Left self distributively generated algebras

Abstract

For a Noetherian local ring, the prime ideals in the singular locus completely determine the category of finitely generated modules up to direct summands, extensions and syzygies. From this some simple homological criteria are derived for testing whether an arbitrary module has finite projective dimension.     

Rings whose cyclic modules are lifting and ⊕-supplemented

It is proved that a semiperfect module is lifting if and only if it has a projective cover preserving direct summands. Three corollaries are obtained: (1) every cyclic module over a ring R is lifting if and only if every cyclic R-module has a projective cover preserving direct summands; (2) a ring R is artinian serial with Jacobson radical square-zero if and only if every (2-generated) R-module has a projective cover preserving direct summands; (3) a ring R is a right (semi-)perfect ring if and only if (cyclic) lifting R-module has a projective cover preserving direct summands, if and only if every (cyclic) R-module having a projective cover preserving direct summands is lifting. It is also proved that every cyclic module over a ring R is ⊕-supplemented if and only if every cyclic R-module is a direct sum of local modules. Consequently, a ring R is artinian serial if and only if every left and right R-module is a direct sum of local modules.     

A Generalization of Auslander's Last Theorem

Before his death, Auslander announced that every finitely generated module over a local Gorenstein ring has a minimal Cohen–Macaulay approximation. Yoshimo extended Auslander's result to local Cohen–Macaulay rings admitting a dualizing module.Over a local Gorenstein ring the finitely generated maximal Cohen–Macaulay modules are the finitely generated Gorenstein projective modules so in fact Auslander's theorem says finitely generated modules over such rings have Gorenstein projective covers. We extend Auslander's theorem by proving that over a local Cohen–Macaulay ring admitting a dualizing module all finitely generated modules of finite G-dimension (in Auslander's sense) have a Gorenstein projective cover. Since all finitely generated modules over a Gorenstein ring have finite G-dimension, we recover Auslander's theorem when R is Gorenstein.     

Decompositions of modules lacking zero sums

A module over a semiring lacks zero sums (LZS) if it has the property that v +w = 0 implies v = 0 and w = 0. While modules over a ring never lack zero sums, this property always holds for modules over an idempotent semiring and related semirings, so arises for example in tropical mathematics.A direct sum decomposition theory is developed for direct summands (and complements) of LZS modules: The direct complement is unique, and the decomposition is unique up to refinement. Thus, every finitely generated “strongly projective” module is a finite direct sum of summands of R (assuming the mild assumption that 1 is a finite sum of orthogonal primitive idempotents of R). This leads to an analog of the socle of “upper bound” modules. Some of the results are presented more generally for weak complements and semi-complements. We conclude by examining the obstruction to the “upper bound” property in this context.     

Generalizations of projectivity and supplements revisited for superfluous ideals

We (re)introduce four ideal-related generalizations of classic module-theoretic notions: the ideal-superfluity, projective ideal-covers, the ideal-projectivity, and ideal-supplements. For a superfluous ideal I, the main theorem asserts the equivalence between the conditions: “I-supplements are direct summands in finitely generated projective modules”; “finitely generated I-projective modules are projective”; “projective modules with finitely generated factors modulo I are finitely generated”; “finitely generated flat modules with projective factors modulo I are projective.” Moreover, we provide a property of the ideal I which is sufficient for the equivalence to hold true. The property is expressed in terms of idempotent-lifting in matrix rings.     

Preinjective modules over pure semisimple rings

For a left pure semisimple ring R, it is shown that the local duality establishes a bijection between the preinjective left R-modules and the preprojective right R-modules, and any preinjective left R-module is the source of a left almost split morphism. Moreover, if there are no nonzero homomorphisms from preinjective modules to non-preinjective indecomposable modules in R-mod, the direct sum of all non-preinjective indecomposable direct summands of products of preinjective left R-modules is a finitely generated product-complete module. This generalizes a recent theorem of Angeleri Hügel [L. Angeleri Hügel, A key module over pure-semisimple hereditary rings, J. Algebra 307 (2007) 361-376] for hereditary rings.     

Modules over rings with a power basis

A homological category is constructed and also a functor into it from the category of finitely generated modules over a ring with a power basis such that from an object that corresponds to a module the latter is uniquely determined to within free direct summands, and from a morphism corresponding to a module homomorphism this homomorphism can be uniquely reconstructed to within norms.Translated from Zapiski Nauchnykh Seminarov Leningradskogo Otdeleniya Matematicheskogo Instituta im. V. A. Steklova AN SSSR, Vol. 71, pp. 259–281, 1977.     

An extension of a theorem of Frobenius and Stickelberger to modules of projective dimension one over a factorial domain

Let R be a Cohen–Macaulay ring. A quasi-Gorenstein R-module is an R-module such that the grade of the module and the projective dimension of the module are equal and the canonical module of the module is isomorphic to the module itself. After discussing properties of finitely generated quasi-Gorenstein modules, it is shown that this definition allows for a characterization of diagonal matrices of maximal rank over a Cohen–Macaulay factorial domain R extending a theorem of Frobenius and Stickelberger to modules of projective dimension 1 over a commutative factorial Cohen–Macaulay domain.     

On the number of generators of a projective module

In this article we give a bound on the number of generators of a finitely generated projective module of constant rank over a commutative Noetherian ring in terms of the rank of the module and the dimension of the ring. Under certain conditions we provide an improvement to the Forster–Swan bound in case of finitely generated projective modules of rank n over an affine algebra over a finite field or an algebraically closed field.     

The connes spectrums of certain finite non-abelian groups

In this article, we investigate when every simple module has a projective (pre)envelope. It is proven that (1) every simple right R-module has a projective preenvelope if and only if the left annihilator of every maximal right ideal of R is finitely generated; (2) every simple right R-module has an epic projective envelope if and only if R is a right PS ring; (3) Every simple right R-module has a monic projective preenvelope if and only if R is a right Kasch ring and the left annihilator of every maximal right ideal of R is finitely generated.     

Non-finitely generated projective modules over generalized Weyl algebras

We classify infinitely generated projective modules over generalized Weyl algebras. For instance, we prove that over such algebras every projective module is a direct sum of finitely generated modules.     

Finitely Presented Modules Over Semihereditary Rings

We prove that each almost local-global semihereditary ring R has the stacked bases property and is almost Bézout. More precisely, if M is a finitely presented module, its torsion part tM is a direct sum of cyclic modules where the family of annihilators is an ascending chain of invertible ideals. These ideals are invariants of M. Moreover, M/tM is a projective module which is isomorphic to a direct sum of finitely generated ideals. These ideals allow us to define a finitely generated ideal whose isomorphism class is an invariant of M. The idempotents and the positive integers defined by the rank of M/tM are invariants of M too. It follows that each semihereditary ring of Krull-dimension one or of finite character, in particular each hereditary ring, has the stacked base property. These results were already proved for Prüfer domains by Brewer, Katz, Klinger, Levy, and Ullery. It is also shown that every semihereditary Bézout ring of countable character is an elementary divisor ring.     

Cyclically Presented Modules Over Rings of Finite Type

A ring is of finite type if it has only finitely many maximal right ideals, all two-sided. In this article, we give a complete set of invariants for finite direct sums of cyclically presented modules over a ring R of finite type. More generally, our results apply to finite direct sums of direct summands of cyclically presented right R-modules (DCP modules). Using a duality, we obtain as an application a similar set of invariants for kernels of morphisms between finite direct sums of pair-wise non-isomorphic indecomposable injective modules over an arbitrary ring. This application motivates the study of DCP modules.     

Corings with Decomposition and Semiperfect Corings

We give a characterization, in terms of Galois infinite comatrix corings, of the corings that decompose as a direct sum of left comodules which are finitely generated as left modules. Then we show that the associated rational functor is exact. This is the case of a right semiperfect coring which is locally projective and whose Galois comodule is a projective left unital module with superfluous radical.     

正则环的投射根

研究了正则环上投射根的性质.证明了正则环的投射根左右对称,且模去投射根的正则环只有零投射根.给出了矩阵环及角落环投射根的计算式,并得到了投射根为零的正则环的一些刻画。最后讨论了投射根为零的正则环在各种环运算下的封闭性和正则环的MP-维数.     

A Krull-Schmidt theorem for one-dimensional rings of finite Cohen-Macaulay type

This paper determines when the Krull-Schmidt property holds for all finitely generated modules and for maximal Cohen-Macaulay modules over one-dimensional local rings with finite Cohen-Macaulay type. We classify all maximal Cohen-Macaulay modules over these rings, beginning with the complete rings where the Krull-Schmidt property is known to hold. We are then able to determine when the Krull-Schmidt property holds over the non-complete local rings and when we have the weaker property that any two representations of a maximal Cohen-Macaulay module as a direct sum of indecomposables have the same number of indecomposable summands.     

On the Left Perpendicular Category of the Modules of Finite Projective Dimension

In this article, we characterize several properties of commutative noetherian local rings in terms of the left perpendicular category of the category of finitely generated modules of finite projective dimension. As an application, we prove that a local ring is regular if (and only if) there exists a strong test module for projectivity having finite projective dimension. We also obtain corresponding results with respect to a semidualizing module.     

The permutation class group of a finite group

Analogously to the projective class group, the permutation class group of a finite group π can be defined as the group of equivalence classes of direct summands of integral permutation modules modulo permutation modules. It is shown that this group behaves nicely with respect to localization and completion, which then is used to prove that contrary to the projective class group - it is not always a torsion group. More precisely, the rank of the permutation class of group is computed.     

Structure of modules with invariant forms

It is proved that an Artinian Noetherian module over a ring with involution on which there is defined a nondegenerate antisymmetric invariant bilinear form decomposes into a direct sum of pairwise orthogonal summands, each of which is either indecomposable or a direct sum of two indecomposable modules. This theorem had been previously proved for such modules with unique division by 2.Translated from Zapiski Nauchnykh Seminarov Leningradskogo Otdeleniya Matematicheskogo Instituta im. V. A. Steklova AN SSSR, Vol. 114, pp. 28–31, 1982.