Two characterizations of pure injective modules

Let be a commutative ring with identity and an -module. It is shown that if is pure injective, then is isomorphic to a direct summand of the direct product of a family of finitely embedded modules. As a result, it follows that if is Noetherian, then is pure injective if and only if is isomorphic to a direct summand of the direct product of a family of Artinian modules. Moreover, it is proved that is pure injective if and only if there is a family of -algebras which are finitely presented as -modules, such that is isomorphic to a direct summand of a module of the form , where for each , is an injective -module.

     

Change of grading,injective dimension and dualizing complexes

Let G,H be groups, φ:G→H a group morphism, and A a G-graded algebra. The morphism φ induces an H-grading on A, and on any G-graded A-module, which thus becomes an H-graded A-module. Given an injective G-graded A-module, we give bounds for its injective dimension when seen as H-graded A-module. Following ideas by Van den Bergh, we give an application of our results to the stability of dualizing complexes through change of grading.     

On the Existence of Certain Modules of Finite Gorenstein Homological Dimensions

Let (R, 𝔪) be a commutative Noetherian local ring. It is known that R is Cohen–Macaulay if there exists either a nonzero finitely generated R-module of finite injective dimension or a nonzero Cohen–Macaulay R-module of finite projective dimension. In this article, we investigate the Gorenstein analogues of these facts.     

On finitely injective modules and locally pure-injective modules over Prüfer domains

Over Matlis valuation domains there exist finitely injective modules which are not direct sums of injective modules, as well as complete locally pure-injective modules which are not the completion of a direct sum of pure-injective modules. Over Prüfer domains which are either almost maximal, or -local Matlis, finitely injective torsion modules and complete torsion-free locally pure-injective modules correspond to each other under the Matlis equivalence. Almost maximal Prüfer domains are characterized by the property that every torsion-free complete module is locally pure-injective. It is derived that semi-Dedekind domains are Dedekind.

     

Tensor product of quaternion hilbert modules

One of the main problems in the theory of quaternion quantum mechanics has been the construction of a tensor product of quaternion Hilbert modules. A solution to this problem is given by studying the tensor product of quaternion algebras (over the reals) and some of its quotient modules. Real, complex, and (covariant) quaternion scalar products are found in the tensor product spaces. Annihilationcreation operators are constructed, corresponding to the second quantization of the quaternion quantum theory with Bose-Einstein or Fermi-Dirac statistics. The gauge transformations of a tensor product vector and the gauge fields are studied.On Sabbatical leave from the School of Physics and Astronomy, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel. Work supported in part by a fellowship from the Ambrose Monell Foundation.     

Noetherian rings with almost injective simple modules

We characterize right Noetherian rings over which all simple modules are almost injective. It is proved that R is such a ring, if and only if, the complements of semisimple submodules of every R-module M are direct summands of M, if and only if, R is a finite direct sum of right ideals I_r, where I_r is either a Noetherian V-module with zero socle, or a simple module, or an injective module of length 2. A commutative Noetherian ring for which all simple modules are almost injective is precisely a finite direct product of rings R_i, where R_i is either a field or a quasi-Frobenius ring of length 2. We show that for commutative rings whose all simple modules are almost injective, the properties of Kasch, (semi)perfect, semilocal, quasi-Frobenius, Artinian, and Noetherian coincide.     

Dual of bass numbers and dualizing modules

Let R be a Noetherian ring and let C be a semidualizing R-module. In this paper, we impose various conditions on C to be dualizing. For example, as a generalization of Xu [21 Xu, J. (1995). Minimal injective and flat resolutions of modules over Gorenstein rings. J. Algebra 175:451–477.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar], Theorem 3.2], we show that C is dualizing if and only if for an R-module M, the necessary and su?cient condition for M to be C-injective is that π_i(𝔭,M) = 0 for all 𝔭∈Spec (R) and all i≠ht (𝔭), where π_i is the invariant dual to the Bass numbers defined by Enochs and Xu [8 Enochs, E., Xu, J. (1997). On invariants dual to the Bass numbers. Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 125:951–960.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]].     

Selforthogonal modules with finite injective dimension

The category consisting of finitely generated modules which are left orthogonal with a cotilting bimodule is shown to be functorially finite. The notion of left orthogonal dimension is introduced, and then a necessary and sufficient condition of selforthogonal modules having finite injective dimension and a characterization of cotilting modules are given.     

使用相关内射性对拟连续模的一个刻划

近二十年，许多环与模工作对拟投射模与拟内射模作了各种推广与研究。连续模与拟连续模就是拟内射模的一种推广，拟连续模要比连续模弱。在[2]，作对连续模与拟连续模做了深入的研究。在这篇章中，利用相关内射性给出了拟连续模的一个刻划。     

Supplement Submodules of Injective Modules

An R-module M is called almost injective if M is a supplement submodule of every module which contains M. The module M is called F-almost injective if every factor module of M is almost injective. It is shown that a ring R is a right H-ring if and only if R is right perfect and every almost injective module is injective. We prove that a ring R is semisimple if and only if the R-module R _R is F-almost injective.     

Utumi modules

A right R-module M is called a U-module if, whenever A and B are submodules of M with A?B and A ∩ B = 0, there exist two summands K and L of M such that A?^essK, B?^essL and K⊕L?^⊕M. The class of U-modules is a simultaneous and strict generalization of three fundamental classes of modules; namely, the quasi-continuous, the square-free, and the automorphism-invariant modules. In this paper we show that the class of U-modules inherits some of the important features of the aforementioned classes of modules. For example, a U-module M is clean if and only if it has the finite exchange property, if and only if it has the full exchange property. As an immediate consequence, every strongly clean U-module has the substitution property and hence is Dedekind-finite. In particular, the endomorphism ring of a strongly clean U-module has stable range 1.     

Auslander Class,G C,and C–projective Modules Modulo Exact Zero-divisors

For a semidualizing module C over a ring R, we study the following classes modulo exact zero divisors: G _C –projectives, 𝒢 _C ; the Auslander class 𝒜 _C ; the Bass class ? _C ; 𝒫 _C –projective; ? _C –projective; and ? _C –injective dimensions.     

Reflexivity and Ring Homomorphisms of Finite Flat Dimension

In this article we present a systematic study of the reflexivity properties of homologically finite complexes with respect to semidualizing complexes in the setting of nonlocal rings. One primary focus is the descent of these properties over ring homomorphisms of finite flat dimension, presented in terms of inequalities between generalized G-dimensions. Most of these results are new even when the ring homomorphism is local. The main tool for these analyses is a nonlocal version of the amplitude inequality of Iversen, Foxby, and Iyengar. We provide numerous examples demonstrating the need for certain hypotheses and the strictness of many inequalities.     

On Pseudo Small Injective Modules

The definition of principally pseudo injectivity motivates us to generalize tae notion of injectivity, noted SP pseudo injectivity. The aim of this paper is to investigate characterizations and properties of SP pseudo injective modules. Various results are devel- oped, many extending known results. As applications, we give some characterizations on Noetherian rings, QI rings, quasi-Frobenius rings.     

Cohomology theories based on Gorenstein injective modules

In this paper we study relative and Tate cohomology of modules of finite Gorenstein injective dimension. Using these cohomology theories, we present variations of Grothendieck local cohomology modules, namely Gorenstein and Tate local cohomology modules. By applying a sort of Avramov-Martsinkovsky exact sequence, we show that these two variations of local cohomology are tightly connected to the generalized local cohomology modules introduced by J. Herzog. We discuss some properties of these modules and give some results concerning their vanishing and non-vanishing.