5d电子掺杂的SmFe_(1-x)Ir_xAsO铁基超导体的合成及物性

通过在SmFeAsO中Fe位上掺入5d过渡金属Ir,得到了一种新的铁基超导体SmFe1-xIrxAsO,当x=0.05时,样品表现出超导电性,超导转变温度为8K,当x=0.15时,超导转变温度达到最大值17.3K.X射线衍射结果表明所有样品均属四方ZrCuSiAs-type结构,SEM结果表明SmFe1-xIrxAsO样品具有片层状形貌特征.随着Ir掺杂量的增大,晶格参数a增大而c减小,结合EDX数据,表明Ir掺入了SmFeAsO晶格当中.     

YBa_2(Cu_(1-x)Fe_x)_3O_(7-δ)超导体结构相变及其超导电性的研究

我们对YBa_2(Cu_(1-x)Fe_x)_3O_(7-δ)(0≤x≤0.07)超导体的结构相变与超导电性进行了系统研究。x射线衍射分析表明样品在x≈0.04时存在一个从正交晶到四方晶的结构相变过程,原胞体积随铁的组分增加而变大。R-T曲线测量得到零电阻温度随铁组分的增加迅速下降到液氮温度以下,零电阻温度T_c(O)随x增大而减小且在结构相变点没有突变。微结构分析表明从正交晶到四方晶的相变过程伴随着孪晶现象的消失。     

铁基铁磁超导体

超导电性与铁磁长程序是两个“敌对”的物质状态。长期以来,探索超导与铁磁共存是十分耐人寻味的课题。文章在回顾半个多世纪以来该课题主要进展的基础上,重点介绍了作者近年来对新型铁基铁磁超导体的发现和发展,最后对这类新材料的进一步研究进行了展望。     

铁基铁磁超导体

超导电性与铁磁长程序是两个"敌对"的物质状态。长期以来,探索超导与铁磁共存是十分耐人寻味的课题。文章在回顾半个多世纪以来该课题主要进展的基础上,重点介绍了作者近年来对新型铁基铁磁超导体的发现和发展,最后对这类新材料的进一步研究进行了展望。     

YBa_2Cu_(3-x)Sn_xO_(7-y)体系的结构及超导电性

本文系统地研究了 Sn 含量对 YBa_2Cu_(3-x)Sn_xO_(7-y)体系超导电性和结构的影响.结果发现,在 x=0—1.1范围,该体系的零电阻温度均在90K 以上.当 x≥1.3时,在液氮温区不超导.X 射线衍射分析表明,该体系中的123相和未知新相的结构随 Sn 含量的增大呈现有规律的变化.结合透射电镜的分析,初步得出此新相可能是结构畸变了的 BaSnO_3;123相中,当x=1.0时,在123相中约有0.2个 Cu 被取代.占 Cu 总量的6%左右.由此我们认为:Sn替代 Cu 后新生成的相在较宽广的组分范围调制了123相的结构,稳定了123相.少量的 Sn进入123相后,替代了 Cu-O 链中 Cu 的格位,破坏了 Cu-O 链,但仍保持90K 以上的超导性,由此表明 Cu-O 链对高温超导可能不起主要作用.     

GdBa_2Cu_(3-x)CO_xO_y、NdBa_2Cu_(3-x)CO_xO_y 的超导电性

采用固相反应法制备了单相元素替代超导氧化物系列 GdBa_2Cu_(3-x)Co_xO_y,NdBa_2Cu_(3-x)Co_xO_y对这些样品的晶格常数和电阻-温度关系进行了测量,发现随掺杂量 x 的增加,①两系列样品均呈现出金属-半导体转变;②NdBa_2Cu_(3-x)Co_xO_y 出现一从正交到四方的结构相变,并且在发生该相变之前,超导电性已消失;③GdBa_2Cu_(3-x)Co_xO_y 的 T_c(x)随 x 变化近似成线性关系.取适当的 x_(cr),与 AG 曲线比较,发现在高含量区出现偏差.将本实验结果与 YBa_2Cu_(3-x)Co_xO_(7-δ)、YBa_2Cu_(3-x)Fe_xO_(7-δ),YBa_2Cu_(3-x)Ni_xO_(7-δ),GdBa_2Cu_(3-x)Fe_xO_(7-δ)等系列相应的结果作比较,认为磁性稀土元素与固有磁矩较大的过渡元素间很可能存在某种磁相互作用.同时还讨论了其它可能的拆对机制.     

利用中子散射研究铁基超导体的磁结构

铁基超导材料的高温超导电性发生在反铁磁不稳定的区域,因此其母体的磁结构获得了广泛而深入的研究。文章简要综述了中子散射对铁基超导体磁结构的研究结果,主要按FeAs基和FeSe基两类材料进行介绍。另外,文章还介绍了掺杂导致超导时对一些体系的反铁磁序的影响。     

利用中子散射研究铁基超导体的磁结构

铁基超导材料的高温超导电性发生在反铁磁不稳定的区域,因此其母体的磁结构获得了广泛而深入的研究。文章简要综述了中子散射对铁基超导体磁结构的研究结果,主要按FeAs基和FeSe基两类材料进行介绍。另外,文章还介绍了掺杂导致超导时对一些体系的反铁磁序的影响。     

铁基超导体的微结构和结构相变研究

铁基超导体表现出丰富的结构和物理性质,在多个典型体系中存在着结构相变和多重有序态之间的关联与竞争. 例如,母相化合物LaFeAsO在150K附近发生从四方相(P4/nmm)到正交相(Cmma)的结构相变,同时其电输运性质和磁化率也表现出明显的反常行为. 微结构分析发现,在CaFe2As2 样品中,存在准周期调制结构,而且在低温区,122体系存在丰富的孪晶畴结构,这种孪晶结构是结构相变的直接结果. 另外,在超导材料KxFe2-ySe2 （0.7≤x≤0.8, 0.2≤y≤0.4）中,Fe空位有序态和结构相分离是理解其结构,也是理解其磁性和输运性质的关键问题,特别是沿［130］晶体带轴方向的5倍超结构与系统的超导电性存在密切关系.     

铁基超导体的微结构和结构相变研究

铁基超导体表现出丰富的结构和物理性质,在多个典型体系中存在着结构相变和多重有序态之间的关联与竞争.例如,母相化合物LaFeAsO在150K附近发生从四方相（P4/nmm）到正交相（Cmma）的结构相变,同时其电输运性质和磁化率也表现出明显的反常行为.微结构分析发现,在CaFe2As2样品中,存在准周期调制结构,而且在低温区,122体系存在丰富的孪晶畴结构,这种孪晶结构是结构相变的直接结果.另外,在超导材料KxFe2-ySe2（0.7≤x≤0.8,0.2≤y≤0.4）中,Fe空位有序态和结构相分离是理解其结构,也是理解其磁性和输运性质的关键问题,特别是沿[130]晶体带轴方向的5倍超结构与系统的超导电性存在密切关系.     

Electronic phase diagram of NaFe_(1-x)Co_xAs investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy

Our recent scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) studies of the NaFe1-xCoxAs phase diagram over a wide range of dopings and temperatures are reviewed. Similar to the high-T c cuprates, the iron-based superconductors lie in close proximity to a magnetically ordered phase. Therefore, it is widely believed that magnetic interactions or fluctuations play an important role in triggering their Cooper pairings. Among the key issues regarding the electronic phase diagram are the properties of the parent spin density wave (SDW) phase and the superconducting (SC) phase, as well as the interplay between them. The NaFe1-xCoxAs is an ideal system for resolving these issues due to its rich electronic phases and the charge-neutral cleaved surface. In our recent work, we directly observed the SDW gap in the parent state, and it exhibits unconventional features that are incompatible with the simple Fermi surface nesting picture. The optimally doped sample has a single SC gap, but in the underdoped regime we directly viewed the microscopic coexistence of the SDW and SC orders, which compete with each other. In the overdoped regime we observed a novel pseudogap-like feature that coexists with superconductivity in the ground state, persists well into the normal state, and shows great spatial variations. The rich electronic structures across the phase diagram of NaFe1-xCoxAs revealed here shed important new light for defining microscopic models of the iron-based superconductors. In particular, we argue that both the itinerant electrons and local moments should be considered on an equal footing in a realistic model.     

La1-x／2Pr1-x／2SrxCuO4的电输运性质和超导电性

La1-x/2Pr1-x/2SrxCuOy(LPSCO)多晶样品采用传统的固相反应法制备.X射线衍射表明:LPSCO具有典型的空穴搀杂的T-214相的结构.磁化率测量显示:Sr搀杂在0.05≤x≤0.30范围内具有超导转变;Tc随x的增大呈抛物线形式变化,且在x=0.18时达到最大值28K.电阻的测量显示:随搀杂量的增大,系统呈现从绝缘到半导体,最后到金属的导电行为的变化;在欠掺杂区,正常态电阻温度关系符合ρ(T)=ρ0 αT-ClnT;而在过掺杂区,对数项消失.本文从替代所引起的晶体结构和载流子特性变化解释了Sr掺杂样品的电输运行为和超导特性.     

Evolution of the 128-cm-1 Raman phonon mode with temperature in Ba(Fe1-xCox)2As 2 (x = 0.065 and 0.2)

We report electronic Raman scattering measurements on Ba(Fei_1-xCo_x)₂As₂（x = 0.065 and 0.2） single crystals with Raman shifts from 9 cm^-1 up to 600 cm^-1 in the symmetry of B_lg with respect to 1 Fe unit cell.When the crystals are cooled down,the evident quasielastic peaks of Raman spectra occur only in the crystal with x = 0.065,which is due to the contribution of orbital ordering between xz and yz Fe 3d orbitals,as we reported in another work.Here,we analyze the E_g phonon at 128 cm^-1,which has the same function form of its Raman tensors as those of xz and yz Fe 3d orbitals in these two crystals respectively.Unlike their electronic continuums,no anomalies are found in the E_g phonons of these two samples,which simply follows the expressions corresponding to the anharmonic phonon decay into acoustic phonons with the same frequencies and opposite momenta.Our results indicate that the structural and magnetic phase transition might be completely suppressed by chemical doping and there is not any indication of coupling between charge nematicity and E_g phonon mode from our experimental results,which is consistent with the results in our previous work.     

Mn掺杂对La_(0.925)Pr_(0.925)Sr_(0.15)CuO_4磁性和超导电性的影响

La0.925Pr0.925Sr0.15Cu1-xMnxO4+y(LPSCMO)多晶样品采用传统的固相反应法制备.X射线衍射表明:LP-SCMO具有典型的空穴搀杂的T-214相的结构.磁化率测量显示:Mn掺杂在x≤0.05范围内具有超导转变;Tc随x的增大逐渐减小.对x≥0.10的样品,在低温区(大约10K)存在反铁磁转变,并且转变温度变化不大.对于x≥0.15的样品,在220K附近存在类似巨磁阻材料的铁磁性转变,并对其产生的机理进行了分析.     

Superconductivity at 36 K in gadolinium-arsenide oxides GdO<Subscript>1−<Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis></Subscript>F<Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis></Subscript>FeAs

In this paper we report the fabrication and superconducting properties of GdO_1−x F _x FeAs. It was found that when x is equal to 0.17, GdO_0.83F_0.17FeAs is a superconductor with the onset transition temperature T _c^on ≈ 36.6 K. Resistivity anomaly near 130 K was observed for all samples up to x = 0.17, and such a phenomenon is similar to that of LaO_1−x F _x FeAs. Hall coefficient indicates that GdO_1−x F _x FeAs is conducted by electron-like charge carriers. Recommended by Prof. Nie Yuxin, Executive Editor of Science in China Series G-Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 10221002/A0402 and 10774170/A0402), the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (Grant Nos. 2006CB601000, 2006CB921107 and 2006CB921802), and the Chinese Academy of Sciences (ITSNEM)     

Optical conductivity as a probe of a hidden Fermi-liquid behavior in BaFe_(1.904) Ni_(0.096) As_2

We measured the infrared reflectivity of BaFe1.904Ni0.096As2 single crystal from room temperature down to 20 K.Two Drude terms and a Lorentz term well describe the real part of the optical conductivity σ1(ω). We fit the reciprocal of static optical conductivity 1/σ1(0) by the power law ρ(T)=ρ0+ATnwith n=1.6. The broad Drude component exhibits an incoherent background with a T-independent scattering rate 1/τb, while the other narrow one reveals a T-quadratic scattering rate 1/τn, indicating a hidden Fermi-liquid behavior in BaFe1.904Ni0.096As2 compound.     

In-plane optical spectral weight redistribution in the optimally doped Ba_(0.6)K_(0.4)Fe_2As_2 superconductor

We performed detailed temperature-dependent optical measurements on optimally doped Ba0.6K0.4Fe2As2 single crystal, We examine the changes of the in-plane optical conductivity spectral weight in the normal state and the evolution of the superconducting condensate in the superconducting state. In the normal state, the low-frequency spectral weight shows a metallic response with an arctan （T） dependence, indicating a T-linear scattering rate behavior for the carriers. A high energy spectral weight transfer associated with the Hund＇s coupling occurs from the low frequencies below 4000 cm^-1 5000 cm^-1 to higher frequencies up to at least 104 cm^-1. Its temperature dependence analysis suggests that the Hund＇s coupling strength is continuously enhanced as the temperature is reduced. In the superconducting state, the FGT sum rule is conserved according to the spectral weight estimation within the conduction bands, only about 40% of the conduction bands participates in the superconducting condensate indicating that Ba0.6K0.4Fe2As2 is in dirty limit.     

PREPARATION,SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND STRUCTURE OF THE LaBaCaCu3O7-x SUPERCONDUCTORS WITH Tc HIGHER THAN 80 K

In this paper, the preparation process of the tetragonal LaBaCaCu₃O_7-x (LBCCO) superconductor with T_c=84 K is repored. The superconductivity and structure of the LBCCO superconducting phase are investigated by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope(TEM) and superconductivity measurements, The results indicate that the superconducting phase with T_c=82K in the LBCCO system has a tetragonal structure with a=0.3966nm, c=l.1838nm and space group P4/mmm. About 50% of the Ca and La atoms are located in 1d sites (i.e. Y site in the YBCO structure). It is confirmed that there is in fact no orthorhombic to tetragonal transition in this material. The relationship between the oxygen content and T_c is also presented.     

新型交生结构自掺杂铁基超导体

铁基高温超导体的基本结构单元是反萤石型Fe₂X₂层（X为磷族或硫族元素）,因此,设计具有Fe₂X₂层的新化合物成为探索铁基超导材料的有效途径.本文在回顾铁基超导体结构特征和基本结构类型的基础上,归纳总结了铁基超导体块层结构设计的基本原则;着重介绍迄今发现的几类具有层状交生（intergrowth）结构的新型自掺杂铁基超导材料.