在有机相酶催化反应中用盐／盐水合物控制水活度

以正己烷中脂肪酶催化仲丁醇和乙烯基乙酸酯间的转酯化制备乙酸仲丁酯的反应为模型反应，用已知水活度的盐／盐水合物对控制反应体系的水活度，研究了水活度对酶催化反应的进程和初步速度的影响。考察了盐对的比例，以及盐对的加入量对反应过程的影响，从相律角度分析了用水活度的盐／盐水合物对控制反应体系的水活度可行性。     

聚甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯载体固定化酵母脂肪酸在有机溶剂中催化酯合成反应的研究

用悬浮聚合法合成了一系列聚甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯载体，考察了它们固定化酵母脂肪酶活力与载体的交联度和致孔剂用量之间的关系。研究了这些固定化酵母脂肪酶在有机溶剂中催化酯合成反应的活性。脂肪酶的固定化使之活力表达更为充分，对亲水性较强的有机溶剂有更强的耐受性，并能为其在有机溶剂中催化酯合成反应提供必需水。考察了ｐＨ值，底物种类对固定化酵母脂肪酶催化酯合成反应的影响。     

聚甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯载体固定化酵母脂肪酶在有机溶剂中催化…

用悬浮聚合法合成了一系列聚甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯载体，考察了它们固定化酵母脂肪酶活力与载体的交联度和致孔剂用量之间的关系。研究了这些固定化酵母脂肪酶在有机溶剂中催化酯合成反应的活性，脂肪酶的固定化使之活力表达更为充分，对亲水性较强的有机溶剂有更强的耐受性，并能为其在有机溶剂中催化酯合成反应提供必需水。考察了ＰＨ值，底物种类对固定化酵母脂肪酶催化酯合成反应的影响。     

交联烯丙基葡聚精凝胶固定化脂肪酸的研究

本文研究了烯丙基葡聚糖和N、N＇－亚甲基双丙烯酰胺经反相悬浮聚合包埋固定化脂肪酶的方法。考察了悬浮介质、交联度对固定化酶的影响，得出了包埋固定化脂肪酶的最佳条件；并测定了固定化脂肪酶的催化性能，确定了该固定化酶催化橄榄油水解的最适条件。     

聚丙烯酸甲酯载体对柱状假丝酵母脂肪酶固定化的研究（Ⅰ）

合成了一系列不同结构的聚丙烯酸甲酯，考察了它们的固定化酵母脂肪酶催化酯水解反应的效果，得到了载体孔结构对固定化效果影响的一些规律．研究了最佳吸附条件，比较ｐＨ和离子强度对酵母脂肪酶自由酶和固定化酶催化酯水解反应活力的影响．     

水溶液及有机溶剂中固定化催化抗体的行为

水溶液及有机溶剂中固定化催化抗体的行为Ｋｉｍ．Ｄ．Ｊａｎｄａ教授等人宣布，抗体酶的固定化已经取得了初步成功。他们描述了固定化催化抗体在水溶液和有机溶剂中的行为，结果说明在水溶液条件下模拟脂肪酶的催化抗体键合到无机载体上，并保持了他们固定化前在溶液中的...     

有机相中脂肪酶催化糖酯合成的研究

研究了有机相中脂肪酶催化以单糖和乙酸乙烯酯或乙酸酐为底物的糖脂合成反应。建立了定性、定量检测糖酯的方法，考察了７种脂肪酶催化糖酯合成的活力，发现来自假单孢菌属的ＰＳＬ１的活力最高。研究了ＰＳＬ１对不同单糖底物的选择性，发现对甘露醇的选择性最好，转化率可达９５％。研究了反应体系中的含水量对糖酯合成的影响，探讨了酶浓度和温度对反应的影响。     

固定化脂肪酶催化合成生物柴油

固定化脂肪酶催化合成生物柴油;转酯反应;固定化脂肪酶;菜籽油;甲醇;生物柴油     

猪胰脂肪酶的固定化及其在有机相中催化丁酸甲酯和正丁醇的酯交换反应研究

考察了大孔苯乙烯－二乙烯苯交联共聚物的交联度、致孔剂量及胺化试剂对载体固定化猪胰脂肪酶的影响。选择出一种最佳载体对猪胰脂肪酶进行固定化，对比了自由酶和固定化酶在有机相中催化丁酸甲酯和正丁醇的酯交换反应。结果表明，酶经固定化后催化反应活力比自由酶提高近１倍。     

固定化脂肪酶催化高酸废油脂酯交换生产生物柴油

 探讨了固定化脂肪酶Novozym 435催化高酸废油脂与乙酸甲酯酯交换生产生物柴油. Novozym 435能催化高酸废油脂与乙酸甲酯的酯交换反应,反应24 h后甲酯产率为77.5%,但该值大大低于以精制玉米油为原料时的甲酯产率(86.2%). 系统研究了反应体系中的水、游离脂肪酸和乙酸对反应的影响. 当反应体系中的水含量低于0.05%时,水对酶反应速率和甲酯产率影响甚小,而水含量高于0.05%时,酶反应速率和甲酯产率随着水含量的增加而降低. 游离脂肪酸对反应有较大影响,甲酯产率随着游离脂肪酸含量的增加而急剧下降. 乙酸甲酯与游离脂肪酸反应产生的副产物乙酸是导致甲酯产率显著下降的原因. 在反应体系中添加适量(油重的10%)的有机碱三羟甲基氨基甲烷或三乙胺可有效提高酶促高酸废油脂的酯交换反应速率和甲酯产率,使反应12 h后的甲酯产率分别达到85.9%和80.8%; 碱的加入还提高了酶的操作稳定性,添加有机碱三羟甲基氨基甲烷或三乙胺可使反应10批次后Novozym 435的相对酶活力分别由对照值86%提高到97%和93%.     

Immobilized Lipase PS‐C Catalyzed Resolution of Racemic Aromas by Transesterification

Pseudomonas cepacia lipase immobilized on ceramic particles (PS‐C) enantioselectively acylate racemic aroma alcohols with vinyl acetate inorganic solvent. It is observed that laevo isomer under goes enzymatic transesterification enantioselectively.     

非水相中微生物脂肪酶催化转酯化拆分(R,S)-α-苯乙醇

研究了非水有机溶剂体系中脂肪酶不对称转酯化拆分(R,S)-α-苯乙醇反应,比较了15种不同微生物来源的脂肪酶,从中优选出催化活性及对映选择性较高的脂肪酶Lipase PS,系统考察了影响该酶催化不对称转酯化反应的关键因素,获得了优化的催化拆分工艺条件.结果表明,脂肪酶Lipase PS在非水反应体系中,以正己烷为反应介...     

Multicomponent thermosensitive systems for biocatalysts

Composite matrices based on macroporous silica modified by N-vinylcaprolactam copolymers with diallyldimethylammonium chloride and with 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate were obtained. Lipase from Pseudomonas fluorescens was immobilized on the obtained materials. The temperature dependence of the hydrolytic activity of the immobilized lipase preparations in the triacetin hydrolysis was investigated. The hydrolytic activity of lipase immobilized on the matrix modified by the N-vinylcaprolactam copolymer with 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate can be regulated by varying the temperature of the reaction medium. The temperature dependence of the hydrolytic activity of the immobilized enzyme has a maximum at 40 °C, the activity of the immobilized lipase being ∼3.5 times higher compared to that at 20 °C. After immobilization on these composite materials, lipase retained the activity in the acetylation of 1-(RS)-phenylethanol with vinyl acetate in Bu^tOMe.__________Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2, pp. 443–448, February, 2005.     

Enzymatic preparation of (1S,2R)- and (1R,2S)-stereoisomers of 2-halocycloalkanols

The stereoisomers of cis-2-halocycloalkanols were resolved by a kinetically controlled transesterification with vinyl acetate in the presence of lipases in organic media. High enantioselectivities (ee >98%) and good isolated yields were obtained for all substrates using the appropriate lipase. Burkholderia cepacia lipase was the most efficient enzyme for the resolution of these substrates. The enantiomeric purities of the compounds were defined by derivatization with Mosher’s acid and the absolute configurations were determined by chemical correlation.     

Increased enantioselectivity and remarkable acceleration of lipase-catalyzed transesterification by using an imidazolium PEG-alkyl sulfate ionic liquid

Several types of imidazolium salt ionic liquids were prepared derived from poly(oxyethylene)alkyl sulfate and used as an additive or coating material for lipase-catalyzed transesterification in an organic solvent. A remarkably increased enantioselectivity was obtained when the salt was added at 3-10 mol % versus substrate in the Burkholderia cepacia lipase (lipase PS-C)-catalyzed transesterification of 1-phenylethanol by using vinyl acetate in diisopropyl ether or a hexane solvent system. In particular, a remarkable acceleration was accomplished by the ionic liquid coating with lipase PS in an iPr(2)O solvent system while maintaining excellent enantioselectivity; it reached approximately 500- to 1000-fold acceleration for some substrates with excellent enantioselectivity. A similar acceleration was also observed for IL 1-coated Candida rugosa lipase. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry experiments of the ionic-liquid-coated lipase PS suggest that ionic liquid binds with lipase protein.     

Acyclic phenylalkanediols as substrates for the study of enzyme recognition. Regioselective acylation by porcine pancreatic lipase: a structural hypothesis for the enzymatic selectivity

The regioselective acylation of phenylalkanediols catalysed by porcine pancreatic lipase (PPL) was the reaction used for modelling different areas in the active site of the enzyme. With this aim, different racemic or prochiral (1,n)-diols, with n ranging from 2 to 6 were resolved via transesterification with vinyl acetate, and the results were explained according to microcrystalline enzyme structure. Thus, we describe a logical model for explaining the enzyme regio and stereoselectivity, based on three residues of the active site (Ser153, Phe216 and His264) which turned out to be crucial for the substrate binding and transformation.     

Resolution of 2-Octanol via Lipase-catalyzed Enantioselective Acetylation in Organic Solvents

The lipases from different sources were screened for their ability to catalyze the resolution of 2-octanol in organic solvents with vinyl acetate as the acylating reagent. The medium effect has been studied on the irreversible transesterification with varying water activity(aw). The influence of vinyl acetate concentration on it has also been investigated. Under the optimal conditions, the enantiomeric ratio(E value) of pseudomonas fluorescence lipase (PFL) exceeded 200 with an enantiomeric excess (e. e. ) of S-2-octanol above 99% at a 51% degree of conversion.     

Production of l-menthyl acetate through kinetic resolution by Candida cylindracea lipase: effects of alkaloids as additives

Research on Chemical Intermediates - Enzymatic transesterification of dl-menthol with vinyl acetate in tert-Butyl methyl ether (TBME) catalyzed by Candida cylindracea lipase (CCL) was carried out...     

Regioselective acylation of 1,6-anhydro-β-D-glucopyranose catalysed by lipases

Pseudomonas fluorescens lipase (Amano) was found to be highly regioselective (85%) in the catalysed transesterification of 1,6-anhydro-β-D-glucopyranose using vinyl acetate as an acyl donor and solvent.     

Transesterification of Waste Cooking Oil by an Organic Solvent-Tolerant Alkaline Lipase from Streptomyces sp. CS273

The aim of this present study was to produce a microbial enzyme that can potentially be utilized for the enzymatic transesterification of waste cooking oil. To that end, an extracellular lipase was isolated and purified from the culture broth of Streptomyces sp. CS273. The molecular mass of purified lipase was estimated to be 36.55 kDa by SDS PAGE. The optimum lipolytic activity was obtained at alkaline pH 8.0 to 8.5 and temperature 40 °C, while the enzyme was stable in the pH range 7.0?～?9.0 and at temperature ≤40 °C. The lipase showed highest hydrolytic activity towards p-nitrophenyl myristate (C14). The lipase activity was enhanced by several salts and detergents including NaCl, MnSo₄, and deoxy cholic acid, while phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride at concentration 10 mM inhibited the activity. The lipase showed tolerance towards different organic solvents including ethanol and methanol which are commonly used in transesterification reactions to displace alcohol from triglycerides (ester) contained in renewable resources to yield fatty acid alkyl esters known as biodiesel. Applicability of the lipase in transesterification of waste cooking oil was confirmed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis.