实验创新思维的赏析与尝试

实验是物理学的基础,考查实验能力在高考物理中一直占有重要的地位.高考物理实验题的考查目标定位在笔试的形式下考查学生的实验能力.而且随着教育改革的不断深入,实验试题的要求也在逐步提高.     

一次物理实验探究和优化的思考

物理实验的考查和对探究动手能力的培养,是物理学科考查学生的重要能力之一.在实验教学过程中,要讲清原理,规范操作,学会误差分析法,更重要的是明确实验教学不能拘泥于课本,并由此培养创新精神和科学素养.本文由"电源电动势和内电阻测定"的实验教学,浅谈物理实验探究和优化的思考.     

一道高考题的新解法

2011年陕西、山西、宁夏等省、自治区高考使用新课程理综卷,物理题延续了往年的稳定,又体现了"稳中有新,稳中有进".第24题是物理力学解答题,该题贴近生活,注重学以致用,主要考查考生对物理定律的基本应用能力,考查考生的分析综合能力,也是对物理模型的建立和应用的考查.该题常规解法     

重视高考计算题中的非智力因素得分

历年高考都把对能力的考核放在首位,而物理计算题可以综合地考查学生的物理知识和应用能力.因此很多考生认为物理计算题情境复杂,突出考查学生综合分析能力,很难得分,所以宁愿放弃这几道计算题,把时间放在化学和生物上面,而高考物理试题中,计算题部分所占比分较大,约为50%,一般是三道大题,单题分值近20分,2008年全国理综试卷第25题的分值22分.     

图像法在2013年高考物理解题中的应用

物理图像能形象地表达物理规律,直观地描述物理过程,是分析物理问题的有效手段,当然也是高考的重点和热点.纵观2013年高考全国各个省市的14套物理试卷,不难看出都注重了对图像问题的考查.大部分试卷的图像试题量在2~3题甚至更多,并且涉及选择、填空、实验、解答等各种题型中,对图像问题的考查可以分为图像的选择、图像的转化、运用图像法求解物理问题以及利用图像处理实验数据     

2022年高考河北物理实验试题分析

实验教学在中学物理教学中具有重要的地位和作用,以2022年高考河北物理实验试题为例,分析高考实验题所考查的物理学科知识、学生需具备的关键能力以及对物理实验教学的指导意义.     

IGCSE考试与苏州中考物理实验笔试题的对比研究

我国中考主要用笔试题考查学生的物理实验技能,实验笔试题的命题方式对初中物理实验教学具有引导作用.本文将近3年IGCSE物理实验笔试卷的78道题和近10年苏州中考38道物理实验笔试题从考试结构、实验情境与科学探究能力这3方面进行了比较,得到一些可借鉴的结论,在此基础上提出了对初中物理实验笔试题的命题建议.     

应重视实验操作步骤的教学

1987年高考物理试卷中实验题有三道小题,都是考查课本上必做的学生分组实验操作步骤的试题.试题没有要求考生背诵步骤的全过程,而颇有新意地要求考生填写漏写的步骤和纠正某些操作规则.这些步骤和规则都是基本的,也是非常重要的,不仅是每个受过普通高中教育的学生应该掌握,而且只有真正动手做过实验的学生才能够掌握.因此,可以讲这几道实验题出的比较适度,难易程度也有分寸,较好地考查了考生对实验的理解和掌握程度.     

发展实验思维能力 促进实验能力提升——2009年至2019年高考全国卷Ⅰ物理实验题分析及教学启示

物理实验思维能力是物理实验能力的核心,提升学生的物理实验能力首先要发展学生的物理实验思维能力.通过建构物理实验思维结构并分析近11年来高考物理实验题对学生实验思维结构中思维内容和过程两方面的考查情况,总结出解决高考重点实验问题所需的实验思维材料以及常用的思维方法,为实验教学中提升思维主体要素、全面促进学生实验思维能力的发展提出合理建议.     

高考物理实验命题引领实验教学

高考物理实验题是近几年一直热门的,把握实验题的考查方向是高考物理得高分的利器.本文主要是从课堂实验教学中所设计的几种实验来阐述课堂实验教学对高考物理实验题的影响.     

O.E.E.C. seminar on the use of television for the teaching of science

Under the direction of M. Henri Dieuzeide, who is head of Educational Television in France, the Organization for European Economic Cooperation held a five-day seminar at Ashridge College in July 1960. It was attended by educational authorities concerned with school science television broadcasting, heads of educational television programmes, science producers of schools programmes from 15 countries, and observers from the European Broadcasting Union, the Ford Foundation, the National Science Foundation (U.S.A.), UNESCO., the National Film and Television Council, and the International Scientific Film Association.     

An E.L.S., A.E.S. and L.E.E.D. study of the interaction of O2 with Pd(111) surface

The interaction of oxygen with a Palladium (111) single crystal has been studied using L.E.E.D., A.E.S., E.L.S. techniques at room temperature in the range 10^-7 to 1 torr. Various amounts of two types of chemisorbed oxygen (well-ordered and disordered) are detected. The characteristic energy losses are attributed to different electronic states : surface , volume and particular states induced by oxygen.     

The E.S.R. spectrum of the tropolonyl radical

The many-body diagrammatic Rayleigh-Schrödinger perturbation theory (RSPT) is used for the calculation of ionization potentials of open-shell systems with one unpaired electron. This theoretical approach is tested on the simple examples of NO₂ and NF₂ molecules described by the INDO semi-empirical hamiltonian. The first- and second-order results are presented.     

E.S.R. evidence for the planarity of the t-butyl radical

Monte Carlo calculations are reported for the radial distribution function g ₂(r; λ) of a fluid in which the intermolecular pair potential is [u ^ref(r) + λu ^p(r)], u ^ref(r) being the Weeks-Chandler-Andersen (WCA) reference fluid, and [u ^ref(r) + u ^p(r)] being the Lennard-Jones (6, 12) fluid. The calculations are performed for λ values in the range 0 to 1, at the state condition ρσ³ = 0·80, kT/ε = 0·719. It is shown that at high densities the perturbation expansion of g ₂(r; λ = 1) about g ₂(r; λ = 0) is rapidly convergent, but that the corresponding expansion for y ₂(r; λ) = exp [βu(r; λ)] × g ₂(r; λ) is not. In addition Monte Carlo estimates of the individual terms that contribute to the first-order perturbation term, (?g ₂/?λ)_λ=0, are presented. It is shown that these terms are individually large, but that (?g ₂/?λ)_λ=0 is small because there is strong cancellation between the various terms. Consequently, the calculation of (?g ₂/?λ)_λ=0 is highly sensitive to the approximation used to evaluate the individual terms.     

E.P.R. evidence for the non-planarity of t-butyl radical

A discussion is given of the form of the scattering tensor of all possible normal modes in all possible electronically degenerate states of the important crystallographic point groups with doubly and triply degenerate representations. Arguments are put forward that asymmetric tensors do not contribute to the intensity of totally symmetric modes in electronically degenerate states. However, such tensors can contribute to the intensity of some of the other modes. The form of the scattering tensor is obtained from a study of corresponding transitions if the symmetry of the molecule is lowered so that degeneracies are removed. This lower symmetry situation is so chosen that it belongs to a group which is the subgroup of highest symmetry of the group which describes the symmetry of the molecule having degenerate electronic states.