21世纪的光学和光电子学讲座：第三讲 信息网络与半导体光电子学

文章从光信息的传输、交换与处理、存储与读出、获取与显示等重要技术领域的发展，介绍了半导体信息光电子学的现状以及在未来信息网络发展中的关键地位。     

光电子信息材料的发展浅述

本文介绍了正在研究和发展中的各种光电子信息材料，包括激光材料、光电子传感材料、光电子信息存储材料、光电子信息传输材料、光电子信息运算和处理材料，并展示了未来的光纤通信和光学计算机用材料的发展前景。     

光计算机—光子学进展之四

光计算机是正在研制发展中的一种新型计算机,它以光子作为信息载体,用光信号进行数学运算、逻辑操作、信息存贮和处理,它具有电子计算机所不具备的很多优点,它将是光子光高度发展的成果。     

信息光学概说

 信息就是消息,就是事物的存在和变化的情况.从信息论的观点看来,无论是电学、光学及声学系统,都是用来传递信息的.电学系统传递的是随时间变化的电讯号,而光学系统传递的是随空间变化的图象.我们把有关图象的传递理论与应用技术称为信息光学.信息光学是光学最先开拓的领域之一,它可以追溯到原始光学初期.但获得迅速发展还是最近三十多年的事.50年代中期,无线电通讯理论和技术引进到光学中来,推动了信息光学的发展.     

基于DVD光头的双光子光致漂白三维光存储

基于现有的DVD光头物镜与音圈电机，根据光致漂白的双光子吸收气维光信息存储原理，以钛蓝宝石飞秒脉冲激光进行双光子光信息写入和读出，利用音圈电机进行选层，在新型光致漂白材料二苯乙烯衍生物中进行光致漂白二进制编码信息的存储和读出实验研究；实现了三层光信息存储，信息点间距和信息层间距分别为4μm和15μm；用Matlab软件读出信息的信号强度并对其进行了识别，识别结果与写入的二进制编码信息完全一致。实验证明了用DVD光头进行双光子三维光数据存储的可行性，表明双光子吸收光致漂白技术可以与现有CD／DVD兼容，为实现多层高密度和超高密度光信息存储打下基础。     

光信息科学与技术专业的课程整合与实验室建设

论述了光信息科学与技术专业的内涵和外延以及专业发展方向,指出了目前存在的课程内容交叉问题,并提出了课程内容整合的方法,同时提供了开支较少、利用率高的光信息专业实验室的建设方案。     

太赫兹光谱和成像技术在食品安全检测中的应用

随着超快激光技术的快速发展以及人们对太赫兹辐射与物质作用机理的进一步认识,太赫兹辐射作为一项新的、快速发展的技术在很多领域受到广泛关注,在安全检测、医学诊断、无线通信和制药等诸多领域预示着广泛的应用前景。由于食品安全问题的重要性,食品安全的检测技术面临着巨大的机遇与挑战。太赫兹光谱与成像技术提供了一种新型的食品安全检测手段。相比于其他技术,THz技术具有高信噪比和动态范围宽等诸多特点, 能够同时获得样品在THz波段的时域信息与频域信息,以及对应的物质物理结构和化学成分等重要信息,在食品安全检测领域具有独特的优势。文章简要介绍了太赫兹波的概念、特点和技术手段,太赫兹辐射技术在食品安全领域的最新应用进展,并讨论了THz技术应用的限制因素, 展望了THz技术的应用前景。     

有机光折变材料的新进展

有机光折变材料是近几年新出现的光电功能材料，在各各光电子信息处理领域具有广泛的应用前景，如高精密光学数据存储、光学图像处理、相位共轭镜和激光器、动态全息、光计算和图形识别等。文章回顾了近几年中新兴的、有希望的光折变聚合物材料领域的最新进展及其在可重写全息信息存储中的应用。     

菌紫质分子膜图象信息存储的实验研究

本文讨论了新型细菌视紫红质基因变种材料的光循环过程及其光致变色特性。利用B态P态之间的光致变色实现信息的存储与读出，建立了细菌视紫红持生物分子膜高分辨图参信息读写实验系统，并在菌紫质分子膜器件上实现了400L／mm高分辨的图象信息存储。     

记录媒体用薄膜材料及相关靶材的技术和发展

 信息化时代随着计算机技术的普及来到我们面前,其突出表现是信息总量和信息交换的剧增,因此,发展海量存储技术日趋重要。随着信息及计算机技术的不断发展,对其作为主要工具的记录媒体的需求越来越大,要求越来越高。记录媒体中大多数磁盘、磁光盘、光盘是以相关靶材磁控溅射而成的,因此,为满足信息记录媒体的高密度化、小型化和低价格化,需要对其相关靶材的成分、制造工艺、性能和溅射工艺做进一步研究。目前,随着新材料的开发和记录媒体的发展,磁光盘、光盘用靶材市场在不断增长。尤其近几年CD、VCD、DVD市场的迅速扩大,其相关靶材的前景也日益被看好。     

遥感影像信息量与空间分辨率的关系研究

目前,关于影像信息量的研究大多是注重信息量的计算模型,很少涉及空间分辨率与信息量之间的定量关系。为了对不同空间分辨率的遥感影像进行定量化评定,以信息论和模糊数学为理论基础,信息熵为测度,通过计算不同空间分辨率水平的全色影像和多光谱影像的信息量,对信息量与空间分辨率的关系进行直接量化模拟。结果表明,影像信息量随着空间分辨率的降低呈指数降低,空间分辨率在原影像基础上每增加一倍,影像信息量相应增加3~5倍。     

量子信息研究进展

量子信息论是经典信息论与量子力学相结合的新兴交叉学科。本文综述了量子信息领域的研究进展。即包括了为人们所熟知的量子通信与量子计算领域 ,也包括了刚刚兴起的但却有巨大潜力的量子对策论等领域。本文以介绍量子信息论的基本理论框架为主 ,同时也介绍了量子信息领域的实验研究进展。     

量子信息研究进展

量子信息论是经典信息论与量子力学相结合的新兴交叉学科,本综述了最子信息领域的研究进展。即包括了为人们所熟知的量子通信与量子计算领域,也包括了刚刚兴起的但却有巨大潜力的量子对策论等领域。本以介绍量子信息论的基本理论框架为主,同时也介绍了量子信息领域的实验研究进展。     

Assessment of Cardiorespiratory Interactions during Apneic Events in Sleep via Fuzzy Kernel Measures of Information Dynamics

Apnea and other breathing-related disorders have been linked to the development of hypertension or impairments of the cardiovascular, cognitive or metabolic systems. The combined assessment of multiple physiological signals acquired during sleep is of fundamental importance for providing additional insights about breathing disorder events and the associated impairments. In this work, we apply information-theoretic measures to describe the joint dynamics of cardiorespiratory physiological processes in a large group of patients reporting repeated episodes of hypopneas, apneas (central, obstructive, mixed) and respiratory effort related arousals (RERAs). We analyze the heart period as the target process and the airflow amplitude as the driver, computing the predictive information, the information storage, the information transfer, the internal information and the cross information, using a fuzzy kernel entropy estimator. The analyses were performed comparing the information measures among segments during, immediately before and after the respiratory event and with control segments. Results highlight a general tendency to decrease of predictive information and information storage of heart period, as well as of cross information and information transfer from respiration to heart period, during the breathing disordered events. The information-theoretic measures also vary according to the breathing disorder, and significant changes of information transfer can be detected during RERAs, suggesting that the latter could represent a risk factor for developing cardiovascular diseases. These findings reflect the impact of different sleep breathing disorders on respiratory sinus arrhythmia, suggesting overall higher complexity of the cardiac dynamics and weaker cardiorespiratory interactions which may have physiological and clinical relevance.     

通信声学的发展及研究现状

人类作为信息交流的主要信息产生源和信息接收槽,语言声学、心理声学和生理声学在信息技术中发挥着越来越重要的作用。作为声学与信息技术相互渗透的产物-通信声学,近十几年来随着数字信号处理技术的发展,其研究和应用领域得到了很大的扩展。本文在简述通信声学产生和发展的必然性和必要性之后,主要介绍了通信声学目前的研究领域及其应用。     

On the Kullback information measure as a basis for information theory: Comments on a proposal by Hobson and Chang

Hobson and Chang recommend that the Kullback information measure replace the Shannon information measure as a basis for information theory. They cite several items in support of their proposal. The items are considered individually and it is shown that they do not in fact constitute sufficient reasons for accepting the Hobson/Chang proposal. It is concluded that the Shannon information measure should be retained as the basis of information theory.     

面向移动互联网的不良信息监控系统设计

针对传统的不良信息监控系统接收端容易受到吞吐量和传输时延等因素的影响,导致不良信息监控实时性和保真性差;提出基于数据汇聚协议优化调度的移动互联网不良信息监控系统设计方法;综合考虑系统的技术指标、系统性能进行系统的总体设计;功能模块包括信息采集信道设计、收发转换和功率放大模块、模拟信息预处理及不良信息的滤波检测模块等部分;设计基于数据汇聚协议优化调度的移动互联网不良信息特征检测算法,作为软件核心处理程序,在LabWindows/CVI平台上进行系统软件开发,实现系统优化设计;仿真结果表明,采用该系统进行移动互联网不良信息监控识别的准确度较高,可靠性较好。     

Decoding information from noisy,redundant, and intentionally distorted sources

Advances in information technology reduce barriers to information propagation, but at the same time they also induce the information overload problem. For the making of various decisions, mere digestion of the relevant information has become a daunting task due to the massive amount of information available. This information, such as that generated by evaluation systems developed by various web sites, is in general useful but may be noisy and may also contain biased entries. In this study, we establish a framework to systematically tackle the challenging problem of information decoding in the presence of massive and redundant data. When applied to a voting system, our method simultaneously ranks the raters and the ratees using only the evaluation data, consisting of an array of scores each of which represents the rating of a ratee by a rater. Not only is our approach effective in decoding information, it is also shown to be robust against various hypothetical types of noise as well as intentional abuses.     

Information and the Brukner-Zeilinger Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics: A Critical Investigation

In Brukner and Zeilinger's interpretation of quantum mechanics, information is introduced as the most fundamental notion and the finiteness of information is considered as an essential feature of quantum systems. They also define a new measure of information which is inherently different from the Shannon information and try to show that the latter is not useful in defining the information content in a quantum object. Here, we show that there are serious problems in their approach which make their efforts unsatisfactory. The finiteness of information does not explain how objective results appear in experiments and what an instantaneous change in the so-called information vector (or catalog of knowledge) really means during the measurement. On the other hand, Brukner and Zeilinger's definition of a new measure of information may lose its significance, when the spin measurement of an elementary system is treated realistically. Hence, the sum of the individual measures of information may not be a conserved value in real experiments.     

电磁诱导光透明过程中的Wigner-Yanse偏振信息

利用约化密度矩阵及信息的定义,研究了电磁诱导光透明机理下, 控制场变化过程中探测场与原子系综的Wigner-Yanse偏振信息, 结果表明:探测场信息转移过程中,原子的信息量不仅依赖于光子的数目及光子的状态, 还依赖于系综内原子的数目;调节控制场,使探测场不能通过介质时,探测场完成信息转移, 原子系综内单个原子信息量获得最大值,但探测场的信息量并没有完全地转移到原子系综. 关键词： 电磁诱导光透明 暗态极化子 Wigner-Yanse偏振信息