较,所得数值结果令人满意。     

含轴向表面裂纹海洋管道的应力强度因子分析

基于权函数方法,对表面含有轴向裂纹的海洋管道进行分析,给出了计算裂纹前端应力强度因子的积分表达式,进一步导出了满足工程精度要求的应力强度因子的实用计算公式.研究了具有此类裂纹的海洋管道在内压作用下,裂纹最深点和表面点的应力强度因子随裂纹深度和裂纹纵横比的变化规律,并对其可靠度进行了评估.数值结果表明:含轴向裂纹海洋管道的应力强度因子随裂纹长度和深度的增加而增加;当裂纹长度和深度、管道壁厚和半径以及荷载为随机变量时,其可靠度随压力均值的增大而减少.该方法为海底管道的断裂计算和可靠性分析提供了参考依据.     

A singular element for calculating the stress intensity factor

This paper proposes a new type of special element (sectorial singular element) for calculating the linear elastic stress intensity factor. The shape of element not only accords with the demands of finite element analysis, but also coincides with the theory of linear elastic fracture mechanics. The accuracy and economy of the result in this paper are satisfactory.     

Determination of stress intensity factor with direct stress approach using finite element analysis

In this article,a direct stress approach based on finite element analysis to determine the stress intensity fac-tor is improved.Firstly,by comparing the rigorous solution against the asymptotic solution for a problem of an infinite plate embedded a central crack,we found that the stresses in a restrictive interval near the crack tip given by the rigorous solution can be used to determine the stress intensity fac-tor,which is nearly equal to the stress intensity factor given by the asymptotic solution.Secondly,the crack problem is solved numerically by the finite element method.Depending on the modeling capability of the software,we designed an adaptive mesh model to simulate the stress singularity.Thus, the stress result in an appropriate interval near the crack tip is fairly approximated to the rigorous solution of the corre-sponding crack problem.Therefore,the stress intensity factor may be calculated from the stress distribution in the appro-priate interval,with a high accuracy.     

无额外自由度广义有限元非线性分析

将无额外自由度的广义有限元法由线弹性分析扩展到弹塑性大变形分析.局部强化函数的构建依赖于已有节点,不引入额外自由度,避免了线性相关性问题.在更新拉格朗日框架下,通过控制方程弱形式的线性化推导得到了节点内力的率形式,并分为材料和几何两部分.考虑超弹性和亚弹-塑性两种材料模型,采用Newton-Raphson迭代求解,给出...     

焊接节点半椭圆表面裂纹应力强度因子的权函数计算

本文采用一种改进的权函数法来计算焊接节点半椭圆表面裂纹应力强度因子ＫＩ值，并给出了相应的数值处理方法，就Ｔ型板节点进行了数值验算。     

Stress intensity factor measurement of cracks using a piezoelectric element

We present a stress intensity factor (SIF) measurement method of cracks using a piezoelectric element and electrostatic voltmeter. In the method, an isotropic piezoelectric element is first adhered near the crack tip. Then, the surface electrodes are attached to the three different positions on the piezoelectric element. The electric potentials of the surface electrodes, which are proportional to the strain sum (ɛ_x+ɛ_y) on the structural member, are measured by an electrostatic voltmeter during load cycling. Mode I and mode II SIFs of the crack are estimated using the relationship between the SIF and (σ_x+σ_y). The applicability of the proposed method is examined through experiments and numerical analysis.     

Mixed-mode thermal stress intensity factors from the finite element discretized symplectic method

A finite element discretized symplectic method is introduced to find the thermal stress intensity factors (TSIFs) under steady-state thermal loading by symplectic expansion. The cracked body is modeled by the conventional finite elements and divided into two regions: near and far fields. In the near field, Hamiltonian systems are established for the heat conduction and thermoelasticity problems respectively. Closed form temperature and displacement functions are expressed by symplectic eigen-solutions in polar coordinates. Combined with the analytic symplectic series and the classical finite elements for arbitrary boundary conditions, the main unknowns are no longer the nodal temperature and displacements but are the coefficients of the symplectic series after matrix transformation. The TSIFs, temperatures, displacements and stresses at the singular region are obtained simultaneously without any post-processing. A number of numerical examples as well as convergence studies are given and are found to be in good agreement with the existing solutions.     

完备型二次边界轮廓法的研究及J积分和应力强度因子的计算

选择二次完全多项多作为位移形函数,对边界轮廓法作了进一步的发展,证明二维弹性断裂问题的Ｊ积分方程的被积分函数的散度等于零,将Ｊ积分化为边界点的势函数数值的计算,无需计算数值积分,算例表明,该方法较传统边界元法求得的结果精度更好。