色坐标对白光LED光通量的影响

研究了在蓝光芯片加黄色荧光粉制备白光LED方法中,色坐标位置对光通量的影响。在同样蓝光功率条件下,我们对标准白光点(色坐标x=0.33±0.05,y=0.33±0.05)附近不同色坐标位置的光通量进行了计算。假设(0.325,0.332)位置流明效率为100 lm/W,计算得出,最大光通量对应的色坐标位置为(0.35,0.38),光通量为112 lm;最小光通量对应的色坐标位置为(0.29,0.28),光通量为93.5 lm。相对于100 lm的变化幅度达到18.5%。通过与实验数据的对比和分析,进一步验证了白光LED光通量随色坐标增大而增加的这一趋势。     

基于PWM调光的高显色性白光LED混光优化方法

提出了一种基于脉冲宽度调制(PWM)的红/绿/蓝/暖白(R/G/B/WW)四色发光二极管(LED)白光混合方法。该方法根据多基色混合白光光源相对光谱功率分布(SPD)符合线性叠加原理,采用1931 CIE-XYZ三刺激值建立混合光中各光源色坐标与贡献率的关系。在优化目标显色性能最佳时,建立混合光的光通量与占空比的函数关系,并采用R/G/B/WW四色LED进行实验验证。结果表明,R/G/B/WW LED模块可实现一般显色指数Ra在95以上、其最大相对误差为1.35%、相关色温在3 000～7 000 K、光通量为200～1 000 lm、发光效率在170～240 lm/W范围变化的白光调节。     

白光LED极限流明效率的计算

对蓝光芯片加黄色荧光粉制备白光LED方法的流明效率进行了理论计算。根据光度学原理,我们考虑到视觉函数V(λ)的修正,以色坐标为x=0.325,y=0.332,显色指数为81.5,色温为5 914 K的白光LED发光光谱为依据,计算了白光LED流明效率的理论极限:得出每瓦白光LED辐射光功率产生的光通量为298.7 lm,白光LED发射的总光子数为2.7×10¹⁸。在理想情况下,注入一个电子-孔穴对产生一个蓝光光子,设荧光粉的量子效率为1,因此,注入的电子-孔穴对数亦等于白光光子数,进而计算出白光LED每辐射1 W的光功率所需的电功率为1.51 W,上述白光LED发光光谱对应的白光LED的电-光转换的理论极限流明效率为197.8 lm/W。     

基于分层远程荧光膜白光LED的制备及光谱性能研究

基于荧光粉分层和远程荧光封装技术,采用热压法制备出双层远程荧光膜,并封装出白光LED。通过荧光分光光度计和可见光光谱分析系统研究了绿色和红色远程荧光膜不同分层顺序及不同发射波长对于白光LED光谱性能的影响。研究发现：蓝-绿-红(B-G-R)膜层封装形式相较于蓝-红-绿(B-R-G)辐射发光效率提高了31.69%,色保真度和色域指数均随着红色远程荧光膜波长的增加而升高,发射波长为660 nm时制备的白光LED色保真度最高值达到91,色域指数最高值达到104,辐射发光效率值则与波长成反比关系;色保真度随着绿色远程荧光膜波长的增加逐渐降低,色域指数则先降低后升高,发射波长为530 nm制备的白光LED具有最高的辐射发光效率,达到300.7 lm·W-1。研究所得出的相关结论对于实际的应用具有一定的参考意义。     

基于脉冲宽度调制的R/G/B/WW 4色发光二极管调光调色方法

提出了一种基于脉冲宽度调制(PWM)的红/绿/蓝/暖白(R/G/B/WW)4色发光二极管(LED)调光调色计算模型。该模型根据二通道和三通道PWM的特点,采用黑体轨迹的Chebyshev方法,确定合成光的色坐标和相关色温(CCT)关系。在优化目标显色性能最佳时,建立了混合光的色坐标与占空比、相关色温与占空比的函数关系,并采用R/G/B/WW 4色LED进行实验验证。结果表明:R/G/B/WW LED模块可实现相关色温在2900~7600K范围的白光调节。当光通量设定为300lm时,相关色温的最大相对误差为0.99%,混合光一般显色指数(CRI)最大相对误差为0.11%;当光通量值在[150,800]范围内变化时,其最大相对误差为2.02%。该模型可应用于4通道LED调光调色,其计算方法简单、调光精度高、硬件易于实现。     

基于远程荧光技术的高显指白光LED的制备和性能研究

针对目前LED灯具在照明方面显色性不足,以及传统LED点胶封装所存在的芯片发热导致荧光粉性能衰减、色温漂移、出光不均匀等问题,采用近年来新兴的远程荧光封装方式。用黄绿色YGG荧光粉和氮化物红色荧光粉,与硅胶制成远程荧光片封装成LED灯具。通过大量实验确定了黄绿粉、红粉与硅胶的最佳比例,制备了不同色温的LED灯具,并选择了色坐标,光效,显色指数,R9,色质指数,色温,全色域指数等参数对灯具进行了测试与分析,为优质LED照明提供了更客观地综合评价。实验结果表明红粉与黄绿粉的最佳比例为1∶7.6,荧光粉总量与硅胶最佳比例为1∶5,此时制成的白光LED灯具的色温为4 113 K,色坐标(x, y)为(0.375 4, 0.373 1),光效为52.33 lm·w-1,色域度为0.981,显色指数高达96,其中R9为97。色质指数Qa值高达93,全色域指数为79。同时相较于传统封装而言,远程荧光封装的荧光板表面温度大大低于点胶封装荧光粉表面温度,可以有效地避免温度过高对LED产生的不良影响。     

Ce∶YAG荧光陶瓷封装白光LED的出光特性分析

利用ASAP光学分析软件,对Ce3+∶YAG荧光陶瓷封装白光LED的出光特性进行了模拟分析。结果表明,当Ce3+∶YAG荧光陶瓷掺杂浓度一定时,随着荧光陶瓷厚度的增加,LED的光效呈现出先增大后减小的趋势,其相关色温值则一直减小直至稳定在低色温,色坐标值将持续增大,在CIE图中移向黄色区域;荧光陶瓷的厚度存在最佳值,使得LED光效达到最大值,且随着荧光陶瓷掺杂浓度的增加,最佳封装厚度减小。随着陶瓷基片封装距离的增加,合成白光的光通量、光效和色坐标均逐渐增加,而色温值则逐渐减小,致使LED发光相对偏暖。     

基于光-电-热-寿命理论的LED寿命预测模型

LED的输出光通量、输入电功率、结温以及寿命之间互相影响、紧密联系。在设计、使用LED时需要综合考虑各个参数才能使LED工作在最佳状态。针对LED提出了光-电-热-寿命理论,该理论揭示了LED的输出光通量、输入电功率、结温以及寿命这4个参数之间的内在联系。使用该理论可以建立LED寿命预测模型,找到LED的输出光通量和寿命之间的关系式,根据该关系式可以预测LED的寿命,评估LED的可靠性。由此可以找到合适的LED工作点,兼顾LED输出光通量和LED寿命,实现LED在全生命周期内输出光通量最大,从而达到优化LED工作状态的目的。     

功率型白光LED的非线性混合调光方法

分析脉冲宽度调制(PWM)双通道输出白光LED的混合调光方法,建立PWM与混合光源输出的光通量和色温之间变化关系的非线性数学模型。基于Zig Bee无线通信模块CC2530作为双路PWM输出,控制以SN3350为核心的LED恒流驱动电源,完成占空比可调的暖白和冷白两路白光LED的色温和光通量混合调光控制系统设计,并通过高精度快速光谱辐射计HAAS-2000测试系统进行测试。实验结果表明,双路PWM能够较好地实现对LED色温和光通量的输出大小进行控制,混合光源相关色温在3 250~15 000 K范围内连续可调。理论计算与系统控制的光通量和色温存在的相对误差分别小于1.70%和8.50%。     

LED广色域投影显示系统实时色域校准的研究

针对LED广色域投影显示系统中色域过大带来颜色失真的问题,在时序工作方式中,采用在一个基色光工作时,同时加入一定比例的其他基色光作为辅助光,将该基色光的色品坐标移到所需位置的色域校准方法。另外,为了避免LED一致性差异和环境温度变化及工作时间对LED主波长和色品坐标造成的影响,提出利用一组XYZ色度传感器实时测量并反馈三基色LED色品坐标的方法。该方法通过对色域校准算法编程实现实时色域校准,达到了正确显示颜色的目的。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.