溴化亚铜激光气体温度的径向分布与时间变化

应用脉冲期间等离子体电子温度和电子密度实验值,通过一自洽模型,得到了CuBr激光气体温度、原子密度的径向分布与时间变化。中心气体温度1400—1800K。中心温度随时间的波动达300-500K。气体原子密度的径向分布呈一凹形。 关键词：     

Theory of tokamak equilibria with central current density reversal

It is found that, with a model current profile, the Grad-Shafranov equation can be reduced to the Helmholtz equation, which can describe a variety of equilibrium configurations. With the eigenvalue problem solved in the toroidal coordinate system, an analytical solution to the Grad-Shafranov equation is found. It is demonstrated that current reversal equilibrium configurations exist with finite radial gradient of plasma pressure and continuous current density, and that current density reversal is accompanied by pressure gradient reversal.     

HL-2A充气弹丸注入加料的数值模拟研究

为了提高HL-2A等离子体中弹丸加料深度和加料效率,研制了新型充气弹丸注入加料方法.忽略充气弹丸非加料包层的烧蚀过程,在HL-2A托卡马克位形下,应用Trans-neut程序对沉积在径向归一化磁通ψ=0.9位置处的充气弹丸输运特性及其与本底等离子体自洽的相互作用过程进行了二维数值模拟研究,给出了加料粒子和本底等离子体剖...     

A model of Jupiter’s magnetodisk

An axially symmetric equilibrium model of Jupiter’s magnetodisk is developed in the MHD approximation that takes the plasma corotation and the centrifugal force into account. The model is constructed for two cases: (1) the magnetodisk plasma is assumed to have a uniform temperature; (2) the plasma pressure is assumed to be an adiabatic function of density. Analytical expressions for the magnetic field, current density, and magnetodisk temperature and thickness distributions are obtained as functions of the system parameters, viz., the radial distribution of plasma pressure in the equatorial plane, the transverse magnetic field in the center of the layer, and the angular velocity of the plasma rotation.     

Radiative Thermal Instability and Bifurcation

A radial hydrodynamic model is used to investigate the radiative thermal instability in the scrape-off layer by applying a linear stability analysis of existing equilibrium states. Phase space trajectories are analyzed to derive conditions of their existence and bifurcation. Equilibrium profiles are calculated for the cases of homogeneous plasma temperature, plasma density and self-consistency. Unstable perturbations, localized in the scrape-off layer, may lead to a strongly radiating detached plasma belt.     

Temperatures and charged particle densities in a metal-halide arc lamp; comparison of nonequilibrium spectroscopy and thermochemical calculations

Mass and energy spatial flows within high-pressure lighting plasmas containing metal halides may affect the plasma state of equilibrium. In this study, the effect of the thermochemical equilibrium assumptions on the determination of the plasma parameters in a sodium-iodide arc lamp is experimentally investigated. The electron temperature and electron, mercury-ion, and sodium-ion density as a function of the radial distance from the arc axis in a sodium-iodide arc lamp are determined using an emission spectroscopy technique, which is free of equilibrium assumptions. Comparison of the results with those assuming thermochemical equilibrium shows that the actual plasma state differs from that at equilibrium. Possible factors causing the observed differences are discussed.     

EAST低混杂波功率沉积和电流驱动剖面控制的数值模拟

对原有的低混杂波电流驱动模拟程序进行改进,使之能够研究EAST上如何控制低混杂波功率沉积和电流驱动分布.在EAST非圆截面的平衡位形下,应用改进后的程序详细计算不同低混杂波功率谱、等离子体密度和温度分布对低混杂波功率沉积位置和电流驱动剖面分布的影响.通过计算发现,选取合适的低混杂波功率谱,等离子体温度分布和密度分布可以对功率沉积位置和电流驱动分布的剖面进行控制;调节等离子体温度分布可以很好的控制低混杂波近轴电流驱动分布和离轴电流驱动分布.     

Tokamak中自举电流的剖面准直性

利用Harris模型,通过求解等离子体平衡方程,计算俘获粒子份额,分别对常规剪切和中心负剪切下tokamak中的自举电流的大小和剖面准直性进行了计算和分析.自举电流分布与等离子体平衡电流分布之间的剖面准直性可以通过调整等离子体的密度、温度和电流分布参数,以及描述等离子体形状的拉长度k和三角变形因子d来获得.中心负剪切位形有利于自举电流产生,并有好的剖面准直性.通过计算比较,分别在常规剪切位形下和中心负剪切位形下获得了一组优化的等离子体参数,在这组参数下,自举电流有较大的份额和好的剖面准直性 关键词： tokamak 自举电流 剖面准直性     

The Study of Fueling Method and Particle Confinement Improvement

Several high performance tokamak operation regimes have been achieved experimentally in the experiments with the peaked density profiles. The regimes include the improved Ohmic confinement in ASDEX, the pellet enhanced performance mode in Alcator-C, and the super-shot mode in TFTR. In these regimes, peaked core density profiles are always existent, and almost always go with the internal transport barriers, these barriers generally produced by sheared radial electric field. In addition to enhance confinement, the peaked density profile is also needed for the optimized fusion reaction rate and alpha heating power in tokamak plasma, and combined peaked density profile and peaked temperature profile, would make the ignition condition easy obtained. It is desirable to seek and analyze the density profile control schemes that effectively lead to density profile peaking in particle transports experimental investigation.     

���ö�Ŀ������Ż��ƶ�ICF�Ȱ�״̬�ľ���ֲ�

提出了一种以多目标参数优化确定热斑的温度和密度径向分布的方法。用热斑中心位置和燃料界面位置对应的电子温度、靶剩余烧蚀层峰值密度、剩余烧蚀层质量与初始烧蚀层质量的比值以及燃料与烧蚀层分界面位置构成五维变量空间参数空间的每个点描述一组温度和密度分布。将实验测量的X射线图像的归一化强度分布与理论模型计算的强度分布的方差作为两个目标函数;另一个目标函数是实验测量的热斑的平均温度与理论模型计算的平均温度的方差。通过多目标遗传算法搜索五维参数空间获得最优参数,从而获得最优的温度和密度分布。对KB显微镜配合X射线胶片测量的实验结果进行了计算,给出了热斑的最佳温度和密度的径向分布。由测试算例发现,温度分布对目标函数的依赖较强。     

Langmuir probe study in the nonresonant current drive regime of helicon discharge

Characterization of the current drive regime is done for helicon wave-generated plasma in a torus, at a very high operating frequency. A radiofrequency-compensated Langmuir probe is designed and used for the measurement of plasma parameters along with the electron energy distributions in radial scans of the plasma. The electron energy distribution patterns obtained in the operational regime suggest that Landau damping cannot be responsible for the efficient helicon discharge in the present study. A typical peaked radial density profile, high plasma temperature and absence of an appreciable amount of energetic electrons for resonant wave-particle interactions, suggest that the chosen operational regime is suitable for the study of nonresonant current drive by helicon wave. Successful and significant current drive achieved in our device clearly demonstrates the capability of nonresonant current drive by helicon waves in the present operational regime.      

极性对自保护药芯焊丝电弧焊光谱特征的影响

由于自保护药芯焊丝具有抗风性以及优异的焊缝性能,已广泛应用于野外管道焊接以及大型机械的修复过程。电极极性是影响焊接过程的重要工艺参数。为了研究电极极性对电弧等离子体的影响机理,设计电弧等离子体空域中各点逐步扫描的同步采集系统,通过光谱特征谱线的分析,采用Stark谱线轮廓法计算电子密度,并且基于Boltzmann作图法计算电弧等离子体的温度,同时针对Al和Mg活性元素的分布特征进行分析。结果表明,靠近电极处,沿y轴负方向,直流正接时(焊丝接电源负极性),弧柱中心区电弧电子密度、电弧温度和活性元素呈现“水滴状”分布。而直流反接时(焊丝接电源正极性),弧柱中心区电弧电子密度、电弧温度和活性元素的分布特征表现为“手指状”分布。根据“自磁收缩”的原理,直流正接条件下,活性元素在径向方向受到的电磁力较小,整体分布呈现发散状。直流反接条件下,活性元素在径向方向受到的电磁力较大,收缩较为严重,整体表现为收缩状态。采用相同的电参数时,直流反接条件下弧柱中心区的电弧电子密度、电弧温度均大于直流正接条件下得到的电子密度和电弧温度,其中电子密度分布特征和带电粒子的电离程度是影响电弧温度的主要因素。在相同的电...     

Effects of Applied DC Radial Electric Fields on Particle Transport in a Bumpy Torus Plasma

The toroidal ring of plasma contained in the NASA Lewis Bumpy Torus may be biased to positive or negative potentials approaching 50 kilovolts by applying DC voltage to twelve or fewer midplane electrode rings. The electric fields, which are responsible for raising the ions to high energies by ExB/B2 drift, then point radially outward or inward. The profiles of plasma number density are observed to be flat or triangular across the plasma diameter. The absence of a second derivative in the density profile, combined with the flat electron temperature profiles which are observed, implies that the radial transport processes are not diffusional in nature and are dominated by the strong radial electric fields which are applied to the plasma. Evidence from a paired comparison test shows that the plasma number density and confinement time can increase more than an order of magnitude if the electric field acting along the minor radius of the toroidal plasma points inward, relative to the values observed when the electric field points radially outward. Some characteristic data taken under nonoptimized conditions yielded the highest plasma number density (2.7 × 1011/cc on axis) and the longest particle containment times (1.9 milliseconds) observed so far in this experiment.     

On the relativistic cold fluid radial equilibrium of a nonneutral plasma

It is shown that relativistic effects strongly modify the equilibrium of nonneutral plasmas even if the linear velocity of plasma rotation in crossed electric and magnetic fields is small as compared to the speed of light. The change is especially pronounced for the fast rigid-rotor equilibrium, when the frequency of the azimuthal rotation is close to the cyclotron frequency, and the radial density profile becomes approximately parabolic rather than stepwise as predicted by the non-relativistic theory. It is argued that such effects could be detected in experiments similar to those performed by Theiss et al. [A.J. Theiss, R.A. Mahaffey, A.W. Trivelpiece, Phys. Rev. Lett. 35 (1975) 1436]. The relativistic modification of the Brillouin density limit is also addressed.     

Cathodic-arc plasma density, radial profile, and total plasmainventory as measured by microwave interferometer and Faraday cup

The total amount of plasma, peak plasma density, and plasma density radial profile are derived from a series of measurements of ion current density (with a Faraday cup) and integrated electron line density (with a microwave interferometer) for a cathodic arc derived plasma. Comparisons are made between cathode material (erbium and titanium), arc current, background gas pressure, and the presence or absence of a series magnetic solenoid around the coaxial anode and cathode     

Determination of the deuterium temperature profile in magnetic fusion plasmas

Summary A new experimental method for determining the radial deuterium temperature profileT _D(R) in axisymmetrical toroidal fusion plasmas is presented. The method is based on a generalized Abel inversion of neutron brightness data providing the radial neutron emissivity profile of the plasma. This profile, combined with information on the deuterium density profile, is used to determineT _D(R) under the assumption that the ion velocity distribution is Maxwellian. Results are presented here from the analysis of JET data. It is found that, for typical JET plasma conditions, the dominant source of uncertainty arises from the high plasma impurity level and the fact that it is poorly known; these problems can be expected to be remedied and neutron brightness measurements would be expected to be very effective (especially in high-density plasmas) as aT _D(R) diagnostics.     

Zur Mikrowellendiagnostik stromstarker Entladungen mit Skineffekt. Teil II: Bestimmung der Plasmaparameter eines angeströmten Stickstoffbogens bei Atmosphärendruck

Microwave diagnostics of an inhomogeneous, dense, cylindrical plasma column may be used to determine the complex impedance and a mean noise temperature in the range of strong skin effect (theory see part I). This case is realized if the specific d.c. impedance E/I falls below a critical value, e.g. 20 Ω/cm for ω = 10¹⁰. It is shown, that for any radial conductivity profile the complex impedance is a function of E/I only. A formula is derived for calculating the noise temperature of the column as a weighted mean value due to the local plasma temperature and conductivity. In the case of strong skin effect this mean value equals the electron temperature of plasma regions near the boundary of the conducting diameter. These results in connection with spectroscopical diagnostics are use to determine some plasma parameters of an arc discharge in a streaming nitrogen atmosphere at 760 Torr. The temperature profil was obtained from the intensity of the 3371 Å molecular band and then the conductivity profile was calculated using an energy balance equation. The results show that even in the 10 A-case the arc plasma is not in thermal equilibrium, the difference T_e—T_g being about 1,500 ºK. This large difference is due to the flow of neutral gas streaming downward the discharge chamber. The length of the discharge (1·3 cm) is not sufficient for the neutral atoms to reach their equilibrium temperature.     

由电磁测量信号估算平衡磁面

在Tokamak等离子体实验结果分析中实际的平衡磁面是极需要的。本文试探从电磁测量信号推得平衡磁面。 一、自由边界平衡程序 借助于自由边界平衡程序计算中等托卡马克装置HT-6M的平衡量。从MHD平衡方程出发,     

氩气压力对螺旋波放电影响的发射光谱诊断及仿真研究

螺旋波等离子体源以其高电离效率与高密度优势受到多个领域的青睐。螺旋波放电高电离效率的机理或者功率耦合模式,一直是困扰该领域学者的难点之一,对于放电过程与特性的诊断则是揭示其物理机制的重要途径。光谱诊断能够克服介入式诊断手段对等离子体的干扰同时受等离子体烧蚀等弊端,且响应速度快、操作灵活。为研究螺旋波等离子体的放电特性以及气体压力的影响,开展了以氩气为工质气体的光谱实验研究,并针对实验开展了Helic程序数值模拟。通过改变光纤探头焦距调整径向诊断位置,得到谱线强度的径向分布。由氩原子4p-4s能级跃迁产生的谱线主要集中在740～920 nm区间,谱线相对强度较离子激发谱线较强。实验研究发现,在较低氩气压力范围（0.2 Pa<P_Ar<1.0 Pa）,随着压力增加,放电光强迅速增加,但是当压力增加到大于1.0 Pa之后,光强增长的趋势变缓,甚至部分谱线的相对强度不再增长,达到类饱和状态,朗缪尔探针测量得到离子密度变化趋势与其相似。光强分布在靠近径向边界处（r≈4 cm）存在凸起,且随压力增加,该凸起分布更为明显。通过对电子温度的计算发现,压力增加到一定程度将影响放电均匀性。仿真结果显示,增大压力,功率沉积密度的径向分布逐渐向径向边界处积累,与实验观察到的谱线强度径向凸起相一致,螺旋波与TG波的耦合效率增加。随着气体压力的增加,E_r的径向边界峰值降低,原因是波所受阻尼增强,TG波被有效地局限于径向较窄的边界处。电流密度轴向分量J_z在等离子体内部和边界处的峰值呈显著的减小趋势,可见,虽然压力增加一定程度上提高了等离子体密度,但却相应的减小了电离率,导致轴向电流密度受限。但是径向电流密度J_r却呈现先减小后增大的趋势,且增长幅度明显,综合来看,放电效率有所提高。可见适当增加气体压力,有助于提高放电的功率耦合效率和强度,增加等离子体密度。光强比值法是针对线性谱线参数计算的典型方法,Helic程序亦是专业领域内认可度很高的计算工具,结果可靠,分析方法具有可借鉴性。实验及仿真结果对于提高氩气工质下的螺旋波放电强度提供了一定的参考价值。     

Influence of the nature of the filling gas and the radial temperature profile on the density profiles of the plasma components in closed systems

Calculations are carried out for the compositions of the plasmas which are produced in closed cylindrical volumes filled with Xe, N₂, O₂, and CO₂, with the radial temperature profile T(r) approximated by a step function. The redistribution of the plasma density is shown to be strongly influenced by the magnitude of the temperature drop and the ratio of the volumes of the regions at the two different temperatures.