Pd/γ-Al2O3三效催化剂中CeO2助剂的作用

 研究了以浸渍法制备的以氧化铈为助剂的Pd／CeO2－Al2O3催化剂,对丙烯和一氧化碳氧化及一氧化氮还原反应的三效催化活性．主要考察了钯及CeO2助剂含量对催化剂三效转化活性的影响,并对部分催化剂进行了X射线光电子能谱（XPS）及氧饱和吸附后NO吸附的程序升温脱附－质谱（TPD－MS）表征．结果表明,在Pd含量（不大于1．0％）较低时,增加Pd含量可明显提高催化剂的活性．适量的CeO2能使Pd催化剂具有较好的热稳定性及富氧条件下的转化活性,过量的CeO2会降低催化剂的热稳定性．CeO2助剂使Pd／CeO2－Al2O3催化剂中的Pd2＋较易被还原为Pd0,并促进Pd上NO的解离吸附．     

制备方法对Pd-CeO2／Al2O3催化剂加氢脱硫性能的影响

采用浸渍法(IM)和沉积沉淀法(DP)制备了CeO2改性的Pd/Al2O3催化剂,以噻吩加氢脱硫为探针反应,在连续流动反应条件下考察了催化剂的活性和抗硫性能,并运用XRD、H2吸附、NH3-TPD、FT-IR、XPS等手段对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,与Pd/Al2O3催化剂相比,浸渍法制备的Pd-CeO2/Al2O3催化剂具有较高的活性,而沉积沉淀法制备的Pd-CeO2/Al2O3催化剂活性却降低.在Pd-CeO2/Al2O3催化剂中Cl-1与Pd、Ce3 发生作用形成Pd-Cl-1-Ce3 界面结构,这是催化剂活性提高的原因,同时Cl-1也削弱了Pd-Ce的结合作用,Pd-CeO2/Al2O3(IM)催化剂抗硫能力的提高是由于Ce3 对H2S的竞争吸附削弱了Pd-S键.而Pd-CeO2/Al2O3(DP)催化剂则是由于Pd-Ce的结合作用使Pd处于正电状态,避免了Pd-S的生成.     

负载型钯催化剂上生物质气化气催化燃烧

采用浸渍法制备了Pd/Al2O3、Pd/Ce/Al2O3、Pd/Mn/Al2O3、Pd/La/Al2O3四种催化剂。并借助XRD、BET对催化剂相结构、比表面积、孔结构进行了表征,在固定床反应器上考察了四种催化剂对CO、H2和CH4的催化燃烧性能。结果表明,随着La、Ce、Mn离子的引入使得催化剂的比表面积和孔容积不断降低;添加助剂Ce可以提高催化剂活性和热稳定性,助剂La可以提高催化剂的抗烧结能力,而助剂Mn在低温时可以提高催化剂活性,但并不能抑制催化剂的高温钝化。CO和H2的起燃顺序随催化剂的不同而不同,但四种催化剂对CO和H2的催化燃烧活性接近,均可以在低温条件下迅速燃烧,同时其燃烧特征温度明显低于CH4。     

La2O3对Pd/Al2O3催化蒽醌氢化制H2O2性能的影响

 采用湿浸法制备了用于蒽醌氢化制H2O2的La2O3促进的Pd/Al2O3催化剂,并考察了不同La2O3含量对催化性能的影响. 采用XRD,N2物理吸附,CO2-TPD,H2-O2滴定和电子探针等技术对催化剂进行了表征. 结果表明,加入适量的La2O3能够抑制高温焙烧时Al2O3晶粒的长大,增大催化剂的比表面积,提高金属Pd的分散度,增强载体表面碱性,提高催化剂表面的Pd浓度,减小Pd层厚度,从而提高催化剂的氢化活性. 加入La2O3可使催化剂的Pd负载量由0.281%降至0.188%,而催化剂活性提高了44%.     

以ZrO_2-Al_2O_3为载体的Co-Mo-K耐硫水煤气变换催化剂

采用沉淀法和浸渍法分别制备了 Zr O2 - Al2 O3复合载体和 Co- Mo- K耐硫变换催化剂 .研究了 Zr O2 对 Co- Mo- K耐硫变换催化剂活性及热稳定性的影响 .利用 XRD、BET、TG、XPS等手段对催化剂及其载体的结构、吸硫吸水性能和氧化还原性能进行了表征 .结果表明以 Zr O2 - Al2 O3代替传统的 γ- Al2 O3作为 Co- Mo- K耐硫变换催化剂的载体 ,可提高催化剂的活性 ,尤其是低温活性 ,并可改善催化剂的热稳定性、氧化还原性、吸硫和吸水性能     

Pd/CexZr1-xO2/Al2O3催化剂上甲烷燃烧及TPR/TPO性能研究

考察了Ce-Zr复合氧化物的添加对Al2O3负载Pd催化剂的甲烷燃烧性能的影响，并利用XRD，TPR，TPO技术对Pd／CexZr1-xO2／Al2O3体系催化剂的物相结构及氧化还原性能进行了研究。结果表明，Ce-Zr复合氧化物的添加抑制了氧化铝载体的。相变并提高了PdO的分解温度，从而提高了催化剂的耐热稳定性。催化剂经高温1100℃焙烧老化后，由于Ce-Zr复合氧化物的存在促进了表面PdO物种的还原，从而提高了甲烷的催化燃烧活性（T20％和T90％值降低），其中Pd／Ce0.2Zr0.8O2／Al2O3催化剂具有最好的催化活性及热稳定性。     

Pd/γ-Al2O3三效催化剂中CeO2-ZrO2-La2O3的作用

用浸渍法制备了CeO2-ZrO2-La2O3复合氧化物,用XRD,TG-DTA,拉曼光谱、H2-TPR和BET表面积测定等方法对合成的样品进行了表征,研究了在单钯Pd/γ-Al2O3催化剂中添加CeO2-ZrO2-La2O3对催化剂活性和热稳定性的影响.结果表明,在Pd/γ-Al2O3中加入三元复合氧化物有利于提高三效催化剂的热稳定性,有利于阻止γ-Al2O3在高温时的相变以稳定Al2O3结构,防止在高温条件下催化剂表面积的损失.在Pd的负载量为1 g*L-1条件下,测定了Pd/CeO2-ZrO2-La2O3/γ-Al2O3/蜂窝陶瓷催化剂对CO,C3H6和NO净化的三效活性,研究了催化剂的结构和三效催化活性之间的关系.结果表明,CeO2-ZrO2-La2O3的存在能明显提高Pd基催化剂对CO,C3H6和NO的三效净化活性,扩大催化剂的操作窗口,提高在富氧条件下对NOx的还原性能.     

BaO对Pd/Al2O3催化性能的影响

以 Pd(C2 H3O2 ) 2 为前身 ,制备了系列 Ba O- Al2 O3复合氧化物负载钯的催化剂 .用质量滴定法 ,测定了复合载体的零电荷点 (pzc) .结果表明 ,体系的 pzc随 Ba O含量的增加而增大 ,在 5 %～ 10 %之间存在一拐点 ,并与XRD所测 Ba O在 Al2 O3上的单层分散阈值相对应 .复合载体在制备中发生固相反应 ,所生成的 Ba Al2 O4可以阻止 Al2 O3的相变 ,并极大地提高载体的热稳定性 ,其中 5 % Ba O的作用最为明显 .Ba O的引入 ,增强了 Pd/Al2 O3对 CO的氧化能力 ,同时 ,提高了其热稳定性     

Pd-CeO2/Al2O3结构对其催化加氢脱硫反应性能的影响

分步浸渍法制备了不同Pd含量的Pd-CeO2/Al2O3催化剂,以噻吩加氢脱硫为探针反应,考察了Pd-CeO2/Al2O3催化剂的加氢脱硫性能,并应用XRD、H2-TPR、NH3-TPD、H2吸附和CO吸附等手段对催化剂结构进行了表征.结果表明,Pd在制备过程巾优先沉积在CeO2表面,Pd-Ce结合作用导致了界面效应和新的酸性位产生,Pd-Ce之间的界面效应是Pd-CeO2/Al2O3催化剂加氢脱硫活性提高的原因.2%Pd的Pd-CeO2/Al2O3催化剂拥有最高的单位质量Pd上的界面酸量,改性效果最为明显.Pd颗粒的优势面是Pd(111)面,这导致了强的Pd-Ce结合作用和界面效应,而1%和4%Pd的Pd-CeO2/Al2O3催化剂由于Pd-ce结合的空间结构使界面效应削弱,活性提高不明显.     

CeO2改性的Pd/Al2O3催化剂在加氢脱硫反应中的抗硫性能

采用浸渍法制备CeO2改性的Pd/Al2O3催化剂,以噻吩加氢脱硫为探针反应,考察了Pd/Al2O3 和Pd-CeO2/Al2O3催化剂的活性和抗硫性能,并运用CO吸附、FT-IR、TG等分析测试技术研究表征了催化剂性质. 结果表明,Pd-CeO2/Al2O3催化剂比Pd /Al2O3催化剂具有较低的硫化度. 在连续反应中,Pd-CeO2/Al2O3催化剂的抗硫失活能力较强. CeO2的加入导致了Pd-S键能的减弱,在Pd-CeO2/Al2O3催化剂上H2S主要吸附在CeO2上而不是Pd原子上. Pd-CeO2/Al2O3抗硫能力的提高是由于Pd-Ce结合导致Pd缺电子状态,减少了Pd的硫化失活而引起. CeO2对H2S的竞争吸附造成与CeO2结合作用的Pd处于较低的H2S分压,减少了Pd失活的几率.     

Complete Oxidation of Methane Alumina Modified with Calcium, over Palladium Supported on Lanthanum, and Cerium Ions

The activity and thermal stability of Pd/Al2O3 and Pd/（Al2O3＋MOx） （M=Ca, La, Ce） palladium catalysts in the reaction of complete oxidation of methane are presented in this study. The catalyst supports were prepared by sol-gel method and they were dried either conventionally or with supercritical carbon dioxide. Then they were impregnated with palladium nitrate solution. The catalysts with unmodified alumina had a high surface area. The activity and thermal stability of the aluminasupported catalyst was also very high. The introduction of calcium, lanthanum, or cerium oxide into alumina support caused a decrease of the surface area in the way dependent on the support precursor drying method. These modifiers decreased the activity of palladium catalysts, and they required higher temperatures for the complete oxidation of methane than unmodified Pd/Al2O3. The improvement of the palladium activity by lanthanum and cerium support modifier was observed only at low temperatures of the reaction.     

CO and C3H8 Total Oxidation over Pd Catalysts Supported on Commercial Ce-Zr Solid Solution: Effects of the Calcination Temperature and Hydrothermal Treatment

A series of Pd catalysts supported on commercial Ce-Zr solid solution(Pd/CZ) calcined at different temperatures(750, 900 and 1050 ℃) was prepared via an incipient wetness impregnation method. The activities of the fresh and hydrothermally aged Pd/CZ catalysts were tested for total oxidation of CO and C₃H₈. For CO oxidation, the activity of either fresh or aged Pd/CZ catalysts decreased with the elevating of calcination temperature of CZ support, with a fresh catalyst calcined at 750 ℃ possessing the highest activity and hydrothermal stability. For C₃H₈ total oxidation, the activity of Pd/CZ catalysts could be improved by increasing the calcination temperature of support. However, the aged Pd/CZ catalysts showed higher activity than corresponding fresh Pd/CZ catalysts. The turnover frequency(TOF) over Pd/CZ catalyst for CO oxidation increased with increasing reduction ability of the catalysts, with a fresh catalyst calcined at 750 ℃ having the highest value(0.27 s^-1). However, the TOF of Pd/CZ catalyst for C₃H₈ total oxidation was mainly affected by the size of Pd particles, and large Pd particles possessed a higher activity, with the highest TOF value(0.96 s^-1) obtained over an aged catalyst calcined at 1050 ℃.     

Complete Oxidation of Methane over Palladium Supported on Alumina Modified with Calcium,Lanthanum,and Cerium Ions

The activity and thermal stability of Pd/Al_2O_3 and Pd/(Al_2O_3 MO_x)(M=Ca,La,Ce) palladium catalysts in the reaction of complete oxidation of methane are presented in this study.The catalyst supports were prepared by sol-gel method and they were dried either conventionally or with supercritical carbon dioxide.Then they were impregnated with palladium nitrate solution.The catalysts with unmodified alumina had a high surface area.The activity and thermal stability of the alumina- supported catalyst was also very high.The introduction of calcium,lanthanum,or cerium oxide into alumina support caused a decrease of the surface area in the way dependent on the support precursor drying method.These modifiers decreased the activity of palladium catalysts,and they required higher temperatures for the complete oxidation of methane than unmodified Pd/Al_2O_3.The improvement of the palladium activity by lanthanum and cerium support modifier was observed only at low temperatures of the reaction.     

钯系双金属催化剂的制备及其表面性质

研究了浸渍液的浓度和酸度,浸渍时间,竞争吸附剂对金属离子在Al_2O_3上分布的影响。制得了Pd呈不同分布的Pd-Al_2O_3催化剂,和金属呈不同分布的Pd-Pt-Al_2O_3,Pd-Co-Al_2O_3,Pd-Ni-Al_2O_3双金属催化剂。用光学照相和EDX表征了催化剂上金属的分布。用TEM法测定Pd-Al_2O_3催化剂金属粒度的结果表明,Pd在Al_2O_3上分布的形式不同,其粒度也不同,其粒度次序为:蛋黄型>蛋白型>蛋壳型>均匀型。而该催化剂的苯加氢活性次序为:蛋白型>蛋黄型>蛋壳型>均匀型。双金属催化剂的苯加氢活性也与金属分布有关。     

Pd/Al2O3催化剂的高温热烧结研究

以汽车尾气净化催化剂为背景，用溶胶－凝胶法和浸渍法制备了低负载量贵金属单钯燃烧催化剂。通过ＸＲＤ宽化法检测了在１２７３Ｋ的模拟反应气流中烧结２４ｈ后催化剂上Ｐｄ晶粒大小的变化。     

Kinetics of lactose and rhamnose oxidation over supported metal catalysts

Several mono- and bimetallic Pd, Pt, Rh and Ru supported on alumina and active carbon catalysts were characterized by CO chemisorption, nitrogen adsorption, XPS and XRD and acidity titrations were performed for active carbon supported catalysts. These catalysts were tested in oxidation of two sugars, namely lactose and rhamnose, at 60 °C and at 70 °C under slightly alkaline conditions (pH 8) with molecular oxygen. The results revealed that there is an optimum metal particle size in a range of 3-10 nm giving the highest initial TOFs for both oxidations. Furthermore, the catalytic activities and conversions were related to other catalyst properties, such as the type and amount of promoters and the presence of different phases. In situ catalyst potential measurements revealed that there is an inverse correlation between the increase of catalyst potential as a function of sugar conversion and the catalyst activity after prolonged reaction times. This method is a valuable tool for in situ characterization of catalysts correlating well with their activities.     

Influence of CeO2 and La2O3 on properties of palladium catalysts used for emission control of natural gas vehicles

Pd/YZ-Al2O3 (Y and Zr modified Al2O3, and hereafter, labelled as Al) catalysts with 4 wt% additive CeO2 and/or La2O3 were prepared and characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), NO-temperature programmed desorption (NO-TPD), N2-adsorption/desorption (Brunauer-Emmet-Teller BET method), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and CO-chemisorption. Catalytic activities for CH4, CO and NO conversion were tested in a gas mixture simulated the emissions from natural gas vehicles (NGVs) operated under stoichiometric conditions. The results indicated that all catalysts exhibited excellent catalytic performances for CH4 and CO oxidation and the promoting effect of CeO2 or La2O3 was significant for NO conversion. XPS results showed that the electron density around Pd was increased by CeO2 and/or La2O3, the binding energy of Pd 3d decreased as the order: Pd/Al>Pd/Ce/Al>Pd/La/Al>Pd/CeLa/Al. The electron-rich Pd showed Rh-like catalytic properties which exhibited good activity for the reduction of NO. NO-TPD results showed that the addition of CeO2 and/or La2O3 increased NO adsorption on surface, and promoted the conversion of NO.     

原位红外光谱研究镧对负载钯催化剂上甲醇车尾气氧化机理的影响

在色谱微反装置上考察了负载Pd催化剂的甲醇深度氧化性能.结果表明,在γ氧化铝载体中,添加镧对负载Pd催化剂催化活性和选择性影响较大,甲醇氧化含氧中间物含量大大降低.利用insituFTIR技术测定了镧改性后的负载Pd催化剂表面的吸附物种和表面的程序升温反应,对负载Pd催化剂甲醇深度氧化反应机理进行了探讨.     

La2O3对沼气重整制氢催化剂Ni/γ-Al2O3的影响

用浸渍法制备了不同La2O3含量的Ni/La2O3/γ-Al2O3催化剂, 用CH4/CO2体积比为1的混合气体模拟沼气, 考察了La2O3对沼气重整制氢催化剂Ni/γ-Al2O3的结构及催化性能的影响. 运用XRD、H2-TPR、BET及TEM等手段对催化剂进行了表征. 结果表明, La2O3对催化剂Ni/γ-Al2O3的影响主要取决于其含量. 载体中La2O3的添加增强了Ni与Al2O3之间的相互作用. 添加适量的La2O3能使催化剂具有更好的可还原性, 并能增加金属Ni的分散性, 抑制反应过程中Ni的烧结, 提高载体对CO2的吸附能力, 从而改善了催化剂的抗积炭性, 使催化剂具有较好的活性及稳定性. 反之, 过量La2O3的掺杂会使催化剂的抗积炭性及活性下降. 当La2O3含量为6%(w)时, 催化剂中Ni晶粒具有较好的分散性、还原性及抗积炭性, 从而使催化剂具有更好的活性及稳定性.     

超细镍基催化剂上CH4-CO2重整反应的性能Ⅰ.制备方法对催化剂结构和还原性能的影响

通过BET ,XRD ,XPS ,IR和TPR等表征手段 ,考察了制备方法对CH4 CO2 重整用镍基催化剂物性结构和还原性能的影响 .与浸渍的超细载体二元NiO Al2 O3 及浸渍的普通载体三元NiO La2 O3 Al2 O3 催化剂相比 ,采用溶胶 凝胶法和超临界干燥技术制备的超细二元和三元气凝胶超细催化剂具有高表面积、高孔隙率及孔结构可控等特点 ,且组分之间的相互作用强 ,分布均匀 ,较低温度下即可形成NiAl2 O4 尖晶石结构 ,吸附能力强 ,还具有更丰富的表面缺陷和暴露原子数等纳米材料特性 .同时 ,该方法适宜于制备负载多组分金属催化剂 ,有利于发挥助剂的改善调节作用 ,满足CH4 CO2 重整反应对催化剂的要求 .