L-抗坏血酸-2-单磷酸酯盐的研制

为了制备高效价的L-抗坏血酸-2-单磷酸酯,通过单因素及正交实验,对L-抗坏血酸与三偏磷酸钠在无催化剂存在下反应制备高效价的L-抗坏血酸-2-单磷酸酯的工艺进行了研究。结果表明:n(L-抗坏血酸):n(三偏磷酸钠)=1∶0.392、n(L-抗坏血酸)∶n(氢氧化钠)=1∶0.7、n(L-抗坏血酸)∶n(氢氧化钙)=1∶0.8,溶液pH值为9,反应温度为45℃,有效VC含量为41.8%,L-抗坏血酸-2-单磷酸酯的含量为38.3%。该工艺无需催化剂,三偏磷酸钠加入量少,有效VC和L-抗坏血酸-2-单磷酸酯含量高,反应液成冻快,适合闪蒸干燥以及分离提纯化妆品级L-抗坏血酸-2-单磷酸酯盐。     

三重-比导数分光光度法及其应用研究

提出了可以应用于三元混合物同时测定的三重 比导数分光光度法,阐述了三重 比导数分光光度法的基本原理,研究了三重 比导数分光光度法在三元复方制剂增效联磺片中磺胺甲口恶唑(SMZ)、磺胺嘧啶(SD)、甲氧苄啶(TMP)的同时测定。试验结果表明,增效联磺片中SMZ、SD、TMP的回收率分别为102 1%(RSD=2.7%,n=20)、100.5%(RSD=1.8%,n=20)、101.2%(RSD=4 3%,n=20)。     

制备型液相色谱法分离纯化3-甲基吡啶光氯化产物中的2-氯-5-三氯甲基吡啶

利用制备型高效液相色谱从3-甲基吡啶光氯化产物中分离纯化得到2-氯-5-三氯甲基吡啶,对制备色谱的洗脱方式、洗脱剂组成及浓度、进样量等参数进行了优化。使用的制备柱为Zorbax-C18柱,以乙腈-水为流动相,采用速度梯度洗脱方式进行洗脱,用二极管阵列检测器在240 nm波长下检测,进样体积为100 μL。该方法的制备回收率为82.7%,相对标准偏差为4.0%（n=5）,产品纯度为99.01%。     

鲁米诺-高锰酸钾体系化学发光法测定5-磺基水杨酸

基于碱性介质中5-磺基水杨酸对鲁米诺-KMnO4体系化学发光的增强作用,建立了流动注射化学发光法测定5-磺基水杨酸的新方法。最佳实验条件下,测定5-磺基水杨酸的线性范围为5.0×10-6~8.0×10-4mol/L,线性相关系数为0.9994(n=8),检出限为3.8×10-6mol/L(n=11),对5.0×10-5mol/L的5-磺基水杨酸进行测定,其相对标准偏差为1.4%(n=11)。方法应用于强力霉素废水中5-磺基水杨酸的测定。     

亚硫酸氢钠-过氧化氢超微弱化学发光体系用于核黄素检测

亚硫酸氢钠(Na HSO3)和过氧化氢(H2O2)反应可产生微弱的化学发光。核黄素对亚硫酸氢钠和过氧化氢的化学发光有极大的增强作用,且化学发光强度在0.02~2.0μg/m L范围内与核黄素浓度呈良好的线性关系。据此,建立了核黄素的高灵敏化学发光分析方法,方法检出限为0.007μg/m L,相对标准偏差(n=11)不大于1.6%。利用荧光光谱、化学发光谱对核黄素增强Na HSO3-H2O2体系化学发光的机理进行探讨,为该体系的应用研究提供了新思路。     

高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱法对氧化条件下缬草素降解产物的结构及氧化动力学研究

建立了评价缬草素在氧化条件下稳定性的系统方法。采用高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱(HPLC-ESI MS/MS)法对缬草素在氧化条件下(H2O2)的降解产物进行分离,并对主要降解产物进行结构鉴定,样品经Agilent Extend-C18分离,以乙腈-0.25%乙酸水溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,质谱条件为电喷雾离子源(ESI),正离子模式检测。在上述条件下,共鉴定出4个主要降解产物,其中1个由标准品对照而得,4个化合物的结构母核均为缬草醛类成分。利用HPLC测定缬草素在H2O2中不同时间点的含量变化,经计算缬草素在H2O2中的变化符合一级动力学方程,10%的原型产物发生降解的时间为0.5 h。实验从定性和定量两方面揭示了缬草素的降解机制和降解规律,可为缬草素或含有缬草素的中药制剂的进一步研究与应用提供依据。     

反相高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射检测法测定紫苏子油中的α-亚麻酸

建立了反相高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射检测器(RP-HPLC-ELSD)测定紫苏子油中α-亚麻酸含量的方法。紫苏子油样用0.5m o l/L的KOH-CH3OH溶液于60℃水浴中皂化20m in、6m o l/L的盐酸酸化后用无水乙醚萃取,再用氮气流吹干乙醚,用甲醇溶解并定容,然后直接进行RP-HPLC-ELSD分析。结果表明,当α-亚麻酸质量为6.2~45.4μg时,其峰面积A的对数(lgA)与α-亚麻酸质量m(μg)的对数(lgm)呈线性关系,线性方程为lgA=1.367 5.lgm-1.628,相关系数为0.997 3(n=5)。以信噪比S/N=3计算,方法的检出限为0.11μg。被分析的紫苏子油中α-亚麻酸的含量为6.79%(质量分数),相对标准偏差(RSD)为5.1%(n=5);平均回收率为102%,RSD为6.3%(n=5)。该方法简单、快速、准确。     

反相高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射检测法测定紫苏子油中的α-亚麻酸

建立了反相高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射检测器(RP-HPLC-ELSD)测定紫苏子油中α-亚麻酸含量的方法。紫苏子油样用0.5 mol/L的KOH-CH3OH溶液于60 ℃水浴中皂化20 min、6 mol/L的盐酸酸化后用无水乙醚萃取,再用氮气流吹干乙醚，用甲醇溶解并定容,然后直接进行RP-HPLC-ELSD分析。结果表明,当α-亚麻酸质量为6.2～45.4 μg时,其峰面积A的对数(lg A)与α-亚麻酸质量m(μg)的对数(lg m)呈线性关系,线性方程为lg A=1.3675·lg m－1.628,相关系数为0.9973(n＝5)。以信噪比S/N=3计算,方法的检出限为0.11 μg。被分析的紫苏子油中α-亚麻酸的含量为6.79%(质量分数),相对标准偏差(RSD)为5.1%(n=5)；平均回收率为102%,RSD为6.3%(n=5)。该方法简单、快速、准确。     

5-（5-氯-2-吡啶偶氮）-2,4-二氨基甲苯褪色光度法测定牛血清蛋白

在pH 2.4的Britton-Robinson(B-R)缓冲溶液中,5-(5-氯-2-吡啶偶氮)-2,4-二氨基甲苯(5-Cl-PADAT)与牛血清蛋白相互作用形成复合物而导致溶液吸收光谱发生变化,用分光光度法对光谱变化进行了研究.5-Cl-PADAT溶液在430 nm处有一个强的特征吸收峰,当在其溶液中加入牛血清蛋白后,溶液发生褪色现象,吸收峰强度降低,且没有新的吸收峰出现,吸光度降低值(ΔA)与牛血清蛋白的浓度(c)成正比.在选择的最佳试验条件下,牛血清蛋白浓度与ΔA的线性方程为ΔA=0.8141c+0.0041(r=0.9996),线性范围为1.071×10-9～5.902×10-9 mol/L,检出限为5.36×10-10 mol/L,该方法的回收率为96.9%～107.1%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.4%～2.3%(n=6).     

2-(5-溴-2-吡啶偶氮)-5-二甲氨基苯胺浊点萃取-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定水中痕量Cu(Ⅱ)

以2-(5-溴-2-吡啶偶氮)-5-二甲氨基苯胺(5-Br-PADMA)为螯合剂,Triton X-114为萃取剂,建立了浊点萃取-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定超痕量Cu(Ⅱ)的新方法。研究了溶液pH、螯合剂和表面活性剂浓度、平衡温度和时间等因素对浊点萃取的影响。优化条件为:pH=5.0 HAc-NaAc缓冲溶液,0.35 mL 5.0×10-4 mol/L 5-BrPADMA,1.0mL 1.0%Triton X-114,60℃保温15min。方法的线性范围为0.05~4.0ng/mL,检出限为0.017ng/mL,相对标准偏差为3.1%(n=10),富集因子为48。方法用于水样中痕量Cu(Ⅱ)的测定,加标回收率在97.0%~102.0%之间。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.