Torsion Pairs in Stable Categories

Let 𝒞 be a triangulated category. When ω is a functorially finite subcategory of 𝒞, Jøtrgensen showed that the stable category 𝒞/ω is a pretriangulated category. A pair (𝒳, 𝒴) of subcategories of 𝒞 with ω ? 𝒳 ∩ 𝒴 gives rise to a pair (𝒳/ω, 𝒴/ω) of subcategories of 𝒞/ω. In this article, we find conditions for (𝒳/ω, 𝒴/ω) to be a torsion pair in terms of properties of the pair (𝒳, 𝒴). In particular, we obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for (𝒳/ω, 𝒴/ω) to be a torsion pair in the stable category 𝒞/ω when τω = ω, where τ is the Auslander–Reiten translation.     

Completely 𝒲-Resolved Complexes

Let R be a ring and 𝒲 a self-orthogonal class of left R-modules which is closed under finite direct sums and direct summands. A complex C of left R-modules is called a 𝒲-complex if it is exact with each cycle Z ⁿ (C) ∈ 𝒲. The class of such complexes is denoted by 𝒞_𝒲. A complex C is called completely 𝒲-resolved if there exists an exact sequence of complexes D _· = … → D _?1 → D ₀ → D ₁ → … with each term D _i in 𝒞_𝒲 such that C = ker(D ₀ → D ₁) and D _· is both Hom(𝒞_𝒲, ?) and Hom(?, 𝒞_𝒲) exact. In this article, we show that C = … → C ^?1 → C ⁰ → C ¹ → … is a completely 𝒲-resolved complex if and only if C ⁿ is a completely 𝒲-resolved module for all n ∈ ?. Some known results are obtained as corollaries.     

Lie Bialgebras of Generalized WITT Type,II

In an article by Michaelis, a class of infinite-dimensional Lie bialgebras containing the Virasoro algebra was presented. This type of Lie bialgebras was classified by Ng and Taft. In a recent article by Song and Su, Lie bialgebra structures on graded Lie algebras of generalized Witt type with finite dimensional homogeneous components were considered. In this article we consider Lie bialgebra structures on the graded Lie algebras of generalized Witt type with infinite dimensional homogeneous components. By proving that the first cohomology group H¹(𝒲, 𝒲 ? 𝒲) is trivial for any graded Lie algebras 𝒲 of generalized Witt type with infinite dimensional homogeneous components, we obtain that all such Lie bialgebras are triangular coboundary.     

Mutation Pairs in Abelian Categories

A notion of mutation pairs of subcategories in an abelian category is defined in this article. For an extension closed subcategory 𝒵 and a rigid subcategory 𝒟 ? 𝒵, the subfactor category 𝒵/[𝒟] is also a triangulated category whenever (𝒵, 𝒵) forms a 𝒟-mutation pair. Moreover, if 𝒟 and 𝒵 satisfy certain conditions in modΛ, the category of finitely generated Λ-modules over an artin algebra Λ, the triangulated category 𝒵/[𝒟] has a Serre functor.     

Nonfinitely Based Varieties of Right Alternative Metabelian Algebras

Since 1976, it is known from the paper by V. P. Belkin that the variety RA₂ of right alternative metabelian (solvable of index 2) algebras over an arbitrary field is not Spechtian (contains nonfinitely based subvarieties). In 2005, S. V. Pchelintsev proved that the variety generated by the Grassmann RA₂-algebra of finite rank r over a field ?, for char(?) ≠ 2, is Spechtian iff r = 1. We construct a nonfinitely based variety 𝔐 generated by the Grassmann 𝒱-algebra of rank 2 of certain finitely based subvariety 𝒱 ? RA₂ over a field ?, for char(?) ≠ 2, 3, such that 𝔐 can also be generated by the Grassmann envelope of a five-dimensional superalgebra with one-dimensional even part.     

Weighted Composition Operators Between Weighted Bloch Type Spaces and Weighted Banach Spaces of Holomorphic Functions

Let φ: 𝔻 → 𝔻 and ψ: 𝔻 → ? be analytic maps. They induce a weighted composition operator ψ C _φ acting between weighted Bloch type spaces and weighted Banach spaces of holomorphic functions. Under some assumptions on the weights, we give a necessary as well as a sufficient condition when such an operator is bounded resp. compact.     

Subfactor Categories of Triangulated Categories

Let 𝒳 ? 𝒜 be subcategories of a triangulated category 𝒯, and 𝒳 a functorially finite subcategory of 𝒜. If 𝒜 has the properties that any 𝒳-monomorphism of 𝒜 has a cone and any 𝒳-epimorphism has a cocone, then the subfactor category 𝒜/[𝒳] forms a pretriangulated category in the sense of [4 Beligiannis , A. , Reiten , I. ( 2007 ). Homological and Homotopical Aspects of Torsion Theories . Memoirs of the AMS 883 : 426 – 454 . [Google Scholar]]. Moreover, the above pretriangulated category 𝒜/[𝒳] with 𝒯(𝒳, 𝒳[1]) = 0 becomes a triangulated category if and only if (𝒜, 𝒜) forms an 𝒳-mutation pair and 𝒜 is closed under extensions.     

Radford's Formula for Bifrobenius Algebras and Applications

In a biFrobenius algebra H, in particular in the case that H is a finite dimensional Hopf algebra, the antipode 𝒮:H → H can be decomposed as 𝒮 = _tc ○ c_φ where c_φ:H → H* and _tc:H* → H are the Frobenius and coFrobenius isomorphisms. We use this decomposition to present an easy proof of Radford's formula for 𝒮⁴. Then, in the case that the map 𝒮 satisfies the additional condition that 𝒮  id = id  𝒮 = u ?, we prove the trace formula tr(𝒮²) = ?(t)φ(1). We finish by applying the above results to study the semisimplicity and cosemisimplicity of H.     

Idempotent Generation in the Endomorphism Monoid of a Uniform Partition

Denote by 𝒯_n and 𝒮_n the full transformation semigroup and the symmetric group on the set {1,…, n}, and ?_n = {1} ∪ (𝒯_n?𝒮_n). Let 𝒯(X, 𝒫) denote the monoid of all transformations of the finite set X preserving a uniform partition 𝒫 of X into m subsets of size n, where m, n ≥ 2. We enumerate the idempotents of 𝒯(X, 𝒫), and describe the submonoid S = ? E ? generated by the idempotents E = E(𝒯(X, 𝒫)). We show that S = S₁ ∪ S₂, where S₁ is a direct product of m copies of ?_n, and S₂ is a wreath product of 𝒯_n with 𝒯_m?𝒮_m. We calculate the rank and idempotent rank of S, showing that these are equal, and we also classify and enumerate all the idempotent generating sets of minimal size. In doing so, we also obtain new results about arbitrary idempotent generating sets of ?_n.     

Best Approximation in Numerical Radius

Let X be a reflexive Banach space. In this article, we give a necessary and sufficient condition for an operator T ∈ 𝒦(X) to have the best approximation in numerical radius from the convex subset 𝒰 ? 𝒦(X), where 𝒦(X) denotes the set of all linear, compact operators from X into X. We also present an application to minimal extensions with respect to the numerical radius. In particular, some results on best approximation in norm are generalized to the case of the numerical radius.     

Toric Rings Arising from Cyclic Polytopes

Let d and n be positive integers with n ≥ d + 1 and 𝒫 ? ? ^d an integral cyclic polytope of dimension d with n vertices, and let K[𝒫] = K[?_≥0𝒜_𝒫] denote its associated semigroup K-algebra, where 𝒜_𝒫 = {(1, α) ∈ ? ^d+1: α ∈ 𝒫} ∩ ? ^d+1 and K is a field. In the present paper, we consider the problem when K[𝒫] is Cohen–Macaulay by discussing Serre's condition (R ₁), and we give a complete characterization when K[𝒫] is Gorenstein. Moreover, we study the normality of the other semigroup K-algebra K[Q] arising from an integral cyclic polytope, where Q is a semigroup generated by its vertices only.     

On 𝔬𝔰𝔭(1 | 2)-Relative Cohomology on S 1|1

We compute the second 𝔬𝔰𝔭(1 | 2) ?relative cohomology space of 𝒦(1) with coefficients in the module of λ-densities 𝔉_λ on S ^1|1. This result allows us to compute the second 𝔬𝔰𝔭(1 | 2) ?relative cohomology space of 𝒦(1) with coefficients in the Poisson superalgebra 𝒮𝒫. We explicitly give 2-cocycles spanning these cohomology spaces.     

Higher Secant Varieties of ℙ n × ℙ1 Embedded in Bi-Degree (a,b)

In this article, we compute the dimension of all the higher secant varieties to the Segre–Veronese embedding of ? ⁿ × ?¹ via the section of the sheaf 𝒪(a, b) for any n, a, b ∈ ?⁺. We relate this result to the Grassmann Defectivity of Veronese varieties and we classify all the Grassmann (1, s ? 1)-defective Veronese varieties.     

Nonlinear Strong Commutativity Preserving Maps on Prime Rings

Let 𝒜 be a unital prime ring containing a nontrivial idempotent P. Assume that Φ: 𝒜 → 𝒜 is a nonlinear surjective map. It is shown that Φ preserves strong commutativity if and only if Φ has the form Φ(A) = αA + f(A) for all A ∈ 𝒜, where α ∈ {1, ?1} and f is a map from 𝒜 into 𝒵(𝒜). As an application, a characterization of nonlinear surjective strong commutativity preserving maps on factor von Neumann algebras is obtained.     

Weak Cayley Table Groups II: Alternating Groups and Finite Coxeter Groups

A weak Cayley table isomorphism is a bijection φ: G → H of groups such that φ(xy) ～ φ(x)φ(y) for all x, y ∈ G. Here ～denotes conjugacy. When G = H the set of all weak Cayley table isomorphisms φ: G → G forms a group 𝒲(G) that contains the automorphism group Aut(G) and the inverse map I: G → G, x → x ^?1. Let 𝒲₀(G) = ?Aut(G), I? ≤ 𝒲(G) and say that G has trivial weak Cayley table group if 𝒲(G) = 𝒲₀(G). We show that all finite irreducible Coxeter groups (except possibly E ₈) have trivial weak Cayley table group, as well as most alternating groups. We also consider some sporadic simple groups.     

Rings Over which the Krull Dimension and the Noetherian Dimension of All Modules Coincide

We denote by 𝒜(R) the class of all Artinian R-modules and by 𝒩(R) the class of all Noetherian R-modules. It is shown that 𝒜(R) ? 𝒩(R) (𝒩(R) ? 𝒜(R)) if and only if 𝒜(R/P) ? 𝒩(R/P) (𝒩(R/P) ? 𝒜(R/P)), for all centrally prime ideals P (i.e., ab ∈ P, a or b in the center of R, then a ∈ P or b ∈ P). Equivalently, if and only if 𝒜(R/P) ? 𝒩(R/P) (𝒩(R/P) ? 𝒜(R/P)) for all normal prime ideals P of R (i.e., ab ∈ P, a, b normalize R, then a ∈ P or b ∈ P). We observe that finitely embedded modules and Artinian modules coincide over Noetherian duo rings. Consequently, 𝒜(R) ? 𝒩(R) implies that 𝒩(R) = 𝒜(R), where R is a duo ring. For a ring R, we prove that 𝒩(R) = 𝒜(R) if and only if the coincidence in the title occurs. Finally, if Q is the quotient field of a discrete valuation domain R, it is shown that Q is the only R-module which is both α-atomic and β-critical for some ordinals α,β ≥ 1 and in fact α = β = 1.     

EXAMPLES OF FCR-ALGEBRAS

Abstract

Let R be a prime ring and 𝒰(R) its group of units. We prove that if 𝒰(R) satisfies a group identity and 𝒰(R) generates R,then either R is a domain or R is isomorphic to the algebra of n × n matrices over a finite field of order d. Moreover the integers n and d depend only on the group identity satisfed by 𝒰(R). This result has been recently proved by C. H. Liu and T. K. Lee (Liu,C. H.; Lee,T. K. Group identities and prime rings generated by units. Comm. Algebra (to appear)) and here we present a new different proof.     

Generalizations of Groups in which Normality Is Transitive

A group G is called a Hall_𝒳-group if G possesses a nilpotent normal subgroup N such that G/N′ is an 𝒳-group. A group G is called an 𝒳_o-group if G/Φ(G) is an 𝒳-group. The aim of this article is to study finite solvable Hall_𝒳-groups and 𝒳_o-groups for the classes of groups 𝒯, 𝒫𝒯, and 𝒫𝒮𝒯. Here 𝒯, 𝒫𝒯, and 𝒫𝒮𝒯 denote, respectively, the classes of groups in which normality, permutability, and Sylow-permutability are transitive relations. Finite solvable 𝒯-groups, 𝒫𝒯-groups, and 𝒫𝒮𝒯-groups were globally characterized, respectively, in Gaschütz (1957 Gaschütz , W. ( 1957 ). Gruppen, in denen das normalteilersein transitiv ist . J. Reine Angew. Math. 198 : 87 – 92 .[Crossref] , [Google Scholar]), Zacher (1964 Zacher , G. ( 1964 ). I gruppi risolubili finiti in cui i sottogruppi di composizione coincidono con i sottogruppi quasi-normali . Atti Accad. Naz. Lincei Rend. Cl. Sci. Fis. Mat. Natur. (8) 37 : 150 – 154 . [Google Scholar]), and Agrawal (1975 Agrawal , R. K. ( 1975 ). Finite groups whose subnormal subgroups permute with all Sylow subgroups . Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 47 : 77 – 83 .[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]). Here we arrive at similar characterizations for finite solvable Hall_𝒳-groups and 𝒳_o-groups where 𝒳 ∈ {𝒯, 𝒫𝒯, 𝒫𝒮𝒯}. A key result aiding in the characterization of these groups is their possession of a nilpotent residual which is a nilpotent Hall subgroup of odd order. The main result arrived at is Hall_𝒫𝒮𝒯 = 𝒯_o for finite solvable groups.