Blocking sets in PG(2, q n ) from cones of PG(2n, q)

Let Ω and be a subset of Σ = PG(2n−1,q) and a subset of PG(2n,q) respectively, with Σ ⊂ PG(2n,q) and . Denote by K the cone of vertex Ω and base and consider the point set B defined by

Multiple Blocking Sets in PG(n, q), n > 3

This article discusses minimal s-fold blocking sets B in PG (n, q), q = p^h, p prime, q > 661, n > 3, of size |B| > sq + c ^p q ^2/3 - (s - 1) (s - 2)/2 (s > min (c ^p q ^1/6, q ^1/4/2)). It is shown that these s-fold blocking sets contain the disjoint union of a collection of s lines and/or Baer subplanes. To obtain these results, we extend results of Blokhuis–Storme–Szönyi on s-fold blocking sets in PG(2, q) to s-fold blocking sets having points to which a multiplicity is given. Then the results in PG(n, q), n 3, are obtained using projection arguments. The results of this article also improve results of Hamada and Helleseth on codes meeting the Griesmer bound.     

Frattini子群循环的有限$p$-群中的非交换集和极大Abel子群

设G是一个群,X是G的一个子集,若对于任意x,y∈X且x≠y,都有xy≠yx,则称X是G的一个非交换集.进一步,如果对于G中的任意其它非交换子集Y,都有|X|≥|Y|,那么称X是G的一个极大非交换集.文中确定了Frattini子群循环的有限p-群中极大非交换集和极大Abel子群的势.     

Blocking Sets in PG(r, q n )

Let $\mathcal S$ be a Desarguesian (n – 1)-spread of a hyperplane Σ of PG(rn, q). Let Ω and ${\bar B}$ be, respectively, an (n – 2)-dimensional subspace of an element of $\mathcal S $ and a minimal blocking set of an ((r – 1)n + 1)-dimensional subspace of PG(rn, q) skew to Ω. Denote by K the cone with vertex Ω and base ${\bar B}$ , and consider the point set B defined by $$B=\left(K\setminus\Sigma\right)\cup \{X\in \mathcal S\, : \, X\cap K\neq \emptyset\}$$ in the Barlotti–Cofman representation of PG(r, q ⁿ ) in PG(rn, q) associated to the (n – 1)-spread $\mathcal S$ . Generalizing the constructions of Mazzocca and Polverino (J Algebraic Combin, 24(1):61–81, 2006), under suitable assumptions on ${\bar B}$ , we prove that B is a minimal blocking set in PG(r, q ⁿ ). In this way, we achieve new classes of minimal blocking sets and we find new sizes of minimal blocking sets in finite projective spaces of non-prime order. In particular, for q a power of 3, we exhibit examples of r-dimensional minimal blocking sets of size q ⁿ⁺² + 1 in PG(r, q ⁿ ), 3 ≤ r ≤ 6 and n ≥ 3, and of size q ⁴ + 1 in PG(r, q ²), 4 ≤ r ≤ 6; actually, in the second case, these blocking sets turn out to be the union of q ³ Baer sublines through a point. Moreover, for q an even power of 3, we construct examples of minimal blocking sets of PG(4, q) of size at least q ² + 2. From these constructions, we also get maximal partial ovoids of the hermitian variety H(4, q ²) of size q ⁴ + 1, for any q a power of 3.     

Minimal Blocking Sets in PG(2, 8) and Maximal Partial Spreads in PG(3, 8)

We prove that PG(2, 8) does not contain minimal blocking sets of size 14. Using this result we prove that 58 is the largest size for a maximal partial spread of PG(3, 8). This supports the conjecture that q ²–q+ 2 is the largest size for a maximal partial spread of PG(3, q), q>7.     

A characterization of reguli in PG(3,K) and PG(5,K)

In this note, a regulus of lines in PG(3,K) and a regulus of planes in PG(5,K) are characterized by incidence properties.     

U(n,Z_p)的极大子群及次极大子群

证明了任何有限p-群都同构于某一U(n,Z_p)的子群,讨论了U(n,Z_p)的极大子群及次极大子群.     

Small Blocking Sets in PG(2, p3)

In this paper we show that a small minimalblocking set in PG(2,p³), with p 7,is of Rédei type.     

On the upper chromatic number and multiple blocking sets of PG(n,q)

We investigate the upper chromatic number of the hypergraph formed by the points and the $k$‐dimensional subspaces of $\text{PG}\left(n,q\right)$; that is, the most number of colors that can be used to color the points so that every $k$‐subspace contains at least two points of the same color. Clearly, if one colors the points of a double blocking set with the same color, the rest of the points may get mutually distinct colors. This gives a trivial lower bound, and we prove that it is sharp in many cases. Due to this relation with double blocking sets, we also prove that for $t\le \frac{3}{8}p+1$, a small $t$‐fold (weighted) $\left(n?k\right)$‐blocking set of $\text{PG}\left(n,p\right),p$ prime, must contain the weighted sum of $t$ not necessarily distinct $\left(n?k\right)$‐spaces.     

On the code generated by the incidence matrix of points and hyperplanes in <Emphasis Type="Italic">PG</Emphasis>(<Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis>,<Emphasis Type="Italic">q</Emphasis>) and its dual

In this paper, we study the p-ary linear code C(PG(n,q)), q = p ^h , p prime, h ≥ 1, generated by the incidence matrix of points and hyperplanes of a Desarguesian projective space PG(n,q), and its dual code. We link the codewords of small weight of this code to blocking sets with respect to lines in PG(n,q) and we exclude all possible codewords arising from small linear blocking sets. We also look at the dual code of C(PG(n,q)) and we prove that finding the minimum weight of the dual code can be reduced to finding the minimum weight of the dual code of points and lines in PG(2,q). We present an improved upper bound on this minimum weight and we show that we can drop the divisibility condition on the weight of the codewords in Sachar’s lower bound (Geom Dedicata 8:407–415, 1979). G. Van de Voorde’s research was supported by the Institute for the Promotion of Innovation through Science and Technology in Flanders (IWT-Vlaanderen).     

On the Internal Nuclei of Sets in PG(n,q), q is Odd

In PG(2,q) it is well known that if k is close to q, then any k-arc is contained in a conic. The internal nuclei of a point set form an arc. In this article it is proved that for q odd the above bound on the number of points could be lowered to (or even less), if the arc is obtained as the set of internal nuclei of some point set of proper size. Using this result the internal nuclei of point sets of size q + 1 will be studied in higher dimensional spaces, and an application will be presented to so-called threshold schemes.     

Parametrization of Triangle Groups as Subgroups of PSL(2, q)

In this paper we are interested in triangle groups (j, k, l) where j = 2 and k = 3. The groups (j, k, l) can be considered as factor groups of the modular group PSL(2, Z) which has the presentation x, y : x² = y³ = 1. Since PSL(2,q) is a factor group of G^k,l,m if -1 is a quadratic residue in the finite field F_q, it is therefore worthwhile to look at (j, k, l) groups as subgroups of PSL(2, q) or PGL(2, q). Specifically, we shall find a condition in form of a polynomial for the existence of groups (2, 3, k) as subgroups of PSL(2, q) or PGL(2, q).Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary 20F05 Secondary 20G40.     

Large blocking sets in PG(2,q2)

Minimal blocking sets in $\mathrm{PG}(2,q^2)$ have size at most $q^3+1$. This result is due to Bruen and Thas and the bound is sharp, sets attaining this bound are called unitals. In this paper, we show that the second largest minimal blocking sets have size at most $q^3+1-(p-3)/2$, if $q=p$, $p\ge 67$, or $q=p^h$, $p>7$, $h>1$. Our proof also works for sets having at least one tangent at each of its points (that is, for tangency sets).     

Linear (q+1)-fold Blocking Sets in PG(2, q4)

A (q+1)-fold blocking set of size (q+1)(q⁴+q²+1) in PG(2, q⁴) which is not the union of q+1 disjoint Baer subplanes, is constructed     

SL(2,C)中的伪非初等子群和伪Kleinian群

定义了SL(2,C)中的伪非初等群和伪Kleinian群，得到了它们的离散准则和收敛定理．     

Scattered Spaces with Respect to a Spread in PG(n,q)

A scattered subspace of PG(n-1,q) with respect to a (t-1)-spread S is a subspace intersecting every spread element in at most a point. Upper and lower bounds for the dimension of a maximum scattered space are given. In the case of a normal spread new classes of two intersection sets with respect to hyperplanes in a projective space are obtained using scattered spaces.     

On the Classification of Orbits of Symmetric Subgroups Acting on Flag Varieties of SL(2, k)

Symmetric k-varieties are a generalization of symmetric spaces to general fields. Orbits of a minimal parabolic k-subgroup acting on a symmetric k-variety are essential in the study of symmetric k-varieties and their representations. In this article, we present the classification of these orbits for the group SL(2,k) for a number of base fields k, including finite fields and the 𝔭-adic numbers. We use the characterization in Helminck and Wang (1993 Helminck , A. G. , Wang , S. P. ( 1993 ). On rationality properties of involutions of reductive groups . Adv. Math. 99 ( 1 ): 26 – 96 .[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]), which requires one to first classify the orbits of the θ-stable maximal k-split tori under the action of the k-points of the fixed point group.