射频磁控反射溅射生长AlN薄膜

用射频磁控反射溅方法，在高纯Ｎ２，Ａｒ的气氛中，以高纯Ａｌ为靶材，成功地制备了ＡｌＮ薄膜，研究了不同气体组分，不同衬底温度对薄膜结晶性的影响。     

退火温度对VOX薄膜结构及光学性质的影响

以高纯五氧化二钒(V2O5)粉末(纯度≥99.99%, 质量百分比)为原料, 采用真空蒸发--还原工艺, 在不同退火温度下还原出不同组分的VOX薄膜。利用X射线衍射仪, X射线光电子能谱仪和紫外-可见分光光度计对薄膜进行测试和分析, 得到了不同退火温度与薄膜结构和其光学特性的关系。结果显示: V2O5中的V5+随着退火温度的上升被还原, 退火温度为450℃时, V4+含量最高, 结晶最好, 500℃时, 薄膜组分表现出逆退火现象, 温度进一步升高, 钒再次被还原。     

SrTiO_3(001)衬底上单层FeSe超导薄膜的分子束外延生长

在以前工作的基础上,进一步研究了SrTiO3(001)(STO)衬底上单层FeSe超导薄膜的分子束外延生长.首先,通过去离子水刻蚀、盐酸溶液腐蚀和纯氧气氛中退火等步骤,获得台阶有序、具有单一TiO2终止的原子级平整表面的STO衬底,这是前提条件.这个过程中酸的选择和退火过程中氧的流量是最为关键的因素.其次,在FeSe薄膜的分子束外延生长中,选择适当的Fe源和Se源束流以及衬底温度是关键因素.如选择适当,生长模式为step-?ow生长,这时得到的FeSe薄膜将是原子级平整的.最后一步为退火,这个过程会增强FeSe薄膜结晶性以及它与SrTiO3衬底间的结合强度.     

不同退火条件对纳米多孔氧化铝薄膜光致发光的影响

以草酸为电解液,采用二次阳极氧化法制备出了纳米多孔氧化铝薄膜,经不同退火温度和退火气氛处理氧化铝薄膜后,通过分析其光致发光光谱得出：相同的退火气氛中, 退火温度T≤600 ℃ 时,T=500 ℃具有最大的光致发光强度;退火温度T≥700 ℃时,随着退火温度的升高,样品的发光强度增大。在不同的退火气氛中,多孔氧化铝薄膜随着退火温度的升高,发光峰位改变不同,即在空气中退火处理后,随着退火温度的升高,发光峰位蓝移,而在真空中退火处理后,发光峰位并不随退火温度的升高而变化;通过对1 100 ℃高温退火处理后的氧化铝薄膜的光致发光曲线的高斯拟合,可以看出,经退火处理后的多孔氧化铝,主要存在三个发光中心,发光曲线在350～600 nm范围内对应三个发射峰, 发射波长分别为387,410,439 nm。相同的退火温度下,空气中退火得到的氧化铝薄膜的光致发光强度大于真空中退火处理后的氧化铝薄膜。基于实验结果,结合X射线色散能谱(EDS)、红外反射光谱等表征手段,探讨了多孔氧化铝薄膜的发光机制,并对经过不同退火条件得到的多孔氧化铝薄膜的光致发光特性的改变做出了合理的解释。     

掺铪氧化锌红外透明导电薄膜

采用射频磁控溅射法在蓝宝石衬底上制备了Hf∶ ZnO (HZO)薄膜,研究了氧气流速和退火温度对薄膜微观结构和光电性能的影响.为了提高薄膜的结晶性,将制备的薄膜在800℃下退火30 min,并自然冷却到室温.测试、分析了退火后薄膜的微观结构和光电性能.研究发现,随着氧气流速从0增加到0.6 mL/min,薄膜的致密度逐渐增大,电阻率逐渐降低,而当氧气流速继续增大到0.8 mLL/min时,薄膜的结晶性恶化,电阻率突然升高.氧气流速为0.6 mL/min时制备的薄膜光电性能最佳,利用傅里叶红外光谱仪和霍尔测试仪进行测试,得到薄膜在3～5 μm波段的平均透过率为83.87％,电阻率为1.66×10-2 Ω·cm,载流子迁移率为13.4 cm2·V-1·s-1,载流子浓度为2.82×1019 cm-3.利用X射线衍射仪进行测试,发现薄膜样品具有ZnO的六方纤锌矿结构,并沿(002)方向择优生长,通过扫描电子显微镜可以看到薄膜表面生成致密均匀的球状结构颗粒.这种薄膜可以用作3～5 μm波段的透明窗口.     

聚偏氟乙烯在不同衬底上的结晶行为研究

利用滴涂法制备聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)薄膜,分别以载玻片、铜片、聚四氟乙烯(PTEF)为衬底研究衬底、退火时间和退火温度对PVDF薄膜结晶行为的影响。实验表明PVDF在PTEF基体上更容易结晶,这是因为PTEF是非极性基体,PVDF分子链运动在界面不受限制,能够充分地重排,利于晶体的生长;延长退火时间,PVDF分子链能够充分进行重排,形成规整的结构,提高结晶性;同时提高退火温度也有利于PVDF薄膜的结晶。另外,基体作用、退火时间和退火温度不会改变PVDF晶体结构,但会不同程度地影响α和β相的含量。     

不同环境下硫化镉/铜基薄膜异质结退火对太阳电池性能调控

高效铜基薄膜太阳电池通常采用无机n型半导体材料CdS作为缓冲层,因此,缓冲层与吸收层之间的界面质量和能带匹配对载流子的收集利用至关重要.在优化CdS基础工艺的基础上,在含硫气氛下对硫化镉/铜基薄膜异质结进行退火的策略进一步提高CdS薄膜质量,并将其应用到铜基太阳电池,调控铜基薄膜电池p-n异质结能带匹配.研究表明, CdS薄膜在含硫的惰性气氛中退火可以有效提高CdS薄膜的结晶质量并抑制CZTS/CdS异质结界面的非辐射复合,器件的开路电压得到大幅提升,最高可达718 mV.在器件效率方面,基于溅射法的CZTS太阳电池效率从3.47%提升到5.68%,约为不退火处理的2倍.该研究为铜基薄膜太阳电池器件实现高开路电压提供了可靠的工艺窗口.同时,有力地说明了退火气氛选择对于CdS质量以及CZTS/CdS异质结能带匹配的重要性,除了界面互扩散以外,对薄膜材料组分及其结晶性等均实现了调控.     

退火温度及退火气氛对ZnO薄膜的结构及发光性能的影响(英文)

采用脉冲激光沉积技术在Si/蓝宝石衬底上制备了ZnO薄膜,结合快速退火设备研究了不同退火温度(500~900℃)及退火气氛(N2,O2)对薄膜的结构及其发光性能的影响。并优化条件得到具有最小半峰全宽及最大晶粒尺寸的薄膜。X射线衍射(XRD)结果表明:氮气氛下退火的ZnO薄膜最佳退火温度为900℃;氧气氛下退火的ZnO薄膜最佳退火温度为800℃。红外(IR)光谱中,退火后Zn-O特征振动峰红移,说明在退火过程中,原子重新排布后占据较低能量位置;同样的退火温度下,氮气氛下退火的薄膜质量更优。同步辐射光电子能谱(synchrotron-based XPS)分别表征了未退火及N2,O2下900℃退火的ZnO薄膜,分峰拟合结果表明氧气氛下退火产生更多的氧空位。结构表征结合光致发光(PL)谱表明绿光的发光峰与氧空位有关。     

退火温度对原子层沉积法制备ZnMgO薄膜结构和光学性能的影响

针对目前关于退火温度对原子层沉积法(ALD)制备ZnMgO薄膜晶体结构和光学性质影响鲜有报道的现象,进行了相应的实验研究分析。采用ALD在石英衬底上制备ZnMgO合金薄膜,对制得的样品在空气中进行不同温度的退火处理。利用X射线多晶衍射仪(XRD)、光致发光谱(PL)和紫外可见(UV-Vis)吸收光谱测试,系统的分析了不同退火温度对ALD法制备ZnMgO薄膜晶体结构和光学性能的影响。XRD测试结果表明：退火温度为600 ℃时,薄膜的晶体质量得到改善,且(100)衍射峰的强度明显增强。结合PL和UV-Vis吸收光谱的测试分析得出：退火温度为600 ℃时,能明显促进薄膜中Mg组分的增加使薄膜的禁带宽度进一步增大。从而说明适当温度的退火处理可有效的改善ZnMgO薄膜的晶体质量及光学特性。     

退火温度对TiO_2纳米薄膜酒精气敏特性影响的研究(英文)

采用直流磁控溅射的方法在Al2O3陶瓷管、硅基片上溅射制备了二氧化钛(TiO2)纳米薄膜材料.将薄膜样品放入管式退火炉中分别在500℃, 700℃和1100℃温度下退火.由于退火温度的不同,薄膜的晶体结构、晶粒尺寸、晶向以及气敏特性都有所不同.利用X射线衍射(XRD)技术和薄膜气敏特性测试,分析了退火温度对薄膜气敏特性的影响.分析结果表明退火温度在500℃时,呈现锐钛矿结构,薄膜具有很好的选择性、很短的反应(恢复)时间.对TiO2薄膜表面进行修饰,发现此TiO2薄膜的最佳工作温度为370℃左右.薄膜的气敏机理也得到了讨论.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.     

A stereo matching algorithm using multi-peak candidate matches and geometric constraints

Gray cross correlation matching technique is adopted to extract candidate matches with gray cross correla- tion coefficients less than some certain range of maximal correlation coefficient called multi-peak candidate matches. Multi-peak candidates are extracted corresponding to three closest feature points at first. The corresponding multi-peak candidate matches are used to construct the model polygon. Correspondence is determined based on the local geometric relations between the three feature points and the multi-peak candidates. The disparity test and the global consistency checkout are applied to eliminate the remaining ambiguous matches that are not removed by the local geometric relational test. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and accurate.     

Fiber Modal Index Measurements Based on Fiber Gratings

A novel method based on fiber gratings for measuring the effective indices of fiber modes is proposed. The effective index difference between the core mode and a cladding mode was obtained by analyzing the interference fringe of a pair of cascaded long-period fiber gratings. In order to extract the core mode index from the measured index difference, an index matching oil immersion method is proposed. By analyzing the interaction between the cladding mode and the oil applied on the cladding surface, the mode order and the effective index of the involved cladding mode might be calculated. Experimental results about the interference fringe shifts induced by the oil index and the oil-applied length are also presented.     

Optical Pulse Compression Schemes That Use Nonlinear Bragg Gratings

Nonlinear optical pulse compression of picosecond pulses typically requires long lengths of optical fiber and multiple components. Periodic structures, such as fiber Bragg gratings, are highly dispersive at wavelengths outside of the photonic bandgap. This implies that such gratings can be used as very short all-fiber compressors. In this paper a number of such compression schemes are reviewed involving uniform and nonuniform fiber Bragg gratings, relying on both soliton and nonsoliton compression principles. Experimental results supporting the corresponding underlying theory are also presented. Finally, an extension of one of the compression schemes is shown, which allows the generation of adjustable high-repetition rate soliton trains.