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Mn^3+引发淀粉与丙烯腈接枝共聚物的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
用过渡金属离子或其配合物引发淀粉的接枝共聚是一个饶有兴趣的课题。Ce~(4 )离子引发淀粉与烯类单体的接枝共聚已有广泛报道。Mehrotra等用稳定的[Mn(H_2P_2O_7)_3]~(3-)引发淀粉与烯类单体的接枝共聚取得了满意的结果。本文报道用电镜,x-射线衍射和热重分析等方法对这一接枝共聚物的形态、结构和热稳定性的研究结果。 相似文献
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<正> 六十年代以来,苏联发表了一系列文献,涉及乙烯基单体与腐植酸聚合制造土壤改良剂和钻井泥浆处理剂,但就一些基本问题未见阐述,诸如:(1)腐植酸中的多官能及含有的自由基对烯类单体自由基聚合的影响;(2)腐植酸与单体的接枝效率及腐植酸与单体接枝聚合机理;(3)接枝共聚物与共混物在性能上的差异,本文针对上述第一个问题进行了研究。采用膨胀计法研究了在不同类型煤炭腐植酸存在下,过硫酸钾引发丙烯酰胺溶液的聚合反应动力学。 相似文献
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以紫外吸收光谱和荧光发射光谱为手段,研究了阳离子单体丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(DAC)与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)之间的相互作用。采用表面引发接枝聚合法制备了接枝微粒SiO2-g-PDAC,探索研究了接枝大分子PDAC与BSA之间的相互作用及作用机理。研究结果表明:在水溶液中,单体DAC与BSA之间可产生强静电相互作用,凭借此强次价键力,单体DAC与BSA可形成主-客体复合物,且在中性溶液中,单体DAC与BSA之间的静电相互作用最强。接枝大分子PDAC与BSA之间也具有强静电相互作用,接枝微粒SiO2-g-PDAC对BSA可产生强吸附作用。当介质的pH在BSA的等电点(4.7)附近时,接枝微粒对BSA的吸附容量最大;升高温度不利于主-客体之间的静电相互作用,接枝微粒对BSA的吸附容量随温度升高而降低。 相似文献
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预辐照聚乙烯醇纤维与N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酸酰胺的接枝、交联 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在缓冲溶液和亚铁离子存在下 ,辐照后的聚乙烯醇 ( PVA)纤维和 N ,N -亚甲基双丙烯酸酰胺 ( N ,N -MBAA)发生接枝、交联反应 .研究了单体浓度、单体和聚合物质量比、亚铁离子浓度、p H值、温度、时间对接枝率的影响 .结果表明 ,适合于提高 PVA纤维的耐热软化点的接枝率为 1 5 %~ 2 0 % ,较佳的工艺条件为 :亚铁离子浓度为 0 .0 0 1 mol/L ,单体浓度大于 2 .5 g/d L,单体和聚合物的质量比 ( m ( N ,N -MBAA) /m( PVA) )大于 0 .4 ,p H值 3.4 ,接枝温度 80℃ ,接枝反应时间 1 5~ 30 min. 相似文献
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通过化学引发接枝的方法,以含季铵基的烯类单体接枝羊毛纤维,制备了一类抗菌羊毛纤维。探讨了反应体系pH值、引发剂浓度、反应时间、温度、单体浓度和浴比等因素对羊毛纤维接枝率的影响,并优化了接枝工艺。其中,单体浓度、化学引发剂过氧化氢与抗坏血酸的浓度是影响羊毛纤维接枝率的关键因素。高单体浓度在增大接枝率的同时,还形成了大量的均聚物;而高过氧化氢浓度在促进接枝的同时,会造成了羊毛纤维的降解。接枝羊毛纤维的抗菌性能及耐洗涤性能测试表明,接枝率大于4%的羊毛纤维具有良好的抗菌性能,对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白色念珠菌的抗菌率均大于99.9%;抗菌羊毛纤维经20次洗涤后,仍能保持良好的抗菌性能。 相似文献
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乙酰丙酮铜(Ⅱ)引发淀粉与甲基丙烯酸甲酯接枝共聚合的研究 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5
<正> 淀粉与丙烯酸酯类单体的接枝共聚物有可能作为生物降解塑料,而被应用于农业、医药及食品等各个方面。因此寻求价廉、高效的引发剂,以用于引发淀粉与烯类单体的接枝共聚,已引起了人们的极大兴趣。 过渡金属离子与β二酮的配合物,如乙酰丙酮铁(Ⅲ)、乙酰丙酮锰(Ⅲ)、乙酰丙酮铜(Ⅱ)等是一类引起注目的新型引发剂,已在羊毛、蚕丝、纤维素等天然大分 相似文献
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电子束引发苯乙烯在PVA无纺布上的接枝共聚反应 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
研究了用电子束预辐照的PVA无纺布引发苯乙烯溶液接枝共聚时有机溶剂、单体浓度、反应温度、时间、莫尔盐用量等各种因素对接枝率和接枝效率的影响。 相似文献
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采用乙烯配位聚合和巯基-烯点击化学相结合的方法制备了羟基封端的线性聚乙烯,末端羟基含量接近100%;利用酰氯与羟基的高效反应,将羟基封端的聚乙烯转化为降冰片烯封端的聚乙烯大单体(PE-NB).使用Grubbs II代催化剂,将大分子单体与降冰片烯(NB)单体进行开环易位共聚,通过调整单体的投料比和加料方式制备了分子量和组成可控的聚降冰片烯-g-聚乙烯(PNB-g-PE)接枝共聚物.其中,无规共聚时,大单体的转化率接近100%,所得无规接枝共聚物的重均分子量为1.79×10~4~3.14×10~4,分子量分布指数为2.09~2.60,聚乙烯链段的质量分数为4.6%~16.8%;而嵌段共聚时,由于空间位阻原因,大单体的转化率约为80%.热分析研究发现,由于空间位阻,接枝共聚物的结晶度较聚乙烯前驱体略有下降,且接枝度越大,结晶能力下降得越多. 相似文献
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在前文研究聚乙烯醇(PVA)对丙烯酰胺聚合反应效应的基础上,本文进一步研究了PVA对N-取代丙烯酰胺衍生物聚合反应的影响。发现PVA对N-甲基丙烯酰胺的聚合反应亦有减速作用,且减速程度与添加的PVA量间有一定量关系。而PVA对N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺的聚合反应就无此效应。为考察PVA同丙烯酰胺AM类单体间的相互作用,进行了粘度测定,并采用(化学电离)质谱的方法证实了AM及N-甲基丙烯酰胺同1,3-丙二醇间所存在的分子缔合作用。对缔合物的形或模式进行了探讨。 相似文献
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《高分子科学杂志,A辑:纯化学与应用化学》2013,50(12):1601-1615
The effect of organized surfactants on the kinetics of acrylamide (AM) polymerization have been studied over a temperature range of 25–45°C using Cr (VI)-cyclohexanone (CH) redox system as initiator. The rate of polymerization, Rp(obs), as well as, the percentage of the monomer conversio were found to be increased with increasing the concentration of the anionic surfactant (SDS), above its CMC. But the cationic surfactant (CTAB) reduced the rate considerably at higher concentration, while non-ionic surfactant (TX-100) played no role on the rate. The effect of [Cr(VI)], [CH], [AM], [H+], and ionic strength on the rates have also been examined. The presence of 0.015M SDS decreased the overall activation energy of the polymerization by 6.28 k.Cal/ mole as compared to that in the absence of a surfactant. On increasing the SDS concentration, the viscosity average molecular weight was also found to increase. For the polymerization process, a mutable mechanistic scheme has been pro-posed. 相似文献
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聚烯丙基氯化铵模板存在下丙烯酰胺-丙烯酸共聚合反应动力学研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
丙烯酰胺 (AM)和丙烯酸 (AA)模板共聚合是以聚烯丙基氯化铵 (PAAC)模板存在下 ,在水溶液中进行 ,在这体系中 ,模板PAAC和单体AA有很强的相互作用 ,而单体AM与模板则没有作用 .应用膨胀计和电导滴定方法研究了影响聚合反应速度的各种因素 ,得到的结果指出 ,在聚烯丙基铵模板作用下共聚合反应遵循Ⅰ型 (zip)模板聚合反应机制 ,速度最高值出现在模板单元T与单体AA等摩尔比 (T AA =1)处 ,这表明在反应溶液中PAAC和单体AA具有很强的相互作用 .测得它们的竞聚率分别为r1 =2 6 8(AA)和r2 =0 4 4 (AM) ,与没有模板存在时相比 ,大幅度增高的r1 值表明此共聚合反应 ,生成AA长序列结构的可能性大大增加 .同时发现聚合反应速度分别和单体浓度及引发剂浓度的 1 1和 0 83次方成正比 ,由于模板的作用数值高于常规值 . 相似文献
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Preparation of macroporous hydrophobic materials filled with aligned porous hydrophilic domain via emulsion‐templated and unidirectional freezing technique
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A new class of porous materials, having hydrophobic scaffold embedded with aligned porous hydrophilic domains, was in situ fabricated through combination of emulsion‐templated method and unidirectional freezing technique. A water‐in‐oil high internal phase emulsion (HIPE) was prepared with the mixture of styrene and divinylbenzene as continuous phase and a poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) aqueous solution as dispersed phase. After polymerization of the continuous phase and subsequently unidirectional freezing, the dispersed phase, a macroporous poly(styrene/divinylbenzene) embedded with an aligned PVA domain, was obtained. The effects of the polymerization temperature, PVA concentration, and freezing rate on these porous materials were investigated. It was found that the PVA domain size and the aligned channel size were dependent on the polymerization temperature, the PVA concentration, and freezing rate. The fabrication method in this work, combining of unidirectional freezing and emulsion template, not only allows to prepare hydrophobic–hydrophilic polyHIPEs having a sea island structure but also dramatically improves the stiffness and specific surface area of the resulting polyHIPEs. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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The effect of polystyrene sulfonic acid (PSSA) macromolecules on the polymerization of acrylamide (AM) has been studied. It was found that the rates of polymerization of AM were greatly increased in the presence of PSSA in the polymerization system.The maximum value of the rate of polymerization of AM was obtained when the ratio of [—SO_3H]: [AM] reached 3:1. When the insoluble crosslinked PSSA was used instead of the soluble one, this effect decreased considerably. The interaction between molecules of PSSA and AM was determined by infrared spectroscopy, elementary analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The combination form, —SO_3-NH_3~ CO—, formed between sulfonic group and amide group was found to be existed since the infrared absorption band of —NH_2 shifted from 3400cm~(-1) to 3150 cm~(-1), the binding energy of electron N_(18) changed from 399.7 eV to 401.3 eV, and the atomic ratio of N to S of the products was similar to the ratio of reagents. Based on these experimental results, the mechanism of AM polymerization in the presence of PSSA is proposed. The initial step is the combination of AM with sulfonic group to form —CONH_3~ , then followed by polymerization on the PSSA macromolecule. The role of PSSA on the polymerization of AM is discussed. 相似文献
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无乳化剂乳液聚合制备高分子量聚乙烯醇 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过无乳化剂乳液聚合方法, 采用氧化还原引发体系制备了超高分子量的聚醋酸乙烯酯(PVAc), 继而醇解为超高分子量的聚乙烯醇(PVA). 研究了聚合温度、引发剂浓度、单体转化率对PVA的分子量和分子结构的影响. 探讨了线性高分子量PVA结构的控制方法. 结果表明, 利用无乳化剂乳液聚合可以实现在室温(14~20 ℃)制备出聚合度为9899的高分子量的PVA, 聚合过程对PVA的分子量和结构均有显著的影响. 在无乳化剂乳液聚合恒速聚合区得到的聚合物分子量较高, 分子量分布窄, 且结构比较规整, 而在加速区, PVAc的支化和交联现象显著, 最终会对PVA的线性程度产生很大影响. 因此, 可以通过聚合过程来控制PVA的分子量和链结构. 相似文献
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Study on superabsorbent of maleic anhydride/acrylamide semi‐interpenetrated with poly(vinyl alcohol)
A series of superabsorbents of maleic anhydride (MAH)/acrylamide (AM) interpenetrated with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) were prepared by aqueous polymerization, using N,N‐methylenebiacrylamide (NNMBA) as a crosslinker and ammonium persulfate (APS) as an initiator. The samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The effects of reaction variables on the water absorbency of the superabsorbents in distilled water and in 0.9 wt% NaCl solution were investigated. In addition, the effect of the PVA content on the swelling rate and sensitivity to saline of the superabsorbents were also investigated. The results showed that the absorbency, both in 0.9 wt% NaCl solution and in distilled water, first decreased and then increased with increasing PVA content. Moreover, the resultant superabsorbent had a higher absorption rate and it became less sensitive to saline by incorporating certain amount of PVA into the network of the hydrogel. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献