Stability analysis for coupled systems with time delay on networks

In this paper, the stability problem for some coupled systems with time delay on networks (CSDNs) is investigated. We provide a systematic method for constructing a global Lyapunov functional for CSDNs by using graph theory. The stability, uniform stability and global uniform stability of the systems are investigated. And by using the Lyapunov functional constructed, some sufficient conditions of stability are obtained.     

Graph optimization problems on a Bethe lattice

Thep-partitioning andp-coloring problems on a Bethe lattice of coordination numberz are analyzed. It is shown that these two NP-complete optimization problems turn out to be equivalent to finding the ground-state energy ofp-state Potts models with frustration. Numerical calculation of the cost function of both problems are carried out for several values ofz andp. In the case ofp=2 the results are identical to those obtained by Mézard and Parisi for the case of the bipartitioning problem. A numerical upper bound to the chromatic number is found for several values ofz.     

Studies of structural and morphological characteristics of flower-like ZnO thin film and its application as photovoltaic material

In this work a new method has been employed to synthesize nanocrystalline ZnO powder under hydrothermal conditions at 80 °C using aqueous Zn(NO₃)₂·6H₂O solution and diethylamine (DEA) as the starting materials. The ZnO powder prepared by this novel method was characterized by XRD, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), FTIR and UV–vis techniques. Calculation based on XRD data revealed ZnO particles to be of nanometer size (∼33 nm). The ZnO powder was subsequently used to make its thin film which exhibited flower like morphology when examined by SEM. Thin ZnO films were sensitized with N719 dye, (Bu₄N)₂[Ru(dcbpyH)₂(NCS)₂], and used as photo-anode to construct sandwich type dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). With such cells, V_OC = 0.680 V, J_SC = 0.61 mA cm⁻², fill factor = 0.43 and overall conversion efficiency η = 0.23% were achieved on illumination with visible light (80 mW cm⁻²).     

Growth of Si whiskers by MBE: Mechanism and peculiarities

We analyzed the stress-driven mechanism of MBE Si whisker growth. It is shown that the driving force for MBE whisker growth is determined by the relaxation of elastic energy stored in the overgrown layer L_s due to gold intrusion. In this case the supersaturation is determined by the interplay between elastic stresses and surface energy. The latter is considerably decreased due to decoration of the Si surface by gold resulting in formation of thin liquid Si/Au eutectic layer. This suggests that in our case the Si supersaturation is not an independent growth parameter as it is in the chemical vapor deposition growth method. Instead it is determined by stress in the overgrown Si layer. This approach allows us to explain quite well the growth kinetic and the relationship between the radius and the length of the whiskers. The whisker growth in our case can be considered as a stress relaxation mechanism, where the stress relaxation occurs due to transition from the two-dimensional system to the three-dimensional one.     

基于典型工况的半导体制冷系统优化方式探讨

半导体制冷的特殊性,使制冷优化探讨对其工程应用具有重要指导意义.文中阐述了作为制冷片工作参数优化依据的最大效率E、等增量I、等功率P、综合最佳S、最大制冷量Q和最大温差T六种典型制冷工况.工况对比分析指出,温差亦是影响制冷性能的重要因素.在讨论各工况应用场合和制冷片损坏机理的基础上.探讨了温差优化和供电与控制方式优化措...     

Density functional predictions of new silicon allotropes: Electronic properties and potential applications to Li-battery anode materials

In terms of first-principles density functional calculations, we investigate the stabilities and electronic properties of two hypothetical allotropes of silicon, the body-centered tetragonal (Bct) and monoclinic (M4) phases. The calculated electronic structures and phonon dispersions reveal that both phases are stable and have a band gap smaller than that of the diamond form of silicon by a factor of ∼2. We also discuss the possible applications of Bct and M4 phases as lithium-battery anode material.     

Zone–edge optical transitions in GaAs/AlAs lateral superlattices grown on vicinal surfaces by molecular beam epitaxy

We report on new features in the photoluminescence excitation (PLE) spectra and PLE linear polarization spectra of GaAs/AlAs lateral superlattices grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). These lines appear systematically as the tilt angle of the lateral superlattice is varied. They are identified as zone–edge excitonic transitions by comparison between experimental data and detailed numerical calculations of optical transitions including valence-band mixing and tilt effects.     

Complexity and synchronization in chaotic fiber-optic systems

In this work we investigate experimentally the complexity of chaotic attractors generated by a semiconductor laser subjected to optical feedback and associate their dimensionality with the synchronization efficiency of the corresponding chaotic transmitter-receiver configuration. The complexity is characterized by calculating the correlation dimension D₂ of experimental chaotic time series for different values of the optical feedback η. We present the effect of D₂ on the synchronization efficiency and determine the optimal operating condition that leads to the most complex chaotic carrier and, simultaneously, to the most successful synchronization. Lastly, we associate and explain our experimental results with theoretical predictions in the research literature.     

半导体制冷箱的三维有限元优化与实验研究

基于ANSYS平台,建立了半导体制冷箱温度场数值分析的三维模型,对制冷箱的内胆形状、制冷片的布置方位、个数、排列方式以及保温层的厚度进行了仿真并优化,再通过具体实验验证。结果表明:当半导体制冷箱的容积为10升时,制冷片安置在制冷箱的顶面,制冷片的数量为3片且呈三角形方式排列,箱体内胆的长宽高分别为320mm、210mm、150mm,保温层的厚度为20mm时,是一种比较理想的结构,能实现半小时内将环境温度(30℃)降到0～5℃的要求。     

Inherent post-collision interaction in spectator: Auger-transitions in metals and charge-transfer systems

The inherent post-collision interaction (PCI) between an Auger-electron and a spectator electron in core-hole decay in metals and charge-transfer systems is described in a systematic maimer by a many-body theory. The inherent PCI effect on spectator Auger-transition spectral lineshapes of metals and charge-transfer systems is discussed. The spectator Auger-transition energy shift due to a change of chemical environment is discussed in the light of the inherent PCI.     

Inherent correlations between thermodynamics and statistical physics in extensive and nonextensive systems

With the help of a general expression of the entropies in extensive and nonextensive systems, some important relations between thermodynamics and statistical mechanics are revealed through the views of thermodynamics and statistical physics. These relations are proved through the MaxEnt approach once again. It is found that for a reversible isothermal process, the information contained in the first and second laws of thermodynamics and the MaxEnt approach is equivalent. Moreover, these relations are used to derive the probability distribution functions in nonextensive and extensive statistics and calculate the generalized forces of some interesting systems. The results obtained are of universal significance.     

Characterization of dynamical systems under noise using recurrence networks: Application to simulated and EEG data

In this letter, we study the influence of observational noise on recurrence network (RN) measures, the global clustering coefficient (C) and average path length (L  ) using the Rössler system and propose the application of RN measures to analyze the structural properties of electroencephalographic (EEG) data. We find that for an appropriate recurrence rate (RR>0.02$RR>0.02$) the influence of noise on C can be minimized while L is independent of RR for increasing levels of noise. Indications of structural complexity were found for healthy EEG, but to a lesser extent than epileptic EEG. Furthermore, C performed better than L in case of epileptic EEG. Our results show that RN measures can provide insights into the structural properties of EEG in normal and pathological states.     

Design and optimization of frequency tunable semiconductor laser used in resonator integrated optic gyro

Frequency tunable semiconductor laser has potential applications in resonator integrated optic gyro (RIOG) for its small size and easy to be integrated. An alternative construction of frequency tunable semiconductor laser with planar waveguide external cavity is proposed in this paper. The frequency tuning section, which is placed between the active section and Bragg grating section, is designed to be one part of the waveguide external cavity. The slab etched grating, based on the silicon-on-isolator ridge waveguide, is adopted to narrow the width of reflectivity spectrum. After the theoretical analysis and simulations, the frequency modulation coefficient of 2.1 MHz/mA is obtained, and the power change is less than 3.6 × 10⁻⁴ dB/1.6 GHz. The proposed configuration combines the advantages of wavelength tunable laser and external cavity laser, and it can realize precision frequency tuning, ignored power fluctuation and narrow linewidth, which contribute much to RIOG.     

On interesting walks in a graph

Notions of interesting walks and of their equivalence are introduced. A general formula for the number _l, of equivalence classes of interesting walks of lengthl in a given graphG is derived and applied forl 5 so as to express _l in terms of the adjacency matrix ofG.     

B40 fullerene: An efficient material for CO2 capture,storage and separation

Novel nanomaterials are promising for capture, storage and separation of CO₂. By density functional calculations, we find that the newly discovered B₄₀ fullerene is a suitable candidate. CO₂ forms stable chemisorptions with B₄₀ on specific sites, which is validated by the high adsorption energy, large charge transfer, and kinetic feasibility for B₄₀(CO₂) complexes. Due to the strong chemisorption, B₄₀ shows high adsorption capacity for CO₂ (up to 13.87 mmol/g). In addition, B₄₀ shows good selectivity for CO₂ and is efficient in separating it from gas mixtures like CO₂/N₂, CO₂/H₂, and CO₂/CH₄.     

A physical explanation for the origin of self-similar magnetoconductance fluctuations in semiconductor billiards

We report quantum-mechanical calculations which replicate the self-similar magnetoconductance fluctuations observed in recent experiments on semiconductor Sinai billiards. We interpret these fluctuations by considering the mixed stable-chaotic classical dynamics of electrons in the billiard. In particular, we show that the fluctuation patterns are dominated by individual stable orbits. The scaling characteristics of the self-similar fluctuations depend on the geometry of the associated stable orbit. We find that our analysis is insensitive to the details of the potential landscape, and is applicable to real devices with a wide range of soft-wall profiles. We show that our analysis also provides a possible explanation for the distinct series of magnetoconductance fluctuations observed in recent experiments on carbon nanotubes.     

The effects of Gd3+ doping on the physical structure and photocatalytic performance of Bi2MoO6 nanoplate crystals

Gd³⁺ doped Bi₂MoO₆ nanoplate crystals were fabricated by solvothermal combined calcination method. The effects of Gd³⁺ doping with different concentrations on the texture, crystal and optical properties of Bi₂MoO₆ were investigated by N₂ physical adsorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflection spectrum (UV–vis DRS), photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Under simulated solar light irradiation, the influences of Gd³⁺doping on photocatalytic activity of Bi₂MoO₆ were evaluated by photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B. The characterization results showed that with Gd³⁺ doping, a contraction of lattice and a decrease in crystallite size occurred. Meanwhile, an increase in surface area over Gd³⁺ doped Bi₂MoO₆ was observed. Moreover, Gd³⁺ doping could obviously enhance the visible light harvesting of Bi₂MoO₆ and promoted the separation of photogenerated electrons and holes. With optimum Gd³⁺(6 wt%) doping, Gd/Bi₂MoO₆ exhibited the best activity and stability in degradation of Rhodamine B.     

High spin limits and non-abelian T-duality

The action of the non-abelian T-dual of the WZW model is related to an appropriate gauged WZW action via a limiting procedure. We extend this type of equivalence to other σ-models with non-abelian isometries and their non-abelian T-duals, focusing on Principal Chiral models. We reinforce and refine this equivalence by arguing that the non-abelian T-duals are the effective backgrounds describing states of an appropriate parent theory corresponding to divergently large highest weight representations. The proof involves carrying out a subtle limiting procedure in the group representations and relating them to appropriate limits in the corresponding backgrounds. We illustrate the general method by providing several non-trivial examples.     

Quantization of gauge fields,graph polynomials and graph homology

We review quantization of gauge fields using algebraic properties of 3-regular graphs. We derive the Feynman integrand at n$n$ loops for a non-abelian gauge theory quantized in a covariant gauge from scalar integrands for connected 3-regular graphs, obtained from the two Symanzik polynomials.     

正电子的预言与发现

介绍了物理学家狄拉克的科学贡献以及他的科学思想和科学方法,着重介绍了他所创立的相对论性的电子运动方程即狄拉克方程,阐明了正电子的预言过程和安德森发现正电子的过程及深远意义。