Bilinear forms on exact operator spaces andB(H)⊗B(H)

LetE, F be exact operator spaces (for example subspaces of theC ^*-algebraK(H) of all the compact operators on an infinite dimensional Hilbert spaceH). We study a class of bounded linear mapsu: E →F ^* which we call tracially bounded. In particular, we prove that every completely bounded (in shortc.b.) mapu: E →F ^* factors boundedly through a Hilbert space. This is used to show that the setOS _n of alln-dimensional operator spaces equipped with thec.b. version of the Banach Mazur distance is not separable ifn>2. As an application we whow that there is more than oneC ^*-norm onB (H) ? B (H), or equivalently that $$B(H) \otimes _{\min } B(H) \ne B(H) \otimes _{\max } B(H),$$ which answers a long standing open question. Finally we show that every “maximal” operator space (in the sense of Blecher-Paulsen) is not exact in the infinite dimensional case, and in the finite dimensional case, we give a lower bound for the “exactness constant”. In the final section, we introduce and study a new tensor product forC ^*-albegras and for operator spaces, closely related to the preceding results.     

Closed embeddings of Hilbert spaces

Motivated by questions related to embeddings of homogeneous Sobolev spaces and to comparison of function spaces and operator ranges, we introduce the notion of closely embedded Hilbert spaces as an extension of that of continuous embedding of Hilbert spaces. We show that this notion is a special case of that of Hilbert spaces induced by unbounded positive selfadjoint operators that corresponds to kernel operators in the sense of L. Schwartz. Certain canonical representations and characterizations of uniqueness of closed embeddings are obtained. We exemplify these constructions by closed, but not continuous, embeddings of Hilbert spaces of holomorphic functions. An application to the closed embedding of a homogeneous Sobolev space on Rn in L₂(Rn), based on the singular integral operator associated to the Riesz potential, and a comparison to the case of the singular integral operator associated to the Bessel potential are also presented. As a second application we show that a closed embedding of two operator ranges corresponds to absolute continuity, in the sense of T. Ando, of the corresponding kernel operators.     

Algebraic properties and the finite rank problem for Toeplitz operators on the Segal-Bargmann space

We study three different problems in the area of Toeplitz operators on the Segal-Bargmann space in Cn. Extending results obtained previously by the first author and Y.L. Lee, and by the second author, we first determine the commutant of a given Toeplitz operator with a radial symbol belonging to the class Sym_>0(Cn) of symbols having certain growth at infinity. We then provide explicit examples of zero-products of non-trivial Toeplitz operators. These examples show the essential difference between Toeplitz operators on the Segal-Bargmann space and on the Bergman space over the unit ball. Finally, we discuss the “finite rank problem”. We show that there are no non-trivial rank one Toeplitz operators Tf for f∈Sym_>0(Cn). In all these problems, the growth at infinity of the symbols plays a crucial role.     

Gaussian white noise with trajectories in the space S′(H)

In this paper we construct a Gaussian white noise with trajectories in the space of generalized functions over S with values in a separable Hilbert space H. We obtain a solution to the Cauchy problem for a linear differential-operator equation with additive white noise as a generalized random process with trajectories in the space of exponential distributions. We prove the existence of a solution in the case when the operator coefficient A generates a C ₀-semigroup and in the case when A generates an integrated semigroup.     

Tail Asymptotics for the Supremum of a Random Walk when the Mean Is not Finite

We consider the sums S _n =ξ₁+?+ξ _n of independent identically distributed random variables. We do not assume that the ξ's have a finite mean. Under subexponential type conditions on distribution of the summands, we find the asymptotics of the probability P{M>x} as x→∞, provided that M=sup {S _n ,n≥1} is a proper random variable. Special attention is paid to the case of tails which are regularly varying at infinity. We provide some sufficient conditions for the integrated weighted tail distribution to be subexponential. We supplement these conditions by a number of examples which cover both the infinite- and the finite-mean cases. In particular, we show that the subexponentiality of distribution F does not imply the subexponentiality of its integrated tail distribution F ^I.     

On a sufficient condition for regularizability of linear inverse problems

We study the regularizability of mappings inverse to continuous linear operators from C(0, 1) into L ₂(0, 1) and obtain a sufficient condition for the regularizability of such mappings in terms of the properties of the extended operator. We show that the obtained condition is in a sense exact.     

Characteristic function for polynomially contractive commuting tuples

In this note, we develop the theory of characteristic function as an invariant for n-tuples of operators. The operator tuple has a certain contractivity condition put on it. This condition and the class of domains in Cn that we consider are intimately related. A typical example of such a domain is the open Euclidean unit ball. Given a polynomial P in C[z₁,z₂,…,zn] whose constant term is zero, all the coefficients are nonnegative and the coefficients of the linear terms are nonzero, one can naturally associate a Reinhardt domain with it, which we call the P-ball (Definition 1.1). Using the reproducing kernel Hilbert space HP(C) associated with this Reinhardt domain in Cn, S. Pott constructed the dilation for a polynomially contractive commuting tuple (Definition 1.2) [S. Pott, Standard models under polynomial positivity conditions, J. Operator Theory 41 (1999) 365-389. MR 2000j:47019]. Given any polynomially contractive commuting tuple T we define its characteristic function θT which is a multiplier. We construct a functional model using the characteristic function. Exploiting the model, we show that the characteristic function is a complete unitary invariant when the tuple is pure. The characteristic function gives newer and simpler proofs of a couple of known results: one of them is the invariance of the curvature invariant and the other is a Beurling theorem for the canonical operator tuple on HP(C). It is natural to study the boundary behaviour of θT in the case when the domain is the Euclidean unit ball. We do that and here essential differences with the single operator situation are brought out.     

Adjoint bi-continuous semigroups and semigroups on the space of measures

For a given bi-continuous semigroup (T(t)) _t⩾0 on a Banach space X we define its adjoint on an appropriate closed subspace X° of the norm dual X′. Under some abstract conditions this adjoint semigroup is again bi-continuous with respect to the weak topology σ(X°,X). We give the following application: For Ω a Polish space we consider operator semigroups on the space C_b(Ω) of bounded, continuous functions (endowed with the compact-open topology) and on the space M(Ω) of bounded Baire measures (endowed with the weak*-topology). We show that bi-continuous semigroups on M(Ω) are precisely those that are adjoints of bi-continuous semigroups on C_b(Ω). We also prove that the class of bi-continuous semigroups on C_b(ω) with respect to the compact-open topology coincides with the class of equicontinuous semigroups with respect to the strict topology. In general, if is not a Polish space this is not the case.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">C</Emphasis>*-Algebras Generated by Mappings. Classification of Invariant Subspaces

We continue the study of an operator algebra associated with a self-mapping ? on a countable setX which can be represented as a directed graph. This C*-algebra belongs to a class of operator algebras, generated by a family of partial isometries satisfying some relations on their source and range projections. Earlier we have formulated the irreducibility criterion of such algebras, which give us a possibility to examine the structure of the corresponding Hilbert space. We will show that for reducible algebras the underlying Hilbert space can be represented either as an infinite sum of invariant subspaces or as a tensor product of a finite-dimensional Hilbert space with l²(Z). In the first case we present a conditions under which the studied algebra has an irreducible representation into a C*-algebra generated by a weighted shift operator. In the second case, the algebra has the irreducible finite-dimensional representations indexed by the unit circle.     

Grothendieck’s theorem for operator spaces

We prove several versions of Grothendieck’s Theorem for completely bounded linear maps T:E→F ^*, when E and F are operator spaces. We prove that if E, F are C ^*-algebras, of which at least one is exact, then every completely bounded T:E→F ^* can be factorized through the direct sum of the row and column Hilbert operator spaces. Equivalently T can be decomposed as T=T _r +T _c where T _r (resp. T _c ) factors completely boundedly through a row (resp. column) Hilbert operator space. This settles positively (at least partially) some earlier conjectures of Effros-Ruan and Blecher on the factorization of completely bounded bilinear forms on C ^*-algebras. Moreover, our result holds more generally for any pair E, F of “exact” operator spaces. This yields a characterization of the completely bounded maps from a C ^*-algebra (or from an exact operator space) to the operator Hilbert space OH. As a corollary we prove that, up to a complete isomorphism, the row and column Hilbert operator spaces and their direct sums are the only operator spaces E such that both E and its dual E ^* are exact. We also characterize the Schur multipliers which are completely bounded from the space of compact operators to the trace class. Oblatum 31-I-2002 & 3-IV-2002?Published online: 17 June 2002     

Singular unitary dilations

We study the problem of determining which bounded linear operator on a Hilbert space can be dilated to a singular unitary operator. Some of the partial results we obtained are (1) every strict contraction has a diagonal unitary dilation, (2) everyC ₀ contraction has a singular unitary dilation, and (3) a contraction with one of its defect indices finite has a singular unitary dilation if and only if it is the direct sum of a singular unitary operator and aC ₀(N) contraction. Such results display a scenario which is in marked contrast to that of the classical case where we have the absolute continuity of the minimal unitary power dilation of any completely nonunitary contraction.     

C *-algebras generated by partial isometries

We study the interconnection between directed graphs and operators on a Hilbert space. The intuition supporting this link is the following feature shared by partial isometries (as operators on a Hilbert space) on the one hand and edges in directed graphs on the other. A partial isometry a is an operator in a Hilbert space H, i.e., a:H→H which maps a (closed) subspace in H isometrically onto a generally different subspace. The respective subspaces are called the initial space and the final space of a. Denoting the corresponding (orthogonal) projections by p _i and p _f , note that a partial isometry a may be thought of as an edge from one vertex to another (which are not necessarily distinct) in a directed graph. And conversely, every directed graph has such a representation. Since neither the partial isometries nor the directed edges in a fixed model allow unrestricted composition, the algebraic construct which is useful is that of a groupoid. In this paper we develop this as a representation theory, and we explore the connection between realizations in the context of C ^*-algebras. The building blocks in our theory are certain matricial C ^*-algebras which we define. We then prove how they serve to localize our global representations.     

Etude locale d'opérateurs de courbure sur l'espace hyperbolique

We show in this article that, on the unit ball in, the operators of covariant and contravariant Ricci curvature, and of Einstein curvature, are locally invertible in a neighborhood of the hyperbolic metric h₀. We deduce in the C^∞ case that the image of the Riemann-Christoffel curvature operator is a submanifold in a neighborhood of h₀. We deal also with some obstructions related to the asymptotic behavior of metrics near h₀, and we treat more precisely the case of the Ricci equation in dimension 2.     

Quasi-hyperbolic semigroups

We introduce the notion of quasi-hyperbolic operators and C₀-semigroups. Examples include the push-forward operator associated with a quasi-Anosov diffeomorphism or flow. A quasi-hyperbolic operator can be characterised by a simple spectral property or as the restriction of a hyperbolic operator to an invariant subspace. There is a corresponding spectral property for the generator of a C₀-semigroup, and it characterises quasi-hyperbolicity on Hilbert spaces but not on other Banach spaces. We exhibit some weaker properties which are implied by the spectral property.     

Quasilinear hyperbolic operators with Log-Lipschitz coefficients

We know that the Cauchy problem for a linear strictly hyperbolic operator with Log-Lipschitz in time coefficients is well posed in C^∞. Here we show that the same result is valid also in the case of a quasilinear operator, but only locally in time.     

Studies of Some Curvature Operators in a Neighborhood of an Asymptotically Hyperbolic Einstein Manifold

On an asymptotically hyperbolic Einstein manifold (M,g₀) for which the Yamabe invariant of the conformal structure on the boundary at infinity is nonnegative, we show that the operators of Ricci curvature, and of Einstein curvature, are locally invertible in a neighborhood of the metric g₀. We deduce in the C^∞ case that the image of the Riemann-Christoffel curvature operator is a submanifold in a neighborhood of g₀.     

μ-Average n-Widths on the Wiener Space

In this paper we consider the μ-average widths of integral operator T^m on the Wiener space C. Some weakly asymptotically exact estimates for the Gelfand width and other widths are obtained.     

On a boundary value problem of N. I. Ionkin type

We study the spectral properties of a second-order differential operator with regular but not strongly regular boundary conditions. We show that the system of root functions of this operator contains infinitely many associated functions. We prove that a specially chosen system of root functions of this operator forms a basis in the space L _p (0, 1), 1 < p < ∞, which is unconditional for p = 2.     

On summability of weighted Lagrange interpolation. II

The aim of this paper is to continue our investigations started in [15], where we studied the summability of weighted Lagrange interpolation on the roots of orthogonal polynomials with respect to a weight function w. Starting from the Lagrange interpolation polynomials we constructed a wide class of discrete processes which are uniformly convergent in a suitable Banach space (C _ρ, ‖·‖_ρ) of continuous functions (ρ denotes (another) weight). In [15] we formulated several conditions with respect to w, ρ, (C _ρ, ‖·‖_ρ) and to summation methods for which the uniform convergence holds. The goal of this part is to study the special case when w and ρ are Freud-type weights. We shall show that the conditions of results of [15] hold in this case. The order of convergence will also be considered.     

Eigenvalue results for pseudomonotone perturbations of maximal monotone operators

Let X be an infinite-dimensional real reflexive Banach space such that X and its dual X* are locally uniformly convex. Suppose that T: X?D(T) → 2 ^X * is a maximal monotone multi-valued operator and C: X?D(C) → X* is a generalized pseudomonotone quasibounded operator with L ? D(C), where L is a dense subspace of X. Applying a recent degree theory of Kartsatos and Skrypnik, we establish the existence of an eigensolution to the nonlinear inclusion 0 ∈ T _x + λ C _x , with a regularization method by means of the duality operator. Moreover, possible branches of eigensolutions to the above inclusion are discussed. Furthermore, we give a surjectivity result about the operator λT + C when λ is not an eigenvalue for the pair (T, C), T being single-valued and densely defined.