Extremal Properties of Bases for Representations of Semisimple Lie Algebras

Let be a complex semisimple Lie algebra with specified Chevalley generators. Let V be a finite dimensional representation of with weight basis . The supporting graph P of is defined to be the directed graph whose vertices are the elements of and whose colored edges describe the supports of the actions of the Chevalley generators on V. Four properties of weight bases are introduced in this setting, and several families of representations are shown to have weight bases which have or are conjectured to have each of the four properties. The basis can be determined to be edge-minimizing (respectively, edge-minimal) by comparing P to the supporting graphs of other weight bases of V. The basis is solitary if it is the only basis (up to scalar changes) which has P as its supporting graph. The basis is a modular lattice basis if P is the Hasse diagram of a modular lattice. The Gelfand-Tsetlin bases for the irreducible representations of sl(n, ) serve as the prototypes for the weight bases sought in this paper. These bases, as well as weight bases for the fundamental representations of sp(2n, ) and the irreducible one-dimensional weight space representations of any semisimple Lie algebra, are shown to be solitary and edge-minimal and to have modular lattice supports. Tools developed here are used to construct uniformly the irreducible one-dimensional weight space representations. Similar results for certain irreducible representations of the odd orthogonal Lie algebra o(2n + 1, ), the exceptional Lie algebra G ₂, and for the adjoint and short adjoint representations of the simple Lie algebras are announced.     

Automorphisms and Derivations of Certain Solvable Lie Algebras Over Commutative Rings

Let L be a finite-dimensional complex simple Lie algebra, L _? be the ?-span of a Chevalley basis of L, and L _R  = R ?_? L _? be a Chevalley algebra of type L over a commutative ring R with identity. Let ?(R) be the solvable subalgebra of L _R spanned by the basis elements of the maximal toral subalgebra and the root vectors associated with positive roots. In this article, we prove that under some conditions for R, any automorphism of ?(R) is uniquely decomposed as a product of a graph automorphism, a diagonal automorphism and an inner automorphism, and any derivation of ?(R) is uniquely decomposed as a sum of an inner derivation induced by root vectors and a diagonal derivation. Correspondingly, the automorphism group and the derivation algebra of ?(R) are determined.     

The Kernel of the Adjoint Representation of a p-Adic Lie Group Need Not Have an Abelian Open Normal Subgroup

Let G be a p-adic Lie group with Lie algebra 𝔤 and Ad: G → Aut(𝔤) be the adjoint representation. It was claimed in the literature that the kernel K?ker(Ad) always has an abelian open normal subgroup. We show by means of a counterexample that this assertion is false. It can even happen that K = G, but G has no abelian subnormal subgroup except for the trivial group. The arguments are based on auxiliary results on subgroups of free products with central amalgamation.     

Constructing affine Lie algebras

The ?-grading determined by a long simple root of a rank n+1 a?ne Lie algebra over ? arises from a representation of a rank n semi-simple complex Lie algebra. Analysis of the relationship between the grading and the representation yields constructions that generalize the minuscule and adjoint algorithms as well as Kac’s construction of nontwisted a?ne Lie algebras.     

Algèbres de Poisson et Algèbres de Lie Résolubles

Let 𝔤 be a solvable Lie algebra and Q an (ad 𝔤)-stable prime ideal of the symmetric algebra S(𝔤) of 𝔤. If E denotes the set of nonzero elements of S(𝔤)/Q which are eigenvectors for the adjoint action of 𝔤 on S(𝔤)/Q, then the localization (S(𝔤)/Q) _E has a natural structure of Poisson algebra. We study this algebra here.

Soient 𝔤 une algèbre de Lie résoluble et Q un idéal premier (ad 𝔤)-stable de l'algèbre symétrique S(𝔤) de 𝔤. Si E est l'ensemble des éléments non nuls de S(𝔤)/Q qui sont vecteurs propres pour l'action adjointe de 𝔤 dans S(𝔤)/Q, l'algèbre localisée (S(𝔤)/Q) _E a une structure naturelle d'algèbre de Poisson. On étudie ici cette algèbre.     

Parafermion vertex operator algebras

This paper reviews some recent results on the parafermion vertex operator algebra associated to the integrable highest weight module L(k, 0) of positive integer level k for any affine Kac-Moody Lie algebra ĝ, where g is a finite dimensional simple Lie algebra. In particular, the generators and the C ₂-cofiniteness of the parafermion vertex operator algebras are discussed. A proof of the well-known fact that the parafermion vertex operator algebra can be realized as the commutant of a lattice vertex operator algebra in L(k, 0) is also given.     

A class of simple Lie algebras attached to unit forms

Let n ≥ 3. The complex Lie algebra, which is attached to a unit form q(x ₁, x ₂,..., x _n) = \({\sum\nolimits_{i = 1}^n {x_i^2 + \sum\nolimits_{1 \leqslant i \leqslant j \leqslant n} {\left( { - 1} \right)} } ^{j - i}}{x_i}{x_j}\) and defined by generators and generalized Serre relations, is proved to be a finite-dimensional simple Lie algebra of type A _n , and realized by the Ringel-Hall Lie algebra of a Nakayama algebra of radical square zero. As its application of the realization, we give the roots and a Chevalley basis of the simple Lie algebra.     

Gröbner-Shirshov bases for the lie algebra <Emphasis Type="Italic">A</Emphasis><Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis></Subscript>

We estimate Gröbner-Shirshov bases for the Lie algebra A_n given arbitrary orders of generators (nodes of a Dynkin graph). Previously, the Gröbner-Shirshov basis was computed in [1] for the particular case where nodes of the Dynkin graph are ordered successively.Supported by RFBR grant Nos. 05-01-00230 and 02-01-00258 and by the Council for Grants (under RF President) and State Aid of Fundamental Science Schools, project NSh-2069.2003.1.__________Translated from Algebra i Logika, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 131–147, March–April, 2005.     

A new approach to standard monomial theory for classical groups

We describe a procedure for constructing monomial bases for finite dimensional irreducible representations of complex semisimple Lie algebras. A basis is calledmonomial if each of its elements is the result of applying to a (fixed) highest weight vector a monomial in the Chevalley basis elementsY , a simple root, in the opposite Borel subalgebra. As an immediate application we obtain a new proof of the main theorem of standard monomial theory for classical groups.     

Derivations,automorphisms, and representations of complex ω-Lie algebras

Let (𝔤,ω) be a finite-dimensional non-Lie complex ω-Lie algebra. We study the derivation algebra Der(𝔤) and the automorphism group Aut(𝔤) of (𝔤,ω). We introduce the notions of ω-derivations and ω-automorphisms of (𝔤,ω) which naturally preserve the bilinear form ω. We show that the set Der_ω(𝔤) of all ω-derivations is a Lie subalgebra of Der(𝔤) and the set Aut_ω(𝔤) of all ω-automorphisms is a subgroup of Aut(𝔤). For any three-dimensional and four-dimensional nontrivial ω-Lie algebra 𝔤, we compute Der(𝔤) and Aut(𝔤) explicitly, and study some Lie group properties of Aut(𝔤). We also study representation theory of ω-Lie algebras. We show that all three-dimensional nontrivial ω-Lie algebras are multiplicative, as well as we provide a four-dimensional example of ω-Lie algebra that is not multiplicative. Finally, we show that any irreducible representation of the simple ω-Lie algebra C_α(α≠0,?1) is one-dimensional.     

Representations of Loop Kac-Moody Lie Algebras

We study representations of the Loop Kac-Moody Lie algebra 𝔤 ?A, where 𝔤 is any Kac-Moody algebra and A is a ring of Laurent polynomials in n commuting variables. In particular, we study representations with finite dimensional weight spaces and their graded versions. When we specialize 𝔤 to be a finite dimensional or affine Lie algebra we obtain modules for toroidal Lie algebras.     

与一类unit型相联系的有限维单李代数的结构

Let n ≥ 4. The complex Lie algebra, which is attached to the unit form q(x1, x2,..., xn)■ and defined by generators and generalized Serre relations, is proved to be a finite-dimensional simple Lie algebra of type Dn, and realized by the Ringel-Hall Lie algebra of a Nakayama algebra. As its application of the realization, we give the roots and a Chevalley basis of the simple Lie algebra.     

Invertible Linear Maps on Simple Lie Algebras Preserving Solvability

Let 𝔤 be a (finite-dimensional) complex simple Lie algebra of rank l. An invertible linear map ? on 𝔤 is said to preserve solvability in both directions if ?, as well as ?^?1, sends every solvable subalgebra to some solvable one. In this article, it is shown that an invertible linear map ? on 𝔤 preserves solvability in both directions if and only if it can be decomposed into the product of an inner automorphism, a graph automorphism, a scalar multiplication map and a diagonal automorphism.     

Brauer algebras of simply laced type

The diagram algebra introduced by Brauer that describes the centralizer algebra of the n-fold tensor product of the natural representation of an orthogonal Lie group has a presentation by generators and relations that only depends on the path graph A _{n − 1} on n − 1 nodes. Here we describe an algebra depending on an arbitrary graph Q, called the Brauer algebra of type Q, and study its structure in the cases where Q is a Coxeter graph of simply laced spherical type (so its connected components are of type A _{n − 1}, D _n , E₆, E₇, E₈). We find its irreducible representations and its dimension, and show that the algebra is cellular. The algebra is generically semisimple and contains the group algebra of the Coxeter group of type Q as a subalgebra. It is a ring homomorphic image of the Birman-Murakami-Wenzl algebra of type Q; this fact will be used in later work determining the structure of the Birman-Murakami-Wenzl algebras of simply laced spherical type.     

Reduction of the adjoint representation of sl(2,1): generators of primitive ideals

We present a reduction of the adjoint representation of the Lie superalge-bra,sl(2,1) and a study of the quotient algebra B(^c,k)= u/u(C?c)+u(D?kc), where c,k are two complex numbers. Under some additional conditions, we prove that every irreducible infinite dimensional representation of B(^c,k) is faithful, and that B(^C,K) is a primitive algebra. We give explicitly a set of generators of primitive degenerate ideal of infinite codimension. Essentially we prove that any minimal primitive ideal of u(sl(2,1)) is generated, as a 2-sided ideal, by its intersection with the algebra of gg-iuvariants.     

Simple Lie algebras having extremal elements

Let L be a simple finite-dimensional Lie algebra of characteristic distinct from 2 and from 3. Suppose that L contains an extremal element that is not a sandwich, that is, an element x such that [x, [x, L]] is equal to the linear span of x in L. In this paper we prove that, with a single exception, L is generated by extremal elements. The result is known, at least for most characteristics, but the proofs in the literature are involved. The current proof closes a gap in a geometric proof that every simple Lie algebra containing no sandwiches (that is, ad-nilpotent elements of order 2) is in fact of classical type.     

Infinite-dimensional Lie algebras determined by the space of symmetric squares of hyperelliptic curves

We construct Lie algebras of vector fields on universal bundles of symmetric squares of hyperelliptic curves of genus g = 1, 2,.. For each of these Lie algebras, the Lie subalgebra of vertical fields has commuting generators, while the generators of the Lie subalgebra of projectable fields determines the canonical representation of the Lie subalgebra with generators L _2q , q = ?1, 0, 1, 2,.., of the Witt algebra. As an application, we obtain integrable polynomial dynamical systems.     

Simplicity of the Lie Algebra of Skew Symmetric Elements of a Leavitt Path Algebra

For a field F of characteristic not 2 and a directed row-finite graph Γ let L(Γ) be the Leavitt Path Algebra with standard involution *. We study the lie algebra of K = K(L(Γ), *) of * ?skew-symmetric elements and find necessary and sufficient conditions for the Lie algebra [K, K] to be simple.