单晶硅表面制绒及其特性研究

研究了在不同的碱液(NaOH,Na2CO3,NaHCO3,Na2 SiO3,Ca(OH)2,CH3 COONa)和异丙醇(IPA)制绒下单晶硅表面金字塔结构的变化情况,使用分光光度计测量了不同结构表面的反射率变化.结果表明,金字塔绒面的表面反射率与金字塔结构及大小分布情况有关,实验中获得的最低表面反射率为7.8;.金字塔结构断面SEM图显示金字塔顶角在断面上的投影角度不会随反应条件和金字塔大小改变,维持在80°左右.最后,通过制绒后硅片表面金字塔形貌的扫描电镜图样和反射率的分析,提出了织构率α的概念,得到了快速了解单晶硅表面金字塔覆盖率的方法.     

多晶硅的反应离子刻蚀(R IE)制绒绒面研究

实验基于反应离子刻蚀(Reaction Ion Eatching RIE)技术进行的多晶硅片纳米绒面制备,这种结构的绒面可明显降低晶体硅电池反射率,提高电池短路电流.实验具体指将多晶硅片在同一条件混酸溶液中腐蚀去除表面损伤,然后利用RIE制绒技术进行不同尺寸纳米绒面制备,根据绒面变化分别调整工艺进行清洗及电池制备,发现绒面小到一定程度时RIE制绒过程造成的损伤不易清洗去除且抗反射SiNx膜沉积困难.所以多晶硅片RIE制绒不可单纯的追求小绒面和低反射率,实验证明纳米绒面凹坑尺寸最小应控制在240~360 nm才能更稳定地匹配清洗、沉积抗反射膜等工艺从而制备出高光电转换效率的多晶硅电池.     

十二烷基苯磺酸钠与聚乙烯吡咯烷酮复配表面活性剂对单晶硅制绒的影响

本文采用十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)与聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)的复配溶液作为单晶硅制绒添加剂,取代目前常用碱醇制绒液中的异丙醇,不仅降低了绒面的反射率、缩短了制绒时间,而且具有成本低、制绒过程中不需要定时补充等特点。本文研究了SDBS与PVP复配添加剂的比例、浓度、反应时间、反应温度等对单晶硅制绒效果的影响,实验发现当SDBS与PVP的混合体积比为1∶4、复配添加剂的浓度为0.26%(质量分数)、制绒温度为80 ℃、制绒时间为15 min时,在400~1 000 nm波长范围内的平均反射率为9.8%。与传统的碱醇制绒液相比,SDBS与PVP复配添加剂的制绒时间缩短了25 min,反射率降低约2%,是一种非常有发展潜力的产业化单晶硅制绒添加剂。     

球磨增强液相剥离法制备h-BN纳米片的工艺研究

针对异丙醇溶液中高质量、高产率六方氮化硼(h-BN)纳米片的制备工艺开发问题,本文在研究h-BN粉在异丙醇(IPA)溶液中分散工艺及其悬浮稳定性的基础上,采用球磨与超声相结合的方法研究其剥离工艺,系统研究超声时间、功率、h-BN浓度及球磨时间对h-BN剥离效果的影响.采用XRD、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、原子力显微镜(AFM)等对h-BN球磨粉体和所制备的h-BN纳米片进行了表征,并用吸光度表征了h-BN剥离产率.研究结果表明:在异丙醇溶液中加入5wt;的油酸(OA)可以提升h-BN粉的悬浮稳定性,从而提升剥离效果和效率;在液相超声剥离时,提高粉体浓度,纳米片层数提高;提高超声功率,可获得少层h-BN纳米片,但纳米片均匀性下降且制备效率较低.将h-BN粉与异丙醇溶液在300r/min转速下球磨10 h后,以0.25 mg/mL的BN/IPA溶液在350 W功率下超声20h,剥离出的h-BN纳米片为10层以下,层间距为0.33 nm,同时使剥离产率提高6.4倍.     

多晶硅制绒工艺研究

本文讨论了多晶硅制绒工艺技术,对比多晶硅在碱混合液和酸混合液中制绒,酸溶液制绒能更好的改善多晶硅表面减反射作用。采用显微镜及模拟日光器对电池性能检测分析,结果表明,不同绒面的多晶硅电池电学性能参数存在差异,并对多晶硅的最佳刻蚀深度进行了总结。     

HIT太阳电池衬底形貌修饰及其应用研究

在HIT太阳电池非晶硅沉积过程中,单晶硅衬底的绒面金字塔沟壑处易发生外延生长,影响电池输出性能.采用碱性体系(NaClO溶液)对硅片进行绒面形貌修饰,在NaOH的各向异性刻蚀和NaClO的氧化作用下,金字塔结构由尖锐的四面体向较圆滑的“锥形”转变,尤其金字塔底部变得平滑.随着形貌修饰时间的增加,样品表面平均反射率呈线性增大,从未修饰样品的12.48;升高至13.79;,钝化后硅片少子寿命显著提升,绒面形貌修饰有效改善了界面钝化质量,中长波外量子效率提升,从而实现电池电性能的提升.样品绒面形貌修饰45 min后,开路电压从656.3 mV升高至699.8 mV,转换效率提高1.8;.此外,研究了反应温度对表面形貌修饰及HIT太阳电池性能的影响,基于70℃、10; NaClO溶液、45 min的绒面修饰条件下制备的HIT太阳电池转换效率达到最高,为12.02;.     

LPCVD法在制绒单晶硅片衬底上制备ZnO∶B透明导电薄膜及其性能的研究

采用低压化学气相沉积法(LPCVD)在制绒的单晶硅片衬底上制备了B掺杂ZnO(BZO)的透明导电薄膜,研究了B2H6掺杂量、沉积时间对BZO薄膜的微观形貌、导电性能及光学减反性能的影响.结果表明,在制绒单晶硅片衬底上制备的BZO薄膜均呈现“类金字塔”的绒面结构,其平均晶粒尺寸在200 ～ 500 nm之间,并随B2H6掺杂量增加而减小;BZO薄膜的方阻随沉积时间的增加而呈线性迅速减小的趋势,当沉积时间为420 s时,BZO薄膜的方块电阻低至28 Ω/□;在制绒单晶硅片上制备BZO薄膜后,表面平均反射率由15;明显降低至5;左右,表现出优异的光学减反性能.     

基于负性光刻胶掩膜的湿法多晶硅制绒

提出了一种用于大规模多晶硅太阳能电池生产的制绒工艺,采用负性光刻胶作为湿法刻蚀的掩膜,制备蜂巢状低反射率绒面.通过研究氢氟酸/硝酸溶液中各向同性刻蚀时腐蚀坑的形成过程,发现随着刻蚀时间的增加,在掩膜图形的开孔下逐渐形成六方分布的球面形状的腐蚀坑,腐蚀坑的深径比(深度/开孔直径)出现先上升然后下降的趋势.同理论计算值对比发现,随着刻蚀时间增加,掩膜和硅片的附着紧密性及掩膜的阻挡效应降低,酸液可能渗入了掩膜和硅片的界面,横向刻蚀速度快速上升,降低了深径比,导致实际的反射率高于理论计算值.尽管如此,本文还是成功制备了孔径15微米的蜂巢状绒面,反射率达到了22.9;.     

氧化性在硅太阳电池织构中的作用

在单晶硅太阳电池的制备中,碱性腐蚀常被用于在晶体硅上形成金字塔结构,减小光的反射,提高太阳电池的效率.获得小而分布均匀的金字塔绒面结构有利于提高太阳电池的转化效率.本文通过优化NaClO织构工艺,获得了金字塔平均尺寸为1.4 μm,平均表面反射率为11.5;的织构绒面,并探索了形成小金字塔的机理.认为NaClO具有一定的氧化性是其形成小金字塔的可能原因.为了研究氧化性在织构中的作用,采用在无氧化性的NaOH溶液中分别通入了氧气和氩气.实验结果表明,在常规的NaOH织构过程中加入氧化剂有助于减小金字塔的尺寸.由于NaClO溶液自身既具有碱性,又具有氧化性,织构时不需要额外地加入氧化剂.与常规织构所用的NaOH溶液相比,NaClO溶液更易得到小而分布均匀的金字塔绒面,更适用于太阳电池的制备.     

晶体硅金字塔绒面结构圆化对其光反射率和非晶硅薄膜钝化效果的影响

(001)晶体硅金字塔绒面结构圆化有提高光反射率与提高非晶硅薄膜钝化效果的相互矛盾的双重作用,定量了解它们对优化非晶硅/晶体硅异质结太阳电池的绒面结构圆化程度很有必要.本文以表面粗糙度Rz相对下降百分数定量表征晶体硅衬底表面金字塔绒面结构圆化程度DR,研究了DR值对等离子体化学气相沉积氢化本征非晶硅薄膜钝化效果的改善作用,发现除圆化初期效果异常高以外,二者之间基本呈线性正比关系;相对改善作用随钝化膜变薄而显著提高.同时测定了DR值对金字塔绒面光反射率的影响,发现反射率基本随DR值线性增大.典型结果为:6;绒面结构圆化程度下,金字塔绒面的光反射率绝对值提高3;;其表面7 nm厚的氢化本征非晶硅薄膜可达到使硅片少数载流子寿命相对未圆化绒面样品提高260;.     

First-principles coexistence simulations of supercooled liquid silicon

We perform first-principles coexistence simulations of the low-density and the high-density phases of supercooled liquid silicon and find a negative slope for the coexisting line in the temperature-pressure plane. Electron density maps and electron-localization function plots of the two phases of silicon show marked differences. The calculated differences suggest more localized electrons in the low-density liquid compared to the high-density liquid, coming from an increased population of covalent bonds, which further explain the calculated negative slope in the two phase coexistence regime. This is consistent with the presence of a pseudo-gap in low-density liquid silicon, absent in the high-density liquid which shows a metallic behavior.     

Triethyl ammonium salt of O,O′-bis(p-tolyl)dithiophosphate, [Et3NH]+[(4-MeC6H4O)2PS2]−

Triethyl ammonium Salt of O,O′-bis(p-tolyl)dithiophosphate and O,O′-bis(m-tolyl)dithiophosphate have been obtained by reaction of p- and m-cresol, respectively with P₂S₅ in toluene and have been characterized by elemental analysis, IR, ¹H and ³¹P NMR spectroscopy. The molecular structure of O,O′-bis(p-tolyl)dithiophosphate has been determined. Crystal data: [Et₃NH]⁺[(4-MeC₆H₄O)₂PS₂]⁻: Monoclinic, P2₁/c, a=15.2441(9) ?, b=10.415(2) ?, c=3.9726(9) ?, β=91.709(7)°, V=2217.5(1) ?⁻³, Z=4.Supplementary materials Additional material available from the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre (CCDC no. 600927 for [Et₃NH]⁺[(4-MeC₆H₄O)₂PS₂]⁻ comprises the final atomic coordinates for all atoms, thermal parameters, and a complete listing of bond distances and angles. Copies of this information may be obtained free of charge on application to The Director, 12 Union Road, Cambridge CB2 2EZ, UK (fax: +44-1223-336033; email: deposit@ccdc.cam.ac.uk or www:http://www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk).     

Crystal structures of thecis andtrans isomers of dithiahexahydro[3.3]metacyclophane

Structures of both thecis andtrans isomers of dithiahexahydro[3.3]metacyclophane, ?C₆H₄?CH₂SCH₂?C₆H₁₀?CH₂SCH₂?, have been determined, wherecis andtrans refer to the attachments to the cyclohexane ring. Thecis form crystallizes in the monoclinic space groupP2₁/c witha=8.4299(11)Å,b=21.772(2)Å,c=8.9724(13)Å, β=116.574(11)^o, andZ=4. Thetrans isomer packs into the monoclinic space groupP2₁ witha=8.159(16)Å,b=10.185(5)Å,c=9.558(2)Å, β=112.435(18)^o, andZ=2. The cyclohexane ring of thecis isomer is in the chair conformation, while the cyclohexane of thetrans isomer is found in a twisted boat conformation.     

CTAB与SDBS对碳酸锶粒子生长形态调控及机理研究

以表面活性剂CTAB和SDBS为化学添加剂,采用化学共沉淀法对碳酸锶晶体的生长形态进行调控,成功地制备出了实心的树枝状和花瓣为空心的花状碳酸锶粉体,并用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)等分析手段对样品进行了表征;最后重点对化学添加剂可能产生的影响机理进行了初步的探讨.结果表明,CTAB和SDBS在晶体生长的过程中能起到显著的影响作用,两者对粒子分散性能的作用效果相反,而且后者对晶体(013)和(213)晶面表面能降低的贡献明显大于前者.     

Crystal structures of the cis and trans isomers of a tetrathia[3.3.3.3]cyclophane

Both the cis and trans isomers of 3,11,18,26-tetrathiatricyclo[26.2.2.1^5,9.2^13,16.1^20,24] hexatriaconta-5,7,9,20,22,24-hexene have been prepared and structurally characterized. Each of these centrosymmetric tetrathia dimers includes two cyclohexane rings in chair conformations with either 1,4-cis or 1,4-trans bonding and two meta-substituted benzene rings. The cis isomer packs into the monoclinic space group P2₁/a with a = 10.485(3)Å, b = 10.3956(18)Å, c = 14.1343(10)Å, = 105.200(13)°, Z = 2 and refined to an R factor of 0.046. The trans isomer crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2₁/c with a = 10.7217(12)Å, b = 5.6797(7)Å, c = 25.415(5)Å, = 96.001(12)°, Z = 2 and refined to an R factor of 0.043. In the cis structure each benzene ring faces a cyclohexane ring while in the trans structure the cyclohexane rings face one another.     

Crystal structure of Zn4Na(OH)6SO4Cl·6H2O

The structure of Zn₄Na(OH)₆SO₄Cl·6H₂O, a secondary mineral from Hettstedt, Germany, was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystals are hexagonal,a=8.413(8),c=13.095(24) Å, space group $P\bar 3$ , Z=2. The structure was refined to R=0.0554 and R_w=0.0903 for 970 reflections with I≥3σ(I). The structure can be described as zinc hydroxide layers perpendicular toc, from which sulfates and chlorides extend. The layers are held together by a system of hydrogen bonds involving hexaaquo Na⁺ ions which occupy the interlayer space.     

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of 5-[2-(6-bromonaphthalenyloxymethyl)]-3-(4-morpholinomethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3<Emphasis Type="Italic">H</Emphasis>)-thione

Abstract  The title compound, C₁₈H₁₈BrN₃O₃S, a derivative of 1,3,4-oxadiazole, crystallizes in the triclinic space group P-1 with unit cell parameters a = 6.8731(3), b = 8.9994(4), c = 15.7099(6) ?, α = 92.779(3)°, β = 130.575(3)°, γ = 107.868(4)°, Z = 2. The dihedral angle between the mean planes of the planar naphthyl and morpholine (chair) rings with the planar oxadiazol ring is 50.1(8) and 76.8(6)°, respectively. The planar naphthyl ring is twisted 52.2(5)° with the mean plane of the morpholine ring. A group of four intermolecular close contacts are observed between a bromine atom and hydrogen atoms from the closely packed naphthyl, morpholine and oxy–methyl groups in the unit cell. These molecular interactions in concert with an additional series of π–π stacking interactions that occur between the center of gravity of the two 6-membered rings of the naphthalene group influence the twist angles of each of these three groups. A MOPAC AM1 calculation of the conformation energy of the crystal structure [226.0128(9) kcal] compared to that of the minimum energy structure after geometry optimization [29.9744(1) kcal] reveals a significantly reduced value. The twist angles of the three groups above also change after the AM1 calculation giving support to the influence of both intermolecular C–H···Br short-range interactions and Cg π–π stacking interactions on these angles which therefore play a role in stabilizing crystal packing. Graphical Abstract  Crystal structure of 5-{[(6-bromonaphthalen-2-yl)oxy]methyl}-3-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3H)-thione, C₁₈H₁₈BrN₃O₃S, is reported and its geometric and packing parameters described and compared to a MOPAC computational calculation. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

电沉积法制备ZnO纳米棒阵列及其发光特性

本文以掺F的SnO2导电玻璃为基板,以硝酸锌水溶液为电解液,采用三电极恒电位体系电沉积制备ZnO纳米棒阵列,系统考察了硝酸锌浓度和沉积电位等工艺参数对ZnO纳米棒阵列的微观形貌及其发光性能的影响规律.结果表明,硝酸锌浓度和沉积电位对纳米棒阵列的形貌有显著影响,控制适宜的工艺条件可以制备出直径分布均匀、结晶性好且纯度高的六方纤锌矿ZnO纳米棒阵列.荧光光谱分析表明,电沉积制备出的ZnO纳米棒阵列在385 nm附近有一个强荧光发射峰,且发光性能稳定、对纳米棒阵列微观形貌的细微变化不敏感,使其在发光二极管和激光器等领域具有广阔的应用前景.     

Crystal structure of irisolidone from the flowers of Pueraia lobata

Irisolidone (5,7-dihydroxy-6,4′-dimethoxyisoflavone) was isolated from the flowers of Pueraia lobata and its crystal structure was examined by X-ray single crystal diffraction. The crystal structure of irisolidone is monoclinic, space group P2₁/c with a = 15.491(9) ?, b = 7.895(4) ?, c = 13.321(7) ?, β = 110.546(9)° and Z = 4. Hydrogen bonding and aromatic π–π stacking assemble the title compound into a three-dimensional networking structure.