Absolute Valued Algebras Satisfying ( x 2, x 2, x 2) = 0

Abstract

Let A be an absolute valued algebra. We prove that if A satisfies the identity (x ², x ², x ²) = 0 for all x in A, and contains a central idempotent e, that is ex = xe for all x in A, then A is finite dimensional. This result enables us to prove that if A satisfies (x ², x ², x ²) = 0 and admits an involution then A is finite dimensional. To show that our assumptions on A are essential we recall that in El-Mallah [El-Mallah, M. L. (1988). Absolute valued algebras with an involution. Arch. Math. 51:39–49] it was shown that the existence of a central idempotent in A is not a sufficient condition for A to be finite dimensional; and the example given in El-Mallah [El-Mallah, M. L. (2003). Semi-algebraic absolute valued algebras with an involution. Comm. Algebra 31(7):3135–3141] shows that there exist infinite dimensional semi-algebraic absolute valued algebras satisfying the identity (x ², x ², x ²) = 0.     

Über die Differentialgleichungu x y =f(x,y, u,u x,u y )

Ohne ZusammenfassungDiese Arbeit wurde teilweise unterstützt von der United States Air Force [Air Force Office of Scientific Research-Contract AF 49 (638)-228]. Sie besteht aus drei Teilen. Teil I ist im vorangehenden Heft dieser Zeitschrift erschienen, Teil III erscheint im folgenden Heft. Formeln und Sätze sind in jedem Teil für sich durchnumeriert. Bei Verweisen bedeutet z. B. (I. 17) die Formel (17) von Teil I, Satz I. 5 bedeutet Satz 5 von Teil I.     

构造ARBIBD（x^2,x（x＋1）,x＋1,X,1）的实用方法

本文提出了构造群GF(p)及GF(p~e)上的一类ARBIBD的简单而有效的算法。它们易于计算机和手工生成,且可用来推广复数旋转码及加速编码速度。     

广义函数δ(x1,…,x2m)和δ(x1,…,x2m-1)(○) I(x2m)的乘积

用非标准分析和广义函数的调和表示,给出广义函数δ(x1,···,x2m)和δ(x1,…,x2m-1)(○)I(x2m)的乘积.

Abstract：

In this paper, we get the product of distributions δ(x1,···, x2m) and δ(x1,···, x2m-1)(○)I(x2m), defined by using nonstandard analysis and harmonic representations of distribution.     

Asymptotic Behavior of Solutions of the Cauchy Problem x′ = f(t,x, x′), x(0) = 0

We prove the existence of continuously differentiable solutions such that

Über die Differentialgleichungu xy =f(x,y, u,u x,u y )

Ohne ZusammenfassungDiese Arbeit wurde teilweise unterstützt von der United States Air Force [Air Force Office of Scientific Research-Contract AF 49(638)-228]. Sie wurde von der Fakultät für Natur- und Geisteswissenschaften der Technischen Hochschule Karlsruhe als Habilitationsschrift angenommen. Die beiden ersten Teile sind in Band 71 dieser Zeitschrift erschienen (S. 308–324 und 436–453).     

Über die Differentialgleichungu xy =f(x,y, u,u x,u y )

Ohne ZusammenfassungDiese Arbeit wurde teilweise unterstützt von der United States Air Force (Air Force Office of Scientific Research-Contract AF 49 (638)-228). Sie besteht aus insgesamt drei Teilen. Teil II (Existenzsätze für die charakteristische Anfangswertaufgabe) und Teil III (Die nichtcharakteristische Anfangswertaufgabe) werden in Kürze in dieser Zeitschrift erscheinen.     

被积函数中出现sinx/x,sinx^2,e^-x2,e^y/x,sin^y/x等函数时二重积分的计算

通过利用分部积分与二次积分交换积分顺序这两种方法，讨论了被积函数中出现sinx/x,sinx^2,e^-x2,e^y/x,sin^y/x等函数时二重积分的计算     

迭代函数方程$G(x,f(x),\ldots,f^n(x))=F(x)$的$C^1$解

In this paper we consider the iterative equation G(x,f(x),...,f n(x)) = F(x) on R,and give the existence of C 1 solutions near the fixed point of F,which generalize some results on the leading coefficient problem from the form of the polynomial-like iterative equations to the general form.     

满足I(x,I(y,x))=1的IT,N蕴涵的解

研究了I(x,I(y,x))=1,其中I为由强否定N和连续三角模T生成的IT,N蕴涵,即IT,N(x,y)=N(T(x,N(y))),x,y∈[0,1],给出了满足I(x,I(y,x))=1,x,y∈[0,1]的充要条件;最后,研究了由强否定N和一类不连续的三角模min0生成的Imin0,N蕴涵,给出了满足I(x,I(y,x))=1,x,y∈[0,1]的充要条件.     

One-Sided Boundary Control for the Process of Oscillations Described by the Equation k(x)[k(x)u x (x,t)] x − u tt (x,t) = 0

This article concerns the boundary control on the side x = 0 when the other side x = l is fixed. The corresponding process of oscillations is studied for the time interval T > 0 and is described by the generalized solution of the equation

Chaotic behaviour of the map x ↦ ω(x, f)

Let K(2^?) be the class of compact subsets of the Cantor space 2^?, furnished with the Hausdorff metric. Let f ∈ C(2^?). We study the map ω _f : 2 ^? → K(2^?) defined as ω _f (x) = ω(x, f), the ω-limit set of x under f. Unlike the case of n-dimensional manifolds, n ≥ 1, we show that ω _f is continuous for the generic self-map f of the Cantor space, even though the set of functions for which ω _f is everywhere discontinuous on a subsystem is dense in C(2^?). The relationships between the continuity of ω _f and some forms of chaos are investigated.     

∫f(x)dx(x∈(a, ∞))收敛与limf(x)=0(x→ ∞)

讨论了当广义积分∫ ∞a f (x) dx收敛时 ,极限 limx→ ∞ f (x) =0的各种条件 .     

方程组x=f(t,x)解的一致稳定性

本文给出了方程组x=f(t,x)解的一致稳定性的一个判别准则,改进了文献[1]中的有关结果。     

Global Behavior of Solutions of x n + 1 = max {x n , A}/x n x n – 1

We investigate the asymptotic behavior, the oscillatory character, and theperiodic nature of solutions of the difference equation

Asymptotically optimally reliable circuits in the basis {x 1 & x 2 & x 3, x 1 ∨ x 2 ∨ x 3, \bar x_1 } for inverse faults at the inputs of elements

We prove that, in the basis {x ₁ & x ₂ & x ₃, x ₁ ∨ x ₂ ∨ x ₃, $ \bar x_1 $ }, for inverse faults at the inputs of functional elements, all Boolean functions f(x ₁, x ₂, ..., x _n ) can be realized by asymptotically optimally reliable circuits operating with unreliability asymptotically (as ? → 0) equal to: ? ₃ for the constants 0 and 1, ? for the functions $ \bar x_i $ , and 3? for f(x ₁, x ₂, ..., x _n ) ≠ 0, 1, $ \bar x_i $ , x _i , where ? is the error probability at each input of the functional element and i = 1, ..., n. The functions xi, i = 1, ..., n, can be realized absolutely reliably. The complexity of asymptotically optimally reliable circuits is equal in order to the complexity of minimal circuits constructed only from reliable elements.