Infrared spectra of nitric oxide adsorbed on photoreduced V/SiO2 catalyst

Studies of the IR spectra of surface species produced via NO adsorption on selectively photoreduced V/SiO₂ catalysts indicate that at low coverages NO is adsorbed on V³⁺ ions to form strongly bonded mononitrosyl species V³⁺...... NO. With increasing NO coverage, V³⁺ is oxidized to V⁴⁺, which is accompanied by the appearance of gaseous N₂O and weak adsorption of NO on V⁴⁺.

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- , NO V/SiO₂ . , V³⁺ NO V³⁺... NO. V³⁺ V⁴⁺, N₂O NO V⁴⁺.

     

On the nature of active centers in catalysts for propylene oxidation to acetone

Acid-base properties of binary tin-oxide catalysts for the oxidation of propylene to acetone have been studied. It has been revealed that active catalysts should have both Brönsted acid- and base centers.

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- . , .

     

Spectroscopic studies of the state of Cu2+ ions in Cu?Zn?Al oxide catalysts

ESR and electronic spectroscopy have reveled that in low-temperature ZnO the copper ions form Cu–O–Cu type cluster structures with highly covalent bonds and strong exchange interaction between the ions. The nearer environment of the Cu²⁺ ions is an octahedron with distortion towards square planar coordination.

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, ZnO Cu–O–Cu . Cu²⁺- , .

     

Phase transformation in the cupric magnesium oxide system

Due to the incomplete removal of OH groups, dehydration at 500°C of solid solutions of magnesium ions in Cu(OH)₂ and of copper ions in Mg(OH)₂ formed by coprecipitation leads to the formation of nonequilibrium cupric magnesium oxyhydroxide compounds with the structures of CuO and MgO, respectively. As a result of high-temperature dehydration, cupric oxide and solid solutions are formed in which up to 20 at. % of magnesium in MgO is replaced by copper ions.

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Cu(OH)₂ Mg(OH)₂ 500°C OH- CuO MgO . - 20% MgO.

     

Influence of sodium on the catalytic properties of bismuth-molybdenum oxide catalysts

In the ammoxidation of propylene, the presence of a normal NaBi(MoO₄)₂ phase in bismuth molybdenum oxide catalysts decreases the acrylonitrile yield due to its oxidation

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NaBi(MoO₄)₂ -- .

     

Adsorption microcalorimetric studies of the interaction between oxygen and an industrial ammonia synthesis catalyst

Heats of oxygen adsorption on an industrial Ca-IB type catalyst for ammonia synthesis have been measured at 20°C. Participation of various forms of adsorbed oxygen (adsorption heats of 420 kJ/mol and below 84 kJ/mol) in the formation of a passivating (stabilizing) catalyst layer has been found.

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CA-IB 20°C. ( 100 / 20 /) () .

     

Oxidation of organic sulfides and sulfoxides by oxygen in the presence of copper complexes

In liquid-phase oxidation of sulfides and sulfoxides by air oxygen in acetone solution a high catalytic activity is shown by copper(II) phenolates containing electrodonor substituents in their benzene ring. Reactivity of aliphatic sulfides with R=C₁–C₅ in sulfoxide formation is 5–10 times higher than that of petroleum sulfides. Oxidation rate of sulfides to sulfoxides is by an order of magnitude higher than that of sulfoxides to sulfones.

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(II), - . R=C₁–C₅ 5–10 , . .

     

Reactivity of oxidized substances and its correlation with catalyst properties in deep oxidation reactions

In terms of the donor-acceptor interaction concept /1/ the relative reactivity (RR) of organic and inorganic compounds and its correlation with catalyst properties in deep oxidation reactions are treated. RR and relative activity of the catalysts are shown to change depending on the predominant character (acceptor or donor) of reactant-catalyst interaction.

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- /1/ (OPC) . , OPC .

     

Comparison of properties of supported organozirconium catalysts containing zirconium ions in different valence states

A comparison of the properties of supported zirconium catalysts containing zirconium ions in different valence states in ethylene polymerization shows that an increase in the proportion of active centers involving Zr(III) ions results in a decreasing molecular weight of the polymer. The catalyst activity is practically unchanged.

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, , . , , Zr(III) . .

     

Quantum-chemical studies of acidic centers in aluminophosphates

In terms of the MINDO/3 method in the cluster approximation, the probable Lewis and Brönsted acidic centers of aluminophosphates have been studied.

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MINDO/3 .

     

The catalytic activity of Ni?V oxide catalysts

The activity and selectivity of Ni–V oxide catalysts in relation to the phase composition were investigated. The catalytic activity was measured in the oxidative dehydrogenation of methanol to formaldehyde and in the oxidation of SO₂ to SO₃.The oxide with the atom ratio gives the highest yield of formaldehyde and the slowest rate of SO₂ oxidation. The above phase, as shown by X-ray and IR measurements, has a specific structure characterized by a weakened V=O double bond.

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Ni–V . SO₂ SO₃. SO₂. , , , V=O

     

ESR studies of the state of molybdenum in silica-molybdenum oxide catalysts

In the synthesis of catalysts on SiO₂ a silica-molybdenum heteropolyacid stable up to 500°C is formed. Its dehydration due to a thermal treatment distorts the octahedral oxygen ligand environment of Mo ions in the heteropolyanion and localizes the unpaired electron captured in reduction.

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SiO₂ , 500°C. .

     

Thermal analysis of ammonium nitrate by energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction

Ammonium nitrate was heated and cooled in consecutive steps in a high temperature device mounted on a X-ray goniometer. Diffraction patterns were measured at each temperature, using a Si-Li detector together with a multichannel analyzer. The results strongly support the existence of a phase II'. They show that the phase change IV/III goes via a transition state similar to or consistent with phase II'.

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Zusammenfassung Ammoniumnitrat wurde in einer Hochtemperaturkammer auf einem Röntgengoniometer schrittweise aufgeheizt und abgekühlt. Bei jeder Temperatur wurde ein Beugungsdiagramm aufgenommen mit einem Si-Li-Detektor und angeschlossenem Vielkanalanalysator. Die Ergebnisse unterstützen die Annahme einer Phase II'. Sie zeigen, daß die Phasenumwandlung IV/III über einen Übergangszustand verläuft ähnlich oder identisch mit der Phase II'.

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Résumé Le nitrate d'ammonium était chauffé et refroidi pas à pas dans un four fixé sur un goniomètre de rayons X. A chaque température, des diagrammes de diffraction étaient mesurés par un détecteur semiconducteur, combiné avec un sélecteur multicanaux. Les résultats supportent l'existence d'une phase IF. Ils montrent, que la transition des modifications IV/III procède par une phase de transition, qui ressemble à la phase II'.

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, . , Si-Li . II. , IV/III , II.

     

A differential scanning calorimetric study of some phenol derivatives

Differential scanning calorimetry has been applied to derive the fusion enthalpies and entropies of series of mono and dimethylphenols, mono and dichlorophenols, and mono and dinitrophenols.

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Zusammenfassung DSC wurde verwendet zur Ermittlung der Schmelzenthalpie und Entropie der Reihen von Mono- und Dimethylphenolen, Mono- und Dichlorphenolen, Mono- und Dinitrophenolen.

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- , - , - .

     

Oxidation of carbon monoxide with nitrous oxide over CeO2

With the help of the transient response method and fluorescence spectroscopy, it has been revealed that the title reaction proceeds by the catalyst redox transformation Ce(III)Ce(IV) over CeO₂ in great contrast to previous observations over MgO. , Ce(III)Ce(IV) CeO₂ MgO.     

Studies of molybdenum in Mo?Ti oxide catalysts

ESR studies indicate that in Mo–Ti oxide catalysts prepared via the addition of ammonium paramolybdate to pasted titanium hydroxide, Mo⁵⁺ ions are observed in three states: in heteropoly blue, disperse MoO₃ and a solid substitutional solution in TiO₂.

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, , - , - Mo⁵⁺— , MoO₃ TiO₂.

     

Bond energy of surface oxygen in multicomponent oxide catalysts for propylene oxidation to acrolein

Bond energy of surface oxygen for the multicomponent oxide catalyst Mo₁₂Bi₁Ni_2.5Fe₃Co_4.5K_0.07P₁/SiO₂ has been measured in conditions of propylene oxidation and found to be 272 kJ/mol.

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Mo₁₂Bi₁Ni_2,5Fe₃Co_4,5K_0.07P₁/SiO₂, , 272 /.

     

Catalytic properties of Ti?Mo oxide catalysts in propylene oxidation

Catalytic properties of Ti–Mo oxide catalysts are shown to be determined to a great extent by the Ti–Mo heteropoly acid anchored to the TiO₂ surface which is formed during the catalyst preparation.

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, - - , .

     

Hydrogen formation in silane oxidation

From mass-spectrometric data, it has been established that the main gaseous product of silane oxidation by oxygen at low pressures is molecular hydrogen. Isotopic analysis of the hydrogen formed in the oxidation of SiH₄+SiD₄ mixtures indicates that not less than 20% hydrogen is generated by a molecular mechanism.

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- , . , SiH₄+SiD₄ , 20% .

     

Kinetics of the catalytic transformation of isobutene into methacrylonitrile with NO on supported nickel oxide aerogel

Kinetic studies of the nitroxidation of isobutene by NO show that the reaction follows a redox mechanism in the temperature range of 300–400°C. This mechanism implies an interaction between dehydrogenated isobutene -allyl radical and atomic nitrogen due to the decomposition of NO by the reduced catalyst, which is then reoxidized.

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NO , 300–400°C. - , NO , .