On Primitive and Realisable Classes

Let S be a scheme, and let G be a finite, flat, commutative group scheme over S. In this paper we show that (subject to a mild technical assumption) every primitive class in Pic(G) is realisable. This gives an affirmative answer to a question of Waterhouse. We also discuss applications to locally free classgroups and to Selmer groups of Abelian varieties.     

Gorenstein Projective,Injective, and Flat Complexes

Abstract

We study the classification of those finite groups G having a non-inner class preserving automorphism. Criteria for these automorphisms to be inner are established. Let G be a nilpotent-by-nilpotent group and S?∈?Sy l ₂(G). If S is abelian, generalized quaternion or S is dihedral, and in this case G is also metabelian, then Out _c (G)?=?1. If S is generalized quaternion, 𝒵(S)???𝒵(G) and S ₄ is not a homomorphic image of G, then Out _c (G)?=?1. As a consequence, it follows that the normalizer problem of group rings has a positive answer for these groups.     

A characterization of finite simple groups by the orders of solvable subgroups

Let G be a finite group and S be a finite simple group. In this paper, we prove that if G and S have the same sets of all orders of solvable subgroups, then G is isomorphic to S, or G and S are isomorphic to Bn(q), Cn(q), where n≥3 and q is odd. This gives a positive answer to the problem put forward by Abe and Iiyori.     

On Discrete Zariski-Dense Subgroups of Algebraic Groups

We investigate under which conditions an algebraic group G defined over a locally compact field k admitr a subgroup Γ? G(k) which is dense in the Zariski topology, but discerte in the topology induced by the locally compact topology on k. For non—solvable groups we provide a complete answer.     

The Ruziewicz problem and distributing points on homogeneous spaces of a compact Lie group

LetG be any compact non-commutative simple Lie group not locally isomorphic to SO(3). We present a generalization of a theorem of Lubotzky, Phillips and Sarnak on distributing points on the sphere S² (or S³) to any homogeneous space ofG, in particular, to all higher dimensional spheres. Our results can also be viewed as a quantitative solution to the generalized Ruziewicz problem for any homogeneous space ofG. Partially supported by DMS-0070544 and DMS-0333397.     

Nahm's equations, configuration spaces and flag manifolds

We give a positive answer to the Berry-Robbins problem for any compact Lie group G, i.e. we show the existence of a smooth W-equivariant map from the space of regular triples in a Cartan subalgebra to the flag manifold G/T . This map is constructed via solutions to Nahm's equations and it is compatible with the S O(3) action, where S O(3) acts on G/T via a regular homomorphism from S U(2) to G. We then generalize this picture to include an arbitrary homomorphism from S U(2) to G. This leads to an interesting geometrical picture which appears to be related to the Springer representation of the Weyl group and the work of Kazhdan and Lusztig on representations of Hecke algebras. Received: 8 February 2002     

Uniformization of conformal involutions on stable Riemann surfaces

Let S be a closed Riemann surface of genus g. It is well known that there are Schottky groups producing uniformizations of S (Retrosection Theorem). Moreover, if τ: S → S is a conformal involution, it is also known that there is a Kleinian group K containing, as an index two subgroup, a Schottky group G that uniformizes S and so that K/G induces the cyclic group 〈τ〉. Let us now assume S is a stable Riemann surface and τ: S → S is a conformal involution. Again, it is known that S can be uniformized by a suitable noded Schottky group, but it is not known whether or not there is a Kleinian group K, containing a noded Schottky group G of index two, so that G uniformizes S and K/G induces 〈τ〉. In this paper we discuss this existence problem and provide some partial answers: (1) a complete positive answer for genus g ≤ 2 and for the case that S/〈τ〉 is of genus zero; (2) the existence of a Kleinian group K uniformizing the quotient stable Riemann orbifold S/〈τ〉. Applications to handlebodies with orientation-preserving involutions are also provided.     

A complex semigroup approach to group algebras of infinite dimensional Lie groups

A host algebra of a topological group G is a C ^*-algebra whose representations are in one-to-one correspondence with certain continuous unitary representations of G. In this paper we present an approach to host algebras for infinite dimensional Lie groups which is based on complex involutive semigroups. Any locally bounded absolute value α on such a semigroup S leads in a natural way to a C ^*-algebra C ^*(S,α), and we describe a setting which permits us to conclude that this C ^*-algebra is a host algebra for a Lie group G. We further explain how to attach to any such host algebra an invariant weak-*-closed convex set in the dual of the Lie algebra of G enjoying certain nice convex geometric properties. If G is the additive group of a locally convex space, we describe all host algebras arising this way. The general non-commutative case is left for the future. To K.H. Hofmann on the occasion of his 75th birthday     

Some New Results on the Chu Duality of Discrete Groups

This paper deals mainly with the Chu duality of discrete groups. Among other results, we give sufficient conditions for an FC group to satisfy Chu duality and characterize when the Chu quasi-dual and the Takahashi quasi-dual of a group G coincide. As a consequence, it follows that when G is a weak sum of a family of finite simple groups, if the exponent of the groups in the family is bounded then G satisfies Chu duality; on the other hand, if the exponent of the group goes to infinity, then the Chu quasi-dual of G coincides with its Takahashi quasi-dual. We also present examples of discrete groups whose Chu quasi-duals are not locally compact and examples of discrete Chu reflexive groups which contain non-trivial sequences converging in the Bohr topology of the groups. Our results systematize some previous work and answer some open questions on the subject [2, 16, 3].     

Nonsolvable Groups All of Whose Character Degrees are Odd-Square-Free

A finite group G is odd-square-free if no irreducible complex character of G has degree divisible by the square of an odd prime. We determine all odd-square-free groups G satisfying S ≤ G ≤ Aut(S) for a finite simple group S. More generally, we show that if G is any nonsolvable odd-square-free group, then G has at most two nonabelian chief factors and these must be simple odd-square-free groups. If the alternating group A ₇ is involved in G, the structure of G can be further restricted.     

A Note on Degree Conditions for Traceability in Locally Claw-Free Graphs

We say that a set S of vertices is traceable in a graph G whenever there is a path in G containing all vertices of S. In this paper we study the problem of traceability of a prescribed set of vertices in a locally claw-free graph (i.e. a graph in which some specified vertices are not centers of an induced claw). In particular we give sufficient degree conditions restricted to the given set S of vertices for the traceability of S.     

Maximal Crossed Product Orders Over Discrete Valuation Rings

The problem of determining when a (classical) crossed product T = S ^f ?G of a finite group G over a discrete valuation ring S is a maximal order, was answered in the 1960s for the case where S is tamely ramified over the subring of invariants S ^G . The answer was given in terms of the conductor subgroup (with respect to f) of the inertia. In this article we solve this problem in general when S/S ^G is residually separable. We show that the maximal order property entails a restrictive structure on the subcrossed product graded by the inertia subgroup. In particular, the inertia is abelian. Using this structure, one is able to extend the notion of the conductor. As in the tame case, the order of the conductor is equal to the number of maximal two-sided ideals of T and hence to the number of maximal orders containing T in its quotient ring. Consequently, T is a maximal order if and only if the conductor subgroup is trivial.     

Tilings of Decomposable Groups

We study a problem formulated by A. M. Vershik and related to several questions in orbit theory of tilings of finitely generated groups. Let G be decomposed into a free product of two nontrivial groups. Then for any finite subset S of the group G there exists a finite subset P of the group G, PS, such that G is covered by disjoint left translations of the set P. Bibliography: 2 titles.     

Monochrome symmetric subsets of colored groups

In (Electron. J. Combin. 10 (2003); http://www.combinatorics.org/volume-10/Abstracts/v1oi1r28.html), the first author (Yuliya Gryshko) asked three questions. Is it true that every infinite group admitting a 2-coloring without infinite monochromatic symmetric subsets is either almost cyclic (i.e., have a finite index subgroup which is cyclic infinite) or countable locally finite? Does every infinite group G include a monochromatic symmetric subset of any cardinal <|G| for any finite coloring? Does every uncountable group G such that |B(G)|< |G| where B(G)={xG:x²=1}, admit a 2-coloring without monochromatic symmetric subsets of cardinality |G|? We answer the first question positively. Assuming the generalized continuum hypothesis (GCH), we give a positive answer to the second question in the abelian case. Finally, we build a counter-example for the third question and we give a necessary and sufficient condition for an infinite group G to admit 2-coloring without monochromatic symmetric subsets of cardinality |G|. This generalizes some results of Protasov on infinite abelian groups (Mat. Zametki 59 (1996) 468–471; Dopovidi NAN Ukrain 1 (1999) 54–57).     

On locally primitive Cayley graphs of finite simple groups

In this paper we investigate locally primitive Cayley graphs of finite nonabelian simple groups. First, we prove that, for any valency d for which the Weiss conjecture holds (for example, d?20 or d is a prime number by Conder, Li and Praeger (2000) [1]), there exists a finite list of groups such that if G is a finite nonabelian simple group not in this list, then every locally primitive Cayley graph of valency d on G is normal. Next we construct an infinite family of p-valent non-normal locally primitive Cayley graph of the alternating group for all prime p?5. Finally, we consider locally primitive Cayley graphs of finite simple groups with valency 5 and determine all possible candidates of finite nonabelian simple groups G such that the Cayley graph Cay(G,S) might be non-normal.     

Locally finite groups with all subgroups either subnormal or nilpotent-by-Chernikov

Let G be a locally finite group satisfying the condition given in the title and suppose that G is not nilpotent-by-Chernikov. It is shown that G has a section S that is not nilpotent-by-Chernikov, where S is either a p-group or a semi-direct product of the additive group A of a locally finite field F by a subgroup K of the multiplicative group of F, where K acts by multiplication on A and generates F as a ring. Non-(nilpotent-by-Chernikov) extensions of this latter kind exist and are described in detail.     

Some New Results on the Chu Duality of Discrete Groups

This paper deals mainly with the Chu duality of discrete groups. Among other results, we give sufficient conditions for an FC group to satisfy Chu duality and characterize when the Chu quasi-dual and the Takahashi quasi-dual of a group G coincide. As a consequence, it follows that when G is a weak sum of a family of finite simple groups, if the exponent of the groups in the family is bounded then G satisfies Chu duality; on the other hand, if the exponent of the group goes to infinity, then the Chu quasi-dual of G coincides with its Takahashi quasi-dual. We also present examples of discrete groups whose Chu quasi-duals are not locally compact and examples of discrete Chu reflexive groups which contain non-trivial sequences converging in the Bohr topology of the groups. Our results systematize some previous work and answer some open questions on the subject [2, 16, 3]. The first named author acknowledges partial financial support by the Spanish Ministry of Science (including FEDER funds), grant MTM2004-07665-C02-01; and the Generalitat Valenciana, grant GV04B-019.     

Group ramsey theory

A subset S of a group G is said to be a sum-free set if $\text{S ∩ (S + S) = ?}$. Such a set is maximal if for every sum-free set T ? G, we have |T| ? |S|. Here, we generalize this concept, defining a sum-free set S to be locally maximal if for every sum free set T such that S ? T ? G, we have S = T. Properties of locally maximal sum-free sets are studied and the sets are determined (up to isomorphism) for groups of small order.     

On the “three-space” problem for locally quasi-convex topological groups

We study, in the context of abelian topological groups, the "three-space" problem for the property of being locally quasi-convex, after a paper of M. Bruguera. Our main contributions are: establishing a 3-lemma suitable to work with topological groups (which allows to translate the basic elements of homological algebra to the category of topological groups) and obtaining the analogue, for topological groups, of Dierolf's result in topological vector spaces:¶Theorem. Given two abelian locally quasi-convex groups H and G there exists a non-locally-quasi-convex extension of H and G if and only if there exists a non-locally-quasi-convex extension of S (the circle group) and G.