六苄基六氮杂异伍兹烷五种氢解脱苄化合物的合成及工业制备

综述了六苄基六氮杂异伍兹烷(HBIW)五种氢解脱苄化合物的合成条件和工业制备工艺。这五种化合物是:四乙酰基二苄基六氮杂异伍兹烷(TADBIW)、四乙酰基二甲酰基六氮杂异伍兹烷(TADFIW)、四乙酰基六氮杂异伍兹烷(TAIW)、四乙酰基二乙基六氮杂异伍兹烷(TADEIW)和六乙酰基六氮杂异伍兹烷(HAIW)。其中的TADBIW系由HBIW经一次氢解合成,其它四种都系由HBIW经两次氢解合成。HBIW的这五种氢解脱苄化合物均可经硝解合成六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷(HNIW)。另外,本文总结了HBIW及其五种氢解脱苄产物的红外、核磁和质谱数据及它们的基本性能参数。     

由四乙酰基二甲酰基六氮杂异伍兹烷合成六硝基六氮 杂异伍兹烷

六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷(HNIW)是一笼形硝胺,它是迄今已知的能量最高的高能量密度化合物(HEDC),本文由四乙酰基二甲酰基六氮杂异伍兹烷(TADFIW)合成了HNW。所合成的HNW中含有少量(2%～3%)的未硝解完全的副产物,经分离鉴定,确定其为五硝基一甲酰基六氮杂异伍兹烷(PNMFIW)。以此路线合成HNW有以下优点：催化剂耗量低,反应条件温和,得率高,流程简单等。     

六苄基六氦杂异伍兹烷五种氢解脱苄化合物的合成及工业制备

综述了六苄基六氮杂异伍兹烷（HBIW）五种氢解脱苄化合物的合成条件和工业制备工艺。这五种化合物是：四乙酰基二苄基六氮杂异伍兹烷（TADBIW）、四乙酰基二甲酰基六氮杂异伍兹烷（TADFIW）、四乙酰基六氮杂异伍兹烷（TAIW）、四乙酰基二乙基六氮杂异伍兹烷（TADEIW）和六乙酰基六氮杂异伍兹烷（HAIW）。其中的TADBIW系由HBIW经一次氢解合成，其它四种都系由HBIW经两次氢解合成。HBIW的这五种氢解脱苄化合物均可经硝解合成六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷（HNIW）。另外，本文总结了HBIW及其五种氢解脱苄产物的红外、核磁和质谱数据及它们的基本性能参数。     

异伍兹烷衍生物的研究进展

六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷(HNIW或CL-20)是当今世界上综合性能最好的单质炸药,在20余年的研究过程中,各国研究者合成出了百余种异伍兹烷衍生物.根据笼体上取代基的不同以及合成反应的类型,系统总结了各类衍生物的合成、用途及反应性.最后对异伍兹烷衍生物的发展方向进行了展望.     

含能材料六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷分子的B3LYP研究

在B3LYP/6-31G^**水平上对六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷(CL-20)分子进行结构优化、集居数分析、自然键轨道和振动频率计算,得到与实验值相符的稳定构型.根据计算结果,讨论了键特性对分子性质的影响.     

ε-六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷（CL-20）热解机理的理论研究

运用量子化学中非限制性Hartree-Fock自洽场(UHF-SCF)PM3分子轨道(MO)方法,计算研究六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷(HNIW或CL-20)的最稳定ε晶型化合物的气相热解引发反应.求得可能的四种不同热解反应通道的过渡态、活化能和位能曲线,发现其热解引发步骤为五元环上侧链N—NO2键的均裂.在过渡态附近相关原子电荷发生突变.     

高张力笼形氮杂环化合物的合成

以六苄基六氮杂异伍兹烷(HBIW)为母体,Pd(OH)₂/C为催化剂,在温和条件下,通过选择性催化氢解脱苄,使部分或全部苄基被其它官能团(如CH₃O-,C₂H₅-,CHO-)取代,合成了4种N-取代六氮杂异伍兹烷,并鉴定了它们的结构.这些化合物都是高张力的笼形氮杂环化合物,且均可作为合成六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷(HNIW)的前体,而HNIW是当今最引人注目和最有军用前景的高能量密度化合物(HEDC).     

多组分炸药混合物中CL-20的高效液相色谱测定

在过去几年内已经有许多新炸药被合成,无论是对于实验室工作还是产品的质量控制,这些新炸药能够被定性定量分析都是很重要的[1].六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷(简称HNIW或 CL-20)就是其中的一种,CL-20的潜在应用包括作为军用或者空间飞行器的推进剂.     

四硝基二(叠氮乙酰基)六氮杂异伍兹烷(TNDAIW)的可能构型及其性质的理论研究

四硝基二(叠氮乙酰基)六氮杂异伍兹烷(TNDAIW)是一种新型的多氮杂、多环、笼 形、多叠氮基的硝胺炸药, 该炸药由本实验室合成. 文中采用了AM1和PM3半经验量子化学方法对TNDAIW所有的可能构型进行优化. 结果显示, TNDAIW的构型比六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷(CL-20)的晶体结构复杂. 然后, 在HF/6-31G(d)理论水平上对D型TNDAIW的AM1和PM3 能量最低的构型进行了研究. 根据N-NO₂键的键长预测具有优化的可能构型的D-TNDAIW比e-CL-20要稳定. 可能构型DA-TNDAIW和DP-TNDAIW的撞击和冲击感度预计比e-CL-20的低. 因此, 具有预测构型的TNDAIW将是很有希望的高能能量密度的炸药.     

纳米三氧化钨的制备、表征及对六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷热分解的影响

采用水热法通过控制前躯体钨酸钠的加入量和反应时间制备了长方体形纳米WO₃,利用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、扫描电镜及能量散射光谱仪(SEM-EDS)对样品进行表征。并运用差示扫描量热法(DSC)研究纳米WO₃对六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷(CL-20)热分解特性的影响。结果表明:与单组分CL-20相比,纳米WO₃的加入使复合物WO₃/CL-20的热分解峰温降低2.95℃,活化能减小7.74 kJ·mol^-1,因此纳米WO₃能够加速CL-20的热分解。     

Isolation and identification of a new neo-clerodane diterpenoid from Teucrium chamaedrys L.

Teucrium chamaedrys L. is an aromatic and medicinal plant used as traditional medicine. Aerial parts of the plant material were dried and extracted with hexane–dichloromethane (extract 1), ethyl acetate–dichloromethane (extract 2) and methanol–dichloromethane (extract 3) in a ratio of 1:1 at rt successively. The solvents were evaporated to give crude extracts. Extract 1 was suspended in water at 60°C then partitioned successively with hexane and ethyl acetate to give hexane and ethyl acetate portions. After the column chromatography (silica gel) of ethyl acetate extract, one new and four known compounds were isolated. The new compound was named as 1(12S,18R)-15,16-epoxy-2β,6β-dihydroxy-neo-cleroda-13(16),14-dien-20,l2-olide-l8,l9-hemiacetal (teuchamaedryn D) (4). The known compounds were teucrin A (1), dihydroteugin (2), teucroxide (3), syspirensin A (5). The chromatographic methods were also applied for extract 3 to isolate verbascoside (6) and teucrioside (7). The structure of isolated compounds was elucidated by spectroscopic methods including LC-TOF/MS, 1D NMR and 2D NMR.     

^1HNMR双内标法测定2,4-DNT标准物质中的有机杂质

利用^1HNMR确定了2,4-DNT标准物质中的有机杂质为乙醇,根据化合物的核载量定义,采用不含四甲基硅烷（TMS）的氘代丙酮为溶剂,将1,1,2,2-四氯乙烷与六甲基二硅醚的四氯化碳标准溶液加入待测液中作为双内标,用乙醇的甲基质子峰为定量峰对其含量进行了测定。双内标法测定结果分别为O．075％,0．074％,标准偏差分别为0．005,0．006,t检验证实该结果与色谱法定值结果一致。该方法专属、准确、简便、快速,适用于标准物质中有机杂质的测定。     

同时测定鱼肉中氯霉素和甲砜霉素残留量的毛细管气相色谱法

研究了鱼肉中氯霉素和甲砜霉素残留量的气相色谱测定方法。鱼肉中的待测物用乙酸乙酯提取,浓缩至干,溶于水,用正己烷脱脂,水层过 C18小柱,用甲醇洗脱后,用 N, O - 双（三甲基硅烷基）三氟乙酰胺（ BSTFA）＋ 1％ (φ )三甲基氯硅烷（ TMCS）衍生,加入甲苯并用水灭活衍生过程。用外标法定量。当添加水平（ w）为 5× 10－ 9～ 20× 10－ 9时,回收率为 80％～ 108％。相对标准偏差为 4.5％～ 11％;线性相关系数 r>0.997。     

顶空进样气相色谱法测定瑞替加滨中溶剂残留

建立瑞替加滨原料药中甲醇、异丙醇、乙酸乙酯残留溶剂的测定方法。以二甲基亚砜(DMSO)为溶剂,DB–WAX123–7032石英毛细管柱为色谱分离柱,FID检测器,程序升温,氮气为载气。甲醇、异丙醇、乙酸乙酯能得到良好分离,甲醇在29.23~292.30μg/m L范围内有良好的线性,线性相关系数为0.996,平均回收率为103.83%;异丙醇在49.96~499.60μg/m L范围内有良好的线性,线性相关系数r=0.996,平均回收率为105.16%;乙酸乙酯在51.59~515.90μg/m L范围内有良好的线性,线性相关系数为0.996,平均回收率为101.36%。甲醇、异丙醇、乙酸乙酯的检出限分别为0.036,0.213,0.062μg/m L,测定结果的相对标准偏差分别为4.96%,4.52%,4.34%(n=6)。该方法灵敏度高,可用于瑞替加滨原料药中有机溶剂的检测。     

Isolation of three sesquiterpene lactones from the roots of Cichorium glandulosum Boiss. et Huet. by high-speed counter-current chromatography

Because of the skeletal complexity and similarity of the polarity, little research was reported on the isolation of sesquiterpene lactones by high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC). Herein, three sesquiterpene lactones were successfully purified from the ethyl acetate extract of the roots of the traditional Uyghur medicinal plant Cichorium glandulosum Boiss. et Huet. by HSCCC. The separation was performed in two steps with two solvent systems: n-hexane-ethyl acetate-methanol-water (1.5:5:2.75:5, v/v/v/v) and ethyl acetate-methanol-water (20:1:20, v/v/v). From 166 mg of the ethyl acetate extract, 19 mg of lactucopicrin was isolated with the first solvent system and 10 mg of 11beta,13-dihydrolactucin and 16 mg of lactucin were obtained with the second solvent system. All purified compounds were over 94% purity as determined by HPLC analysis, and these chemical structures were confirmed by (1)H NMR and (13)C NMR.     

无柄新乌檀中一个新的三萜成分的分离和鉴定

对无柄新乌檀进行了持续的化学成分及药理作用的研究, 在对其枝干的进一步研究中, 又分离得到一个新的三萜化合物3,7,21,23-四羟基齐墩果烷-12-烯-28-酸. 本文报道其分离方法和结构鉴定结果.     

Sinularia属珊瑚中嘧啶类化合物的分离与鉴定

分离和鉴定了采自中国南海硇州岛软珊瑚Sinularia Bassica样本中新的嘧啶类化合物。样本用工业酒精提取,提取物溶液经乙酸乙酯萃取后,萃取物经硅胶柱层析,以极性不断增大的溶剂体系(石油醚-乙酸乙酯、氯仿-甲醇)梯度洗脱,再经过HPLC分离,得到2,4(1H,3H)-嘧啶二酮、5-甲基-2,4(1H,3H)-嘧啶二酮、1,3-二甲基-2,4(1H,3H)-嘧啶二酮和5-甲氧基-1,3-二甲基-2,4(1H,3H)-嘧啶二酮4种新的嘧啶类化合物,其结构通过红外光谱、1HNMR和13C NMR等光谱数据分析确定。     

Structure-activity studies of irumamycin type macrolides from Streptomyces sp. INA-Ac-5812

Three natural glycosylated macrolide compounds, known irumamycin 1 and X-14952B 2, as well as new isoirumamycin 3, were isolated from ethyl acetate mycelium extract of Streptomyces sp. INA-Ac-5812. Structures of the compounds were elucidated using 1D and 2D NMR. Isoirumamycin 3 was found to be an isomer of irumamycin with an 18-membered macrolactone ring instead of 20-membered macrolide in irumamycin. A previously unknown stereo configuration of irumamycin epoxide (C23, C24) and hemiketal (C3, C7) fragments was deduced from NMR data (ROESY/NOESY and HSQMBC). Cytotoxic, antifungal and antibacterial activities were studied for all isolated compounds. Comparison of the collected data showed crucial importance of 20-membered macrolactone ring for antimicrobial properties of this antibiotic family.     

Design and synthesis of new series of 3-cyanopyridine and pyrazolopyridine derivatives

Reaction of 3-cyano-4,6-dimethyl-2-pyridone with ethyl chloroacetate afforded ethyl 2-([3-cyano-4,6-dimethylpyridin-2-yl]oxy)acetate 2 and ethyl 2-(3-cyano-4,6-dimethyl-2-oxopyridin-1[2H]-yl)acetate 3 , the reaction product yield depend on the reaction condition (potassium carbonate concentration and reaction time). These compounds used as precursors to synthesize pyridine derivatives 4 , 6-10 , 15, 17-20 , furopyridines 5, 16 , pyrazolopyridine 12 , pyridopyrazolopyrimidines 14a,b . The structure of the newly synthesized compounds was confirmed by spectral data (IR, NMR, and mass spectra) and elemental analysis.     

Long-chain alkanoic acid esters of lupeol from Dorstenia harmsiana Engl. (Moraceae)

In addition to lupeol (1a), three long-chain alkanoic acid esters of lupeol, in which two were new, were isolated from the hexane and ethyl acetate twigs extract of Dorstenia harmsiana Engl. (Moraceae). The structures of the new compounds were elucidated on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR experiments. Some isolated compounds were evaluated for their antimicrobial activities. The lupeol and its three long-chain alkanoic acid esters showed antifungal and antibacterial activities.