头发中内源性类固醇激素的气相色谱-串联质谱分析

建立了建康人头发中内源性类固醇兴奋剂睾酮、表睾酮、雄酮、苯胆烷醇酮和脱氢表雄酮的气相色谱-串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)分析方法。头发经碱水解后,以乙醚提取,经衍生化后采用GC-MS/MS的多反应监测模式(MRM)分析。方法的线性关系良好,检出限达0.1～0.2 pg/mg;提取回收率为74.6%～104.5%;日内测定的准确度为90.1%～113.7%,日内及日间测定的精密度均小于17.5%。应用所建立的方法测定了80例中国健康人头发中睾酮、表睾酮、雄酮、苯胆烷醇酮和脱氢表雄酮的生理水平,为内源性类固醇兴奋剂滥用的判断提供了方法和基础数据。     

改进的QuEChERS方法结合气相色谱串联质谱检测韭菜中的多种农药残留

采用改进的Qu ECh ERS方法结合气相色谱串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)检测韭菜中的多种农药残留。样品经含1%乙酸的乙腈匀质提取,采用分散固相萃取剂净化,在GC-MS/MS多反应监测(MRM)模式下进行测定。对Qu ECh ERS方法的提取和净化条件进行了优化。在优化条件下,44种农药残留在10~500μg/kg范围内呈良好线性关系,相关系数的平方(R~2)在0.9971~0.9999之间。在10μg/kg和100μg/kg添加水平下,44种农药的平均回收率为91.5%~119.6%,日内日间相对标准偏差小于14.1%。将所建立的方法用于实际样品的分析中,取得了较好的效果。     

氟化衍生-固相萃取对水中痕量膦酸的GC-MS检测EI北大核心CSCD

针对水中痕量(<1 mg/L)甲基膦酸类化合物进行了GC-MS定性分析检测研究。建立了固相萃取结合氟化物衍生的方法进行样品制备。采用600MHz核磁对氟化物衍生效率进行分析,衍生效率大于99%。采用气相色谱-电子轰击电离质谱(GC-EI/MS)、气相色谱-化学源负电离质谱(GC-NCI/MS)以及气相色谱-选择离子扫描质谱(GC-SIM-MS)分析方法对5种标准物质沙林、梭曼原体以及甲基膦酸异丙酯、甲基膦酸乙酯、甲基膦酸的衍生化产物进行了分析,检出限分别为10,50,0.2,0.1,0.05μg/L,方法的相对标准偏差小于7%。     

气相色谱/质谱联用测定大鼠脑部的神经甾体

应用气相色谱 质谱联用技术建立了大鼠脑部神经甾体的测定方法。游离型甾体和甾体硫酸酯分两步萃取。第一步用乙酸乙酯提取游离型甾体,第二步用氯仿/2 丁醇提取甾体硫酸酯,然后经固相萃取纯化。甾体硫酸酯进行溶剂解形成游离型甾体。游离型甾体和甾体硫酸酯分别经七氟丁酸酐衍生化后进行气相色谱 质谱分析。经初步研究雄性大鼠脑部游离型神经甾体孕烯醇酮(PREG)、黄体酮(PROG)、别孕烯醇酮(AP)和脱氢表雄酮(DHEA)的含量分别为（8.53±1.11） ng/g ,（ 7.01±2.60） ng/g ,（ 1.     

氟化衍生-固相萃取对水中痕量膦酸的GC-MS检测

针对水中痕量(1 mg/L)甲基膦酸类化合物进行了GC-MS定性分析检测研究。建立了固相萃取结合氟化物衍生的方法进行样品制备。采用600MHz核磁对氟化物衍生效率进行分析,衍生效率大于99%。采用气相色谱-电子轰击电离质谱(GC-EI/MS)、气相色谱-化学源负电离质谱(GC-NCI/MS)以及气相色谱-选择离子扫描质谱(GC-SIM-MS)分析方法对5种标准物质沙林、梭曼原体以及甲基膦酸异丙酯、甲基膦酸乙酯、甲基膦酸的衍生化产物进行了分析,检出限分别为10,50,0.2,0.1,0.05μg/L,方法的相对标准偏差小于7%。     

液相色谱同位素稀释串联质谱法测定人血清中17β-雌二醇含量

研究建立了以人血清中E2-16,16,17-d3为内标测定17β-雌二醇的液相色谱/串联质谱(ID-LC/MS/MS)方法。血清样品经固相萃取装置(SPE)提取雌二醇,乙酸乙酯萃取净化,吹干复溶后用10-乙基吖啶酮-2-磺酰氯(EASC)进行衍生。以Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18色谱分离柱,乙腈、水梯度洗脱,使用电喷雾三重四极杆串联质谱的多重反应监测模式测定,以校准曲线法进行定量。所建立的液相色谱同位素稀释串联质谱法(ID-LC/MS/MS)对于分析血清17β-雌二醇的批内、批间RSD分别为0.29%～0.73%和0.18%～0.28%,回收率为99.6%～100.2%,采用IFCC RELA比对(JCTLM比对)样品进行了方法比较,测定结果与其他实验室相比偏差在0.8%范围内。方法可作为人血清中17β-雌二醇含量测量参考方法。     

利用GC/MRM检测去势大鼠前列腺中睾酮、双氢睾酮和脱氢表雄酮

建立了一种分析睾酮、双氢睾酮及脱氢表雄酮的GC/MRM 方法. 该方法回收率高, 灵敏度好, 对样品需求小, 已运用于研究去势大鼠前列腺中各种雄激素含量的变化. 以去势大鼠为模型, 对去势后3个月内其前列腺内雄激素含量的变化进行检测分析. 去势后, 大鼠前列腺中雄激素含量经过2个月的平台后, 至术后3个月出现明显降低. 而抑制5α还原酶药物的作用, 术后2个月时能明显改变前列腺中激素含量水平.     

液相色谱串联质谱法测定动物源性食品中硝呋烯腙的残留量

利用液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-ESI-MS/MS)测定动物源性食品中的硝呋烯腙残留量。通过实验,对样品前处理及仪器检测条件进行了优化。样品经提取和固相萃取净化后,采用HPLC-ESI-MS/MS进行检测,在多反应监测模式(MRM)下,外标法定量。方法的检出限为2.0μg/kg,在1.0～100.0μg/L范围内线性关系良好(相关系数r>0.99),平均添加回收率为66%～82%。     

固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定利多卡因代谢物单乙基甘氨酰二甲苯胺的血药浓度

建立了固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)测定利多卡因代谢物单乙基甘氨酰二甲苯胺(MEGX)血药浓度的方法。血清中的MEGX采用固相萃取小柱萃取、GC-MS测定。色谱条件为：HP-5MS毛细管柱(15 m×0.25 mm×0.1 μm),初始柱温100 ℃,保持1 min后以40 ℃/min速率升温至200 ℃,保持0.5 min;进样口温度250 ℃;分流进样,分流比1∶1,进样量2 μL;载气为氦气,流量为1.0 mL/min。质谱条件为:离子源温度230 ℃,电子轰击电离,电子能量70 eV,选择离子检测（m/z 58(MEGX)、 m/z 86(普鲁卡因,内标)）。结果表明,MEGX在血清中的浓度在1.562～25 ng/mL范围内的线性关系良好,相关系数0.9981,最低检测限为0.5 ng/mL,不同浓度MEGX的萃取回收率在80.1%～85.7%之间。实验证明该方法快速、准确,选择性好,灵敏度高,适合用于血清中微量MEGX的测定。     

亚临界1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定鱼肉中6种性激素残留

利用亚临界1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷(R134a)萃取技术,建立了鱼肉中6种性激素残留的气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)分析方法。样品中的药物经过亚临界R134a萃取后,先进行冷冻过滤去脂,然后通过C18和NH2固相萃取小柱净化,最后经七氟丁酸酐衍生后,采用GC-MS进行定性与定量分析。本实验确定了亚临界R134a萃取6种性激素的最佳条件为:萃取压力4 MPa,萃取温度30℃,夹带剂用量6 mL。在此条件下,6种性激素在5~1000μg/L浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.99;检出限为0.2~1μg/kg(S/N=3)。在3种浓度添加水平(1,5和10μg/kg)下,6种激素的平均回收率为70.5%~103.6%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.1%~12.5%。采用本方法进行实际样品检测时,在一份罗非鱼样品中检出己烯雌酚残留,残留量为14.6μg/kg。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.