On Polarized Surfaces (X, L) with h0(L) > 0, κ(X) ≥ 0 and g(L) = q(X) + 1

Let (X,L) be a polarized surface. If h⁰(L)>0, then g(L) q(X). In our previous papers, we classified polarized surfaces (X,L) with g(L)=q(X) and h⁰(L)>0. In this paper, we classify polarized surfaces (X,L) with g(L)=q(X)+1, h⁰(L)>0, and (X) 0.     

Schur positivity and the <Emphasis Type="Italic">q</Emphasis>-log-convexity of the Narayana polynomials

We prove two recent conjectures of Liu and Wang by establishing the strong q-log-convexity of the Narayana polynomials, and showing that the Narayana transformation preserves log-convexity. We begin with a formula of Brändén expressing the q-Narayana numbers as a specialization of Schur functions and, by deriving several symmetric function identities, we obtain the necessary Schur-positivity results. In addition, we prove the strong q-log-concavity of the q-Narayana numbers. The q-log-concavity of the q-Narayana numbers N _q (n,k) for fixed k is a special case of a conjecture of McNamara and Sagan on the infinite q-log-concavity of the Gaussian coefficients.     

The size of the set of <Emphasis Type="Italic">μ</Emphasis>-irregular points of a measure <Emphasis Type="Italic">μ</Emphasis>

Let μ be a compactly suppported positive measure on the real line. A point x∈supp?[μ] is said to be μ-regular, if, as n→∞,

$\sup_{\deg\, (P) \le n}\left(\frac{|P(x)|}{{\|P\|}_{L_{2}(d\mu)}}\right )^{1/n}\to1.$

Otherwise it is a μ-irregular point. We show that for any such measure, the set of μ-irregular points in {μ′>0} (with a suitable definition of this set) has Hausdorff \(m_{h_{\beta}}\) measure 0, for \(h_{\beta}(t) =\left(\log \frac{1}{t}\right)^{-\beta}\), any β>1.

     

On the Equicontinuity Region of Discrete Subgroups of <Emphasis Type="Italic">PU</Emphasis>(1,<Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis>)

Let G be a discrete subgroup of PU(1,n). Then G acts on ℙ_ℂ ⁿ preserving the unit ball ℍ_ℂ ⁿ , where it acts by isometries with respect to the Bergman metric. In this work we look at its action on all of ℙ_ℂ ⁿ and determine its equicontinuity region Eq(G). This turns out to be the complement of the union of all complex projective hyperplanes in ℙ_ℂ ⁿ which are tangent to ∂ℍ_ℂ ⁿ at points in the Chen-Greenberg limit set Λ(G), a closed G-invariant subset of ∂ℍ_ℂ ⁿ which is minimal for non-elementary groups. We also prove that the action on Eq(G) is discontinuous. Also , if the limit set is “sufficiently general” (i.e. it is not contained in any proper k -chain), then each connected component of Eq(G) is a holomorphy domain and it is a complete Kobayashi hyperbolic space.     

The supersingular locus of the Shimura variety of GU(1,<Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis>−1) II

We complete the study of the supersingular locus M^ss\mathcal{M}^{\mathrm{ss}} in the fiber at p of a Shimura variety attached to a unitary similitude group GU(1,n−1) over ℚ in the case that p is inert. This was started by the first author in Can. J. Math. 62, 668–720 (2010) where complete results were obtained for n=2,3. The supersingular locus M^ss\mathcal{M}^{\mathrm{ss}} is uniformized by a formal scheme N\mathcal{N} which is a moduli space of so-called unitary p-divisible groups. It depends on the choice of a unitary isocrystal N. We define a stratification of N\mathcal{N} indexed by vertices of the Bruhat-Tits building attached to the reductive group of automorphisms of N. We show that the combinatorial behavior of this stratification is given by the simplicial structure of the building. The closures of the strata (and in particular the irreducible components of N_red\mathcal{N}_{\mathrm{red}}) are identified with (generalized) Deligne-Lusztig varieties. We show that the Bruhat-Tits stratification is a refinement of the Ekedahl-Oort stratification and also relate the Ekedahl-Oort strata to Deligne-Lusztig varieties. We deduce that M^ss\mathcal{M}^{\mathrm{ss}} is locally a complete intersection, that its irreducible components and each Ekedahl-Oort stratum in every irreducible component is isomorphic to a Deligne-Lusztig variety, and give formulas for the number of irreducible components of every Ekedahl-Oort stratum of M^ss\mathcal{M}^{\mathrm{ss}}.     

Max-Min Problems on the Ranks and Inertias of the Matrix Expressions <Emphasis Type="Italic">A</Emphasis>−<Emphasis Type="Italic">BXC</Emphasis>±(<Emphasis Type="Italic">BXC</Emphasis>)<Superscript>∗</Superscript> with Applications

We introduce a simultaneous decomposition for a matrix triplet (A,B,C ^∗), where A=±A ^∗ and (⋅)^∗ denotes the conjugate transpose of a matrix, and use the simultaneous decomposition to solve some conjectures on the maximal and minimal values of the ranks of the matrix expressions A−BXC±(BXC)^∗ with respect to a variable matrix X. In addition, we give some explicit formulas for the maximal and minimal values of the inertia of the matrix expression A−BXC−(BXC)^∗ with respect to X. As applications, we derive the extremal ranks and inertias of the matrix expression D−CXC ^∗ subject to Hermitian solutions of a consistent matrix equation AXA ^∗=B, as well as the extremal ranks and inertias of the Hermitian Schur complement D−B ^∗ A ^∼ B with respect to a Hermitian generalized inverse A ^∼ of A. Various consequences of these extremal ranks and inertias are also presented in the paper.     

On the power of standard information for <Emphasis Type="Italic">L</Emphasis><Subscript>∞</Subscript> approximation in the randomized setting

We study approximation of multivariate functions from a general separable reproducing kernel Hilbert space in the randomized setting with the error measured in the L _∞ norm. We consider algorithms that use standard information consisting of function values or general linear information consisting of arbitrary linear functionals. The power of standard or linear information is defined as, roughly speaking, the optimal rate of convergence of algorithms using n function values or linear functionals. We prove under certain assumptions that the power of standard information in the randomized setting is at least equal to the power of linear information in the worst case setting, and that the powers of linear and standard information in the randomized setting differ at most by 1/2. These assumptions are satisfied for spaces with weighted Korobov and Wiener reproducing kernels. For the Wiener case, the parameters in these assumptions are prohibitively large, and therefore we also present less restrictive assumptions and obtain other bounds on the power of standard information. Finally, we study tractability, which means that we want to guarantee that the errors depend at most polynomially on the number of variables and tend to zero polynomially in n ⁻¹ when n function values are used.     

Convergence of the Law of the Environment Seen by the Particle for Directed Polymers in Random Media in the <Emphasis Type="Italic">L</Emphasis><Superscript>2</Superscript> Region

We consider the model of directed polymers in an i.i.d. Gaussian or bounded environment (Imbrie and Spencer in J. Stat. Phys. 52(3/4), 609–626, 1988; Carmona and Hu in Probab. Theory Relat. Fields 124(3), 431–457, 2002; Comets et al. in Adv. Stud. Pure Math. 39, 115–142, 2004) in the L ² region. We prove the convergence of the law of the environment seen by the particle.     

On the inapproximability of <Emphasis Type="Italic">M</Emphasis>/<Emphasis Type="Italic">G</Emphasis>/<Emphasis Type="Italic">K</Emphasis>: why two moments of job size distribution are not enough

The M/G/K queueing system is one of the oldest models for multiserver systems and has been the topic of performance papers for almost half a century. However, even now, only coarse approximations exist for its mean waiting time. All the closed-form (nonnumerical) approximations in the literature are based on (at most) the first two moments of the job size distribution. In this paper we prove that no approximation based on only the first two moments can be accurate for all job size distributions, and we provide a lower bound on the inapproximability ratio, which we refer to as “the gap.” This is the first such result in the literature to address “the gap.” The proof technique behind this result is novel as well and combines mean value analysis, sample path techniques, scheduling, regenerative arguments, and asymptotic estimates. Finally, our work provides insight into the effect of higher moments of the job size distribution on the mean waiting time.     

A characterization of the algebra <Emphasis Type="Italic">C</Emphasis><Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">β</Emphasis></Subscript>(Ω)

We study some properties of algebras of continuous functions on a locally compact space, these algebras being equipped with the topology defined by a family of multiplication operators (β-uniform algebras). We prove an analog of a theorem due to Sheinberg for β-uniform algebras [see Uspekhi Mat. Nauk, 32:5 (197) (1977), 203–204].     

The discrete fundamental group of the order complex of <Emphasis Type="Italic">B</Emphasis><Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis></Subscript>

A few years ago Kramer and Laubenbacher introduced a discrete notion of homotopy for simplicial complexes. In this paper, we compute the discrete fundamental group of the order complex of the Boolean lattice. As it turns out, it is equivalent to computing the discrete homotopy group of the 1-skeleton of the permutahedron. To compute this group we introduce combinatorial techniques that we believe will be helpful in computing discrete fundamental groups of other polytopes. More precisely, we use the language of words, over the alphabet of simple transpositions, to obtain conditions that are necessary and sufficient to characterize the equivalence classes of cycles. The proof requires only simple combinatorial arguments. As a corollary, we also obtain a combinatorial proof of the fact that the first Betti number of the complement of the 3-equal arrangement is equal to 2 ^n?3(n ²?5n+8)?1. This formula was originally obtained by Björner and Welker in 1995.     

On the structural properties of the weight space L p(x),ω for 0 < p(x) < 1

The main purpose of this paper is to study the weight space L _p(x),ω for 0 < p(x) < 1 as well as the topology of this space. Embeddings between different Lebesgue spaces with variable exponent of summability are established. In particular, it is proved that the set of all linear continuous functionals over L _p(x),ω for 0 < p(x) < 1 consists only of the zero functional.     

Restriction of Representations of GL (<Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis> + 1, <Emphasis Type="Italic">ℂ</Emphasis>) to GL (<Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis>, <Emphasis Type="Italic">ℂ</Emphasis>) and Action of the Lie Overalgebra

Consider a restriction of an irreducible finite dimensional holomorphic representation of \(\text {GL}(n + 1,\mathbb {C})\) to the subgroup \(\text {GL}(n,\mathbb {C})\). We write explicitly formulas for generators of the Lie algebra \(\mathfrak {g}\mathfrak {l}(n + 1)\) in the direct sum of representations of \(\text {GL}(n,\mathbb {C})\). Nontrivial generators act as differential-difference operators, the differential part has order n ??1, the difference part acts on the space of parameters (highest weights) of representations. We also formulate a conjecture about unitary principal series of \(\text {GL}(n,\mathbb {C})\).     

Discrete series of representations for the modular double of the quantum group <Emphasis Type="Italic">U</Emphasis><Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">q</Emphasis></Subscript>(sl(2, ℝ))

The modular double of the quantum group U _q (sl(2)) with deformation parameter q = e ^iπτ is a natural object explicitly taking into account the duality τ ? 1/τ. The use of the modular double in conformal field theory allows one to consider the region 1 < c < 25 for the central charge of the Virasoro algebra when |τ| = 1. In this paper, a new discrete series of representations for the modular double of U _q (sl(2, ?)) is found for such τ.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">OD</Emphasis>-Characterization of the automorphism groups of <Emphasis Type="Italic">O</Emphasis><Stack><Subscript>10</Subscript><Superscript>±</Superscript></Stack>(2)

The prime graph of a finite group was introduced by Gruenberg and Kegel. The degree pattern of a finite group G associated to its prime graph was introduced in [1] and denoted by D(G). The group G is called k-fold OD-characterizable if there exist exactly k non-isomorphic groups H satisfying conditions (1) |G| = |H| and (2) D(G) = D(H). Moreover, a 1-fold OD-characterizable group is simply called an OD-characterizable group. Till now a lot of finite simple groups were shown to be OD-characterizable, and also some finite groups especially the automorphism groups of some finite simple groups were shown not being OD-characterizable but k-fold OD-characterizable for some k > 1. In the present paper, the authors continue this topic and show that the automorphism groups of orthogonal groups O ₁₀⁺(2) and O ₁₀⁻(2) are OD-characterizable.     

On the <Emphasis Type="Italic">ω</Emphasis><Subscript>1</Subscript> limits of subsets of the real line

We point out that it is consistent with ZFC that 2 ^ω > ℵ₁ and every subset of ℝ is the ω ₁ limit of a sequence of G _δ sets in ℝ. We prove also that assuming cov ( ) > ℵ₁, not every set in ℝ is the ω ₁ limit of a sequence of measurable sets. This solves two problems of T. Natkaniec and J. Wesołowska.      

Transversals in Superdisjoint <Emphasis Type="Italic">T</Emphasis>(3)-families of Translates

Let K denote an oval, a centrally symmetric compact convex domain with non-empty interior. A family of translates of K is said to have property T(k) if for every subset of at most k translates there exists a common line transversal intersecting all of them. Property T means that a transversal exists for all members of the family. Two translates, K _i and K _j are said to be φ-disjoint, φ>0, if the concentric φ-enlarged copies of K _i and K _j are disjoint. It is well known that in a φ-disjoint family of congruent discs T(3)?T if \(\varphi>\sqrt{2}\), and \(T(3)\not\Rightarrow T\) if \(\varphi<\sqrt{2}\). In this note finite φ-disjoint T(3)-families of translates of an oval will be investigated.     

Existence of non-abelian representations of the near hexagon <Emphasis Type="BoldItalic">Q(5,2)⊗Q(5,2)</Emphasis>

In [5], a new combinatorial model with four types of points and nine types of lines of the slim dense near hexagon Q(5,2)?Q(5,2) was provided and it was then used to construct a non-abelain representation of Q(5,2)?Q(5,2) in the extraspecial 2-group \(2_{-}^{1+18}\). In this paper, we give a direct proof for the existence of a non-abelian representation of Q(5,2)?Q(5,2) in \(2_{-}^{1+18}\).