A Finite Separating Set for Daigle and Freudenburg's Counterexample to Hilbert's Fourteenth Problem

This article gives the first explicit example of a finite separating set in an invariant ring which is not finitely generated, namely, for Daigle and Freudenburg's 5-dimensional counterexample to Hilbert's Fourteenth Problem.     

Hilbert's Grand Hotel with a series twist

This paper presents a new twist on a familiar paradox, linking seemingly disparate ideas under one roof. Hilbert's Grand Hotel, a paradox which addresses infinite set comparisons is adapted and extended to incorporate ideas from calculus – namely infinite series. We present and resolve several variations, and invite the reader to explore his or her own variations.     

Hopf Galois扩张与Hopf模结构定理

设Ｈ是域ｋ上任意的Ｈｏｐｆ代数。本文首先讨论了右Ｈ＿扩张Ａ／Ａ￣（ｃｏＨ）与Ｈｏｐｆ模范畴，给出了Ａ／Ａ￣（ｃｏＨ）为右Ｈ－Ｇａｌｏｉｓ扩张的充分必要条件和Ｈｏｐｆ模范畴满足结构定理的若干等价条件．然后我们讨论了不可约作用与除环的Ｇａｌｏｉｓ扩张．     

H-separable Hopf Galois Extensions and Azumaya Algebra

1 IntroductionLet A/R be a ring extension with the common identity 1. A/R is said to be separable if theA-bimodule homomorphism of A @R A onto A defined by a @ 5-a6 splits. A separableextension over a non-commutative ring generalizes that over a commutative ring which wasdiscussed in [1]. Hirata introduced anOther kind of separable extensions called H-separabeones (see [2]). A/R is said to be H-separable if A @R A is isomorphic as an A-bimoduleto a direct sumrnand of A". riom {2, Theor…     

Cohen-Fischman-Westreich's Double Centralizer Theorem for Almost-triangular Hopf Algebras

In this paper, the authors study the Cohen-Fischman-Westreich''s double centralizer theorem for triangular Hopf algebras in the setting of almost-triangular Hopf algebras.     

On Engel's Theorem for Leibniz Algebras

Engel's Theorem has been generalised to Leibniz algebras by Ayupov and Omirov, and in a stronger form by Patsourakos. I give a simpler proof of their results.     

Extensions of the Cauchy-Goursat Integral Theorem

It is natural to conjecture that if a function f is continuous on the closed region determined by a rectifiable 1-cycle Γ and complex-differentiable on the open region then Γ_∫f=0. The main result is an extension of the classical Cauchy-Goursat Theorem: the equality conjectured holds (with no boundary condition on f^′) under the additional hypothesis that the winding numbers of Γ define an Lp function and f satisfies a matching Hölder continuity condition near the image of Γ. (In particular, continuity suffices if p=∞.) The proof uses approximations of a rectifiable path by piecewise linear paths.     

Morita Contexts and Partial Group Galois Extensions for Hopf Group Coalgebras

We first introduce the notion of partial group twisted smash product and construct a Morita context for partial coaction of co-Frobenius Hopf group coalgebra relating generalized partial group smash product and partial coinvariants. Furthermore, we study group-Galois extensions and reobtain some classical results in the partial case. Finally, we prove that any partial group Galois extension induces a unique partial group entwining map compatible with the partial right coaction.     

Difference Equations and Lettenmeyer's Theorem

Many classical results for ordinary differential equations have counterparts in the theory of difference equations, although, in general, the technical details for the difference versions are more involved than the corresponding ones for differential equations. This note surveys material related to a difference analogue of Lettenmeyer's theorem. The projection method of Harris et al. , developed to treat certain questions in the analytic theory of ordinary differential equations is used to obtain counterparts for linear difference equations as well as extensions to certain nonlinear differential and difference equations.     

Galois Extensions of Boolean Algebras

We characterize Galois extensions of Boolean algebras as finite extensions with the independent set of generators, answering a question of D. Monk.     

Galois Theory for Multiplier Hopf Algebras with Integrals

In this paper, we introduce a generalized Hopf Galois theory for regular multiplier Hopf algebras with integrals, which might be viewed as a generalization of the Hopf Galois theory of finite-dimensional Hopf algebras. We introduce the notion of a coaction of a multiplier Hopf algebra on an algebra. We show that there is a duality for actions and coactions of multiplier Hopf algebras with integrals. In order to study the Galois (co)action of a multiplier Hopf algebra with an integral, we construct a Morita context connecting the smash product and the coinvariants. A Galois (co)action can be characterized by certain surjectivity of a canonical map in the Morita context. Finally, we apply the Morita theory to obtain the duality theorems for actions and coactions of a co-Frobenius Hopf algebra.     

Hopf–Galois Extensions with Central Invariants and Their Geometric Properties

We set up a general framework to study representation theory of certain algebras whichusually appear in the study of restricted Lie algebras or various quantum objects at roots of unity.The object of the study is a Hopf–Galois extension with central invariants. It turns out that theseextensions possess some geometric properties which are close to those of principal bundles andFrobenius manifolds. We define Hopf–Galois extensions of not necessarily affine schemes andprove that the classification problem of such extensions leads to a stack.     

关于罗尔定理的进一步讨论

对罗尔定理进行深入系统的探讨和研究.给出在更弱条件下的各种区间类型(包括有限区间和无限区间)的罗尔定理的推广形式.     

Additive Hilbert's Theorem 90 in the ring of algebraic integers

For a number field K, we give a complete characterization of algebraic numbers which can be expressed by a difference of two K-conjugate algebraic integers. These turn out to be the algebraic integers whose Galois group contains an element, acting as a cycle on some collection of conjugates which sum to zero. Hence there are no algebraic integers which can be written as a difference of two conjugate algebraic numbers but cannot be written as a difference of two conjugate algebraic integers. A generalization of the construction to a commutative ring is also given. Furthermore, we show that for n ?_ 3 there exist algebraic integers which can be written as a linear form in n K-conjugate algebraic numbers but cannot be written by the same linear form in K-conjugate algebraic integers.     

Undecidable and decidable restrictions of Hilbert's Tenth Problem: images of polynomials vs. images of exponential functions

Classical results of additive number theory lead to the undecidability of the existence of solutions for diophantine equations in given special sets of integers. Those sets which are images of polynomials are covered by a more general result in the second section. In contrast, restricting diophantine equations to images of exponential functions with natural bases leads to decidable problems, as proved in the third section. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Galois Extensions for Coquasi-Hopf Algebras

In this article, we consider categories of all semimodules over semirings which are p-Schreier varieties, i.e., varieties whose projective algebras are all free. Among other results, we show that over a division semiring R all semimodules are projective iff R is a division ring, prove that categories of all semimodules over proper additively π-regular semirings are not p-Schreier varieties (in particular, this result solves Problem 1 of Katsov [8 Katsov , Y. ( 2004 ). Toward homological characterization of semirings: Serre's conjecture and Bass's perfectness in a semiring context . Algebra Universalis 52 : 197 – 214 .[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]]), as well as prove that categories of all semimodules over cancellative division semirings are, in contrast, p-Schreier varieties.     

A Proof of Sharkovsky's Theorem

This paper presents a variation on the standard directed graph proof. This variation makes use of the natural representation of the symmetric group given by one-dimensional maps.