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菲涅耳非相干数字全息作为一种非扫描的三维成像技术具有其独特的优势,但其成像过程中会受到各种像差的影响,导致成像分辨率、再现像的质量降低.为了解决这一问题,可以结合适当的自适应光学技术对波前像差进行探测和校正.位相变更是一种基于两幅具有已知位相差的强度图像实现波前探测和像差校正的技术.本文发展了基于位相变更的非相干数字全息自适应成像技术,不需要引入引导星,利用全息记录过程中的两幅相移全息图,实现波前像差的探测.本文给出了所发展技术的数值仿真和实验结果,结合位相变更算法求解出系统像差的位相分布,将像差的共轭位相加载到光瞳面上,在全息图记录的同时校正像差,从而提高重建像的质量. 相似文献
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Thomas Weyrauch Mikhail A. Vorontsov 《Journal of Optical and Fiber Communications Reports》2004,1(4):355-379
Refractive index inhomogeneities of the turbulent air cause
wave-front distortions of optical waves propagating through the
atmosphere, leading to such effects as beam spreading, beam
wander, and intensity fluctuations (scintillations). These
distortions are responsible for severe signal fading in free-space
optical communications systems and therefore compromise link
reliability. Wave-front distortions can be mitigated, in
principle, with adaptive optics, i.e., real-time wave-front
control, reducing the likeliness of signal fading. However,
adaptive optics technology, currently primarily used in
astronomical imaging, needs to be adapted to the requirements of
free-space optical communication systems and their specific
challenges.In this chapter we discuss a non-conventional adaptive optics
approach that has certain advantages with respect to its
incorporation into free-space optical communication terminals. The
technique does not require wave-front measurements, which are
difficult under the strong scintillation conditions typical for
communication scenarios, but is based on the direct optimization
of a performance quality metric, e.g., the communication signal
strength, with a stochastic parallel gradient descent (SPGD)
algorithm.We describe an experimental adaptive optics system that consists
of a beam-steering and a higher-resolution wave-front correction
unit with a 132-actuator MEMS piston-type deformable mirror
controlled by a VLSI system implementing the SPGD algorithm. The
system optimizes the optical signal that could be coupled into a
single-mode fiber after propagating along a 2.3-km near-horizontal
atmospheric path. We investigate characteristics of the
performance metric under different atmospheric conditions and
evaluate the effect of the adaptive system. Experiments performed
under strong scintillation conditions with beam-steering only as
well as with higher-resolution wave-front control demonstrate the
mitigation of wave-front distortions and the reduction of signal
fading. 相似文献
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《Comptes Rendus de l''Academie des Sciences Series IV Physics》2001,2(8):1131-1138
Imaging the human retina in vivo is affected by the eye's natural aberrations, which limit the resolution of retinal images. Measuring these aberrations, including the high order ones, is possible using wavefront sensing techniques. A review of the rapid progress in this field is given. Once the aberrations are known, adaptive optics methods, developed for astronomical observing in the past 15 years, can be applied in order either to improve retinal imaging or to give hyper-vision to the subject. Progress in this domain is reviewed, and some original results are reported with a new instrument. Future applications are discussed, including a possible three-dimensional, high-resolution method to image the human retina in vivo. 相似文献
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We present a single-shot incoherent light imaging method for simultaneously observing both amplitude and phase without any imaging optics, based on machine learning. In the proposed method, an object with a complex-amplitude field is illuminated with incoherent light and is captured by an image sensor with or without a coded aperture. The complex-amplitude field of the object is reconstructed from a single captured image using a state-of-the-art deep convolutional neural network, which is trained with a large number of input and output pairs. In experimental demonstrations, the proposed method was verified with a handwritten character database, and the effect of a coded aperture printed on an overhead projector film in the reconstruction was examined. Our method has advantages over conventional wavefront sensing techniques using incoherent light, namely simplification of the optical hardware and improved measurement speed. This study shows the importance and practical impact of machine learning techniques in various fields of optical sensing. 相似文献
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在天文高分辨成像领域,自适应光学校正和事后图像复原都必不可少,但传统的自适应光学系统控制方法以提升光学成像质量为目的,并未考虑图像复原环节,因此,研究一种结合两者以获得高质量复原图像为目标的控制方法具有重要意义.本文对传统自适应光学技术结合事后图像解卷积的方法进行了分析,阐述了其存在的缺陷.首次提出了将自适应光学技术和图像复原技术相结合进行系统分析的思想,并提出了变形镜校正度(变形镜控制电压相对于传统方法控制电压的缩放比例)的概念,通过改变校正度可实现变形镜校正残差和波前传感器探测误差的调整,同时证明了复原图像质量在校正度下降的方向存在一个最优值,用最优校正度来修正变形镜控制电压,就得到了一种新的控制方法.针对点源目标成像,仿真表明该方法相比于传统方法,能够得到质量更好的复原图像. 相似文献
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大焦深成像系统的特性研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
如何增大非相干光学成像系统的焦深已成为一项有意义的研究主题,为了增大焦深,通常的做法是缩小相对孔径,但这种做法会降低光学系统的光通量、调制传递函数(MTF)及分辨率,而大焦深成像系统通过在光学系统光路中加入一特殊设计的非球面掩摸板,并用图像处理技术对相位掩模板编码后的图像进行解码得到清晰图像,保证了光学系统在维持原有相对孔径的同时扩大其焦深范围,使光学系统在离焦范围内有好的图像质量,从光学图和系统的MTF两个方面对大焦深成像系统的特性进行了分离,并对结果进行了讨论。 相似文献
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用于活体人眼视网膜观察的自适应光学成像系统 总被引:16,自引:4,他引:16
利用自适应光学技术,研制了两套活体人眼视网膜高分辨力成像系统,在实时校正人眼波前误差的基础上,实现活体人眼视网膜细胞尺度的高分辨力成像。这两套系统分别采用19和37单元小型压电变形反射镜作为波前校正元件,哈特曼-夏克(Hartmann-Shack)波前传感器测量波前误差,用眼底反射的半导体激光作为波前探测的信标。在用计算机控制自适应光学系统实现人眼波前误差校正后,触发闪光灯照明视网膜,用CCD相机记录视网膜的高分辨力图像。校正后的残余波前误差的均方根值已分别小于1/6和1/10波长,相当于视网膜上成像分辨力分别为3.4μm和2.6μm,接近衍射极限。试验表明37单元系统的成像质量更好。 相似文献
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We present a general, undiscretized formulation of astronomical adaptive optics that encompasses arbitrary guide star sources and deformable mirror configurations. It is shown that wave-front measurements can be represented as samples of an integral transform of the turbulence perturbation and also that the desired information for adaptive correction is a subset of this transformed space. Some properties of this space are explored, and their implications for adaptive optics are discussed. 相似文献
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自适应光学与能动光学 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
自适应光学和能动光学是近20年来发展起来的光学新技术,它赋予光学系统以能动可控的能力,为解决困扰光学界几百年之久传统光学技术无法克服动态干扰的老问题,成为高分辨率成像和强激光传输中的关键技术。文章介绍了自适应光学和能动光学原理、技术难点和解决办法。还介绍了我国在激光核聚变和高分辨率天文成像方面应用自适应光学的成果。 相似文献
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Imaging with an array of adaptive subapertures 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
An imaging system composed of an array of adaptive optics subapertures referred to as a conformal imaging system is considered. A conformal image of an object viewed through atmospheric turbulence is obtained using the following sequential steps: adaptive compensation of phase distortions through optimization of image quality metrics at each subaperture, measurements of the phase and intensity distributions corresponding to the compensated subaperture images, digital combining and processing of the obtained data, computation of a conformal image using arbitrary phase shifts between subapertures, and correction of these phase shifts through conformal image quality optimization using the stochastic parallel gradient descent algorithm. Numerical simulation results of a dual-star conformal image through atmospheric turbulence are presented. 相似文献
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Noriaki Miura Yuuki Noto Shuusuke Kato Fumihito Yokoyama Susumu Kuwamura Naoshi Baba Yoichiro Hanaoka Shin’ichi Nagata Satoru Ueno Reizaburou Kitai Kiyoshi Ichimoto Hideki Takami 《Optical Review》2009,16(5):558-561
A solar adaptive optics system has been improved by using a high-speed electromagnetic deformable mirror and adopting a modified sum-of-absolute-differences algorithm in wavefront sensing. Results of laboratory experiments clearly show that the use of the mirror raises the temporal performance of the system. In solar observations, wavefront compensation using solar granules as a target is realized. 相似文献
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A 127-element adaptive optical system has been developed and integrated into a 1.8-m astronomical telescope in September 2009.In addition,the first light on a high-resolution imaging for stars has been achieved(September 23,2009).In this letter,a 127-element adaptive optical system for 1.8-m telescope is described briefly.Moreover,star observation results in the first run are reported.Results show that the angular resolution of the system after adaptive optics correction can attain 0.1 arcsec,which approaches the diffraction limit of 1.8-m telescope at 700-900 nm band. 相似文献
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扩大光学系统焦深范围的光学成象新技术研究 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0
如何增大非相干光学系统的焦深已成为一项有意义的研究主题.对于普通光学系统,其焦深与光学系统的相对孔径平方成反比.为了增大焦深,通常的做法是缩小相对孔径,但这种做法有其缺点:会降低光学系统的光通量及调制传递函数(MTF)和分辨率.本文提出了一种新方法,通过在光学系统光路中加入一特殊设计的非球面掩模板,并用图象处理技术对相位掩模板编码后的图象进行解码得到清晰图象.保证了光学系统在维持原有相对孔径的同时扩大其焦深范围,使光学系统在离焦范围内有好的成象质量. 相似文献
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We recently introduced matched filtering in the context of astronomical Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensing with elongated sodium laser beacons [Appl. Opt. 45, 6568 (2006)]. Detailed wave optics Monte Carlo simulations implementing this technique for the Thirty Meter Telescope dual conjugate adaptive optics system have, however, revealed frequent bursts of degraded closed loop residual wavefront error [Proc. SPIE 6272, 627236 (2006)]. The origin of this problem is shown to be related to laser guide star jitter on the sky that kicks the filter out of its linear dynamic range, which leads to bursts of nonlinearities that are reconstructed into higher-order wavefront aberrations, particularly coma and trifoil for radially elongated subaperture spots. An elegant reformulation of the algorithm is proposed to extend its dynamic range using a set of linear constraints while preserving its improved noise rejection and Monte Carlo performance results are reported that confirm the benefits of the method. 相似文献
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为了提高成像系统的分辨能力, 并尽量减小系统的复杂度, 本文将相位差波前探测技术和相位差图像恢复技术结合起来构成相位差混合处理方法, 给出了点目标和扩展目标情况下混合处理方法的数值仿真结果, 并针对点目标情况进行了实验验证. 实验表明, 在像差较大的情况下, 直接用事后处理方法无法得到满意的结果. 在三种湍流强度下, 经混合方法处理后得到光斑的半高宽分别由自适应光学系统校正后的5.1, 5.1和5.0个像素减小到3.3, 3.2和3.0个像素. 可以看出, 利用相位差混合处理方法得到的图像明显优于单独的事后图像处理方法和自适应光学校正, 相位差混合处理方法在高分辨力成像领域有着巨大的应用潜力. 相似文献