地震作用下MSCSS控制优化参数研究

通过利用复模态分析法定义巨子型结构体系MSCSS(Mega-sub Controlled Structure System)的动力放大系数DMF(Dynamic Magnification Factor)表达式,取激励接近结构基频频段内的动力放大系数为指标,反映了结构各部分参数设置(质量比、刚度比、附加阻尼比及附加柱刚度比)对结构调频减震机理的影响。并采用最大最小化准则选取结构的最优参数范围,该分析法适用于分析不同巨层MSCSS的参数设置。     

地震作用下巨子型有控结构的半主动控制研究

在巨子型有控结构(MSCSS)的巨结构、子结构之间设置磁流变(MR)阻尼器,利用模糊神经网络建立了MR阻尼器的控制规则,并且运用遗传算法对控制器的规则库进行优化,研究了MSCSS在地震作用下的半主动控制问题。时程分析结果表明:在El-Centro地震波和Taft地震波作用下,本文建立的MR阻尼器均能很好地发挥调频子结构的减振功能,使巨结构的响应大为减小,两种地震波下结构顶层位移响应最大值的降幅分别为64%和74%,而层间位移响应的减小幅度也分别达到42%和61%。利用概率密度演化算法计算了结构在强度-频率双非平稳地震谱激励下的随机振动,计算结果显示本文对MSCSS进行的半主动控制能够使结构顶层位移均方响应峰值降低79%,提高了结构的抗震性能。     

基于复模态反应谱法的MSCSS控制特性研究

巨子型结构体系(Mega-sub Controlled Structure System,即MSCSS)作为一种新型超高层建筑结构体系,由于其特殊的构造特性使得结构体系的阻尼矩阵呈现出非经典阻尼的分布特征。为准确高效地研究MSCSS的控制特性,避免强迫解耦和时程分析法所带来的误差与不足,文中基于复模态理论对非经典阻尼系统进行解耦,验证了基于复模态的CCQC法(Complex Complete Quadratic Combination)对MSCSS的适用性,采用CCQC法对MSCSS进行抗震分析。结果显示出MSCSS优于MFS(Mega Frame Structure)的抗震特性,并且MSCSS的控制特性主要体现在含有调频子结构的巨层。     

附加黏滞阻尼器减震结构基于性能的抗震设计方法

本文以位移设计方法的概念为主,结合能力谱法提出附加黏滞流体阻尼器结构基于位移的初步设计方法.首先讨论了减震结构基于性能设计方法的实现途径并加以比较;其次定量研究了使用加速度反应谱转换为位移反应谱的条件,分析指出真实位移反应谱(均值)与转换得到的位移反应谱随着场地特征周期的增大,两者之间的差值逐渐增大;在场地条件相同的情况下,阻尼比越大两者的差异也越大.最后结合我国抗震设计规范,给出了主体结构保持弹性状态时,非迭代法确定附加黏滞流体阻尼器的减震结构设计流程.非线性时程分析结果表明该设计方法实用、有效.     

基于附加虚拟质量的结构损伤识别方法

针对大型土木结构的模态信息往往对局部损伤灵敏度较低的特点,提出通过在各个子结构上附加虚拟质量的方法提高局部灵敏度,实现整体结构的准确损伤识别。该方法无需在结构上布置真实质量,它首先利用虚拟变形法（VDM）可进行结构快速重分析的思想,由实测结构的激励和加速度响应,构造结构附加虚拟质量后虚拟结构的频率响应;然后结合灵敏度分析和附加质量与频率关系,确定所需附加质量和对应具有较高灵敏度的频率;最后分别在每个子结构上附加虚拟质量,联合所有虚拟结构和对应的频率即可准确快速地识别出整体结构各个子结构的损伤。本文通过两层平面框架有限元模型验证了附加质量损伤识别方法的有效性。     

近断层地震动作用下地铁车站中柱减震效果研究

为研究近断层地震动作用下地铁车站中柱减震效果,本文首先从PEER强震数据库中选取我国台湾集集大地震中典型近断层地震动记录,进行了近断层地震动频谱特性分析。然后,以某地铁车站为背景,分别建立中柱安装橡胶隔振支座和没有安装橡胶隔振支座的土-地铁车站结构相互作用体系有限元模型。在此基础上,选取4条具有明显脉冲特性的近断层地震动记录和El Centro波作为输入,对土-地铁车站结构相互作用体系进行了地震反应分析,对比分析了减震模型和原型结构的位移响应和应力响应等结果,探讨了近断层地震动作用下地铁车站中柱的减震效果。结果表明:近断层脉冲型地震动具有较大的加速度、速度和位移时程幅值,并有明显的速度脉冲效应,0.1～1Hz的低频成分丰富;在地铁车站中柱柱端安装橡胶支座后,改变了车站结构的传力机制,使得顶板的内力及变形不能有效的传递到中柱上,起到了非常明显的减震效果;中柱增设橡胶支座后结构整体刚度变小,车站结构侧墙内力和水平变形较原型结构有明显增大。     

桁架结构的拓扑优化设计

本文提出了一种杆系结构的拓扑优化设计方法。在本方法中,通过求解一个给出位移场的线性规划确定出结构的新的拓扑形式;将m个位移约束与n个应力约束等效为n个独立的应力约束;接着,利用专家系统技术对所得到的具有新拓扑的结构进行机动性分析並提供修改方案。几个数值实例说明了本方法的可行性。     

多自应力模态索穹顶结构的几何构造分析

索穹顶结构是发展和推广Fuller张拉整体结构思想后唯一实现的一种新型大跨空间结构,它的几何构造分析是一项非常重要的工作。本文在对一般空间杆件体系的分类、自应力模态和机构位移模态研究的基础上,从索穹顶结构特有的杆件拓扑关系入手,提出了单位整体可行预应力这一新概念,并最终解决了多自应力模态下该体系稳定性判定问题;通过对若干类型索穹顶结构的几何构造分析,得出了一些对结构设计有用的结论。     

U型充液管道的流固耦合分析

基于流固耦合原理,在ADINA软件中建立了U型充液管道的有限元模型,对其进行了流固耦合模态分析,研究了壁厚对管道固有频率的影响;并对简支U型管道的充液过程进行了数值仿真,研究了充液加速度和壁厚对管道位移及应力的影响。结果表明:随着模态阶数的增加,管道的固有频率逐渐增大;在无耦合时计算的管道固有频率大于流固耦合状态时的结果,管道固有频率随壁厚的增加呈非线性增加;在充液过程中U型管道的最大应力出现在弯头处;在充液过程中管道的位移与应力随充液加速度的增大而增大,随壁厚的增大而减小;但无论充液加速度多大,充液后管道的最终位移基本相同。     

结构动态应力计算方法研究

复杂结构动态应力的准确计算是一个没有圆满解决的问题。本文以最小余能原理为基础，提出了计算结构动态应力的最小伤痛有法。该方法采用二次分析思想，首先采用常规有限元对结构进行适当离散，计算输出结构所需应力区域的有限元结点位移和加速度动力时程反应，再应用最小余能法计算所求部位的动态应力值。这种方法的优点是它可以与现有的有限元程序有机结合，方便使用；动应力在区域内的分布规律可以由计算者根据具体情况而确定，一般情况下，可以选用二次曲线来逼近动应力在区域内的实际分布，避免了常规有限元法计算结构动应力时必须对单元形函数求导的做法，从而提高了动应力计算精度。计算结果表明：本文方法计算结构动态应力结果较常规有限元法的计算结果有明显改进，特别是当结构变化剧烈时，改进效果更为明显。     

Ellipsoidal-bound convex model for the non-linear buckling of a column with uncertain initial imperfection

Ellipsoidal-bound convex model approach for computing the non-linear buckling load of a non-linear elastic foundation-based column with uncertain initial imperfection is presented. In this study, the uncertain initial deflections are considered to be unknown except that they belong to a given set in the ellipsoidal space. The non-zero central values for uncertain initial deflections are considered here, so this is the general case. It is different from Ref. [I. Elishakoff, G.Q. Cai, J.H. Starnes Jr., Non-linear buckling of a column with initial imperfection via stochastic and non-stochastic convex models, Int. J. Non-Linear Mech. 29(1) (1994) 71-82], where only the zero central values for them are considered. On the other hand, the presented ellipsoidal-bound convex model is directly based on the exact model, whereas convex models in previous literatures are based on the first-order or second-order approximate models to solve uncertain problems. The influences of the central values and bounds of uncertain initial deflections on the buckling load are investigated. Comparisons between the ellipsoidal-bound convex model and interval-bound convex model are performed, where the stochastic results at different reliability levels and different truncated normal distribution are taken as the benchmarks of accuracy for judgment.     

Some insights into structure instability and the second-order work criterion

This paper is an attempt to extend the approach of the second-order work criterion to the analysis of structural system instability. Elastic structural systems with a finite number of freedoms and subjected to a given loading are considered. It is shown that a general equation, relating the second-order time derivative of the kinetic energy to the second-order work, can be derived for kinetic perturbations. The case of constant, nonconservative loadings are then investigated, putting forward the role of the spectral properties of the symmetric part of the tangent stiffness matrix in the occurrence of instability. As an illustration, the case of the generalized Ziegler column is considered and the case of aircraft wings subjected to aeroelastic effects is investigated. In the both cases, the consequences of additional kinematic constraints are discussed.     

On the propagation of statistical model parameter uncertainty in CFD calculations

This work considers a new class of finite-volume approximations for scalar and system nonlinear conservation laws with multiple sources of stochastic model parameter uncertainty. The deterministic propagation of model parameter uncertainty is achieved through the introduction of additional stochastic coordinates. Particular attention is given to the construction of specialized piecewise polynomial approximation spaces well suited to the high-order accurate approximation of solution discontinuities in both physical and stochastic dimensions without exhibiting Gibbs-like oscillations characteristic of polynomial approximation. The proposed discretization easily retrofits existing finite-volume CFD codes in use today. Numerical results are presented for inviscid Burgers equation with uncertain initial data as well as the compressible Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations with uncertain boundary data and turbulence model parameters.     

STOCHASTIC OPTIMAL CONTROL OF HYSTERETIC SYSTEMS UNDER EXTERNALLY AND PARAMETRICALLY RANDOM EXCITATIONS

A stochastic optimal control method for nonlinear hysteretic systems under exter-nally and/or parametrically random excitations is presented and illustrated with an example ofhysteretic column system.A hysteretic system subject to random excitation is first replaced bya nonlinear non-hysteretic stochastic system.An It stochastic differential equation for the to-tal energy of the system as a one-dimensional controlled diffusion process is derived by usingthe stochastic averaging method of energy envelope.A dynamical programming equation is thenestablished based on the stochastic dynamical programming principle and solved to yield the op-timal control force.Finally,the responses of uncontrolled and controlled systems are evaluatedto determine the control efficacy.It is shown by numerical results that the proposed stochasticoptimal control method is more effective and efficient than other optimal control methods.     

An analysis of the effect of tension induced damage on creep buckling of columns

The influence of tension induced Kachanov-Rabotnov type damage on the buckling of a Shanley column model is investigated. Both instantaneous and delayed buckling are shown to occur when the state of the column, represented by load-deflection-damage, reaches a certain surface, the instability surface. The special case of purely brittle buckling is studied in some detail.     

On the stability of systems with stochastically variable parameters

The paper analyzes questions related to the construction of dynamic stability boundaries of elastic systems subjected to stochastic parametric excitation. It is supposed that the parametric action is a combination of a deterministic static component and a stochastic fluctuating component. The fluctuating component is taken to be a stationary ergodic process. The stability boundaries are built in the region of combination resonance using the stochastic averaging method and a probabilistic approach due to Khasminskii. In this connection, the stochastic averaging method based on the Stratonovich-Khasminskii theory is used. The probabilistic approach consists in using explicit asymptotic expressions for the largest Lyapunov exponent, from which the asymptotic stability boundaries are determined. As an application, the stability of a simply supported thin-walled bar subjected to a stochastically varying longitudinal load is investigated Published in Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 41, No. 12, pp. 128–138, December 2005.     

Uncertainty quantification in a chemical system using error estimate-based mesh adaption

This paper describes a rigorous a posteriori error analysis for the stochastic solution of non-linear uncertain chemical models. The dual-based a posteriori stochastic error analysis extends the methodology developed in the deterministic finite elements context to stochastic discretization frameworks. It requires the resolution of two additional (dual) problems to yield the local error estimate. The stochastic error estimate can then be used to adapt the stochastic discretization. Different anisotropic refinement strategies are proposed, leading to a cost-efficient tool suitable for multi-dimensional problems of moderate stochastic dimension. The adaptive strategies allow both for refinement and coarsening of the stochastic discretization, as needed to satisfy a prescribed error tolerance. The adaptive strategies were successfully tested on a model for the hydrogen oxidation in supercritical conditions having 8 random parameters. The proposed methodologies are however general enough to be also applicable for a wide class of models such as uncertain fluid flows.     

A theoretical analysis on stochastic behaviour of short cracks and fatigue damage of metals

In this paper, the closed form of solution to the stochastic differential equation for a fatigue crack evolution system is derived, and the relationship between metal fatigue damage and crack stochastic behaviour is investigated. It is found that the damage extent of metals is independent of crack stochastic behaviour if the stochastic deviation of the crack growth rate is directly proportional to its mean value. The evolution of stochastic deviation of metal fatigue damage in the stage close to the transition point between short and long crack regimes is also discussed.     

Investigating the stabilizing effect of stochastic excitation on a chaotic dynamical system

The response of an interactive Mathieu–Duffing system in R ⁴, subjected to a harmonic excitation is investigated. For a deterministic circular frequency, chaotic behavior is observed. Subsequently it is shown that when the excitation becomes stochastic, chaos is subsided and trajectories tend to a diffused attracting set. The stabilizing effect of stochastic excitation is verified by finding the largest Lyapunov exponent for the two cases.