一种反相毛细管液相色谱整体柱的制备方法及其色谱性能

在优化条件下成功制备了50μm、75μm、100μm和200μm等多种口径的硅胶基质毛细管液相色谱整体柱,克服了文献报道中常见的开裂、重现性差等缺点。考察了柱压降与流速的关系,以多环芳烃系列化合物评价了自制的C18硅胶基质毛细管液相色谱整体柱的色谱性能,在以甲醇-水为流动相的反相色谱条件下,5种化合物(苯、萘、联萘、芴和蒽)得到了基线分离。该柱对萘的柱效达到了67000塔板/米。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测三苯乙烯基苯酚聚氧乙烯醚

建立了高效液相色谱-串联质谱检测三苯乙烯基苯酚聚氧乙烯醚(tristyrylphenol ethoxylates,TSPn EO)的分析方法,并对TSPn EO在反相色谱柱(XBridge C_(18),150 mm×2.1 mm,3.5μm)、亲水相互作用色谱柱(XBridge HILIC,150 m m×2.1 m m,3.5μm)、氨基色谱柱(XBridge Amide,150 m m×2.1 m m,3.5μm)、伪反相色谱柱(C18柱(XBridge C_(18),50 mm×2.1 mm,5μm)与硅胶柱(Nova-Pak Silica,150 mm×2.1 mm,4μm)串联)4种不同液相色谱分离模式下的分离效果进行了研究。实验比较了5 mmol/L乙酸铵水-乙腈、0.1%(v/v)甲酸水-乙腈、水-乙腈和水-甲醇4种流动相组成及3种梯度洗脱条件对分离效果和灵敏度的影响。探讨了TSPnEO在电喷雾离子(ESI)源内的离子化特征,结果表明,在ESI正离子模式下,TSPnEO在离子源内形成[M+NH4]+离子,其聚合度的分布特征符合泊松分布。利用伪反相色谱柱,水-乙腈作为流动相,实现了不同聚合度(n=5~18)TSPnEO的分离。     

基于特征肽段的液相色谱-质谱技术鉴定胶原蛋白的物种来源

建立了一种基于特征肽段的液相色谱-质谱技术鉴定胶原蛋白物种来源的方法。样品经蛋白提取,还原,烷基化,胰蛋白酶消化后,采用Eksigent C18色谱柱(75μm×150 mm,3μm)分离,用流动相0. 1%甲酸水-乙腈溶液(98∶2)和0. 1%甲酸乙腈-水溶液(98∶2)梯度洗脱,在正离子模式下,通过纳升电喷雾四极杆飞行时间质谱进行检测,数据经Protein PilotTM软件及blast分析,筛选出潜在的特征肽段。消化后的样品再采用Eclipse Plus C18色谱柱(2. 1 mm×100 mm,1. 8μm)分离,用流动相乙腈和1%甲酸水溶液梯度洗脱,在正离子模式下,通过电喷雾四极杆/线性离子阱串联质谱的多反应监测触发增强子离子扫描模式进行检测,进一步确认肽段的特异性。最终筛选并确证了3种猪源性胶原蛋白特征肽段,4种牛源性胶原蛋白特征肽段,1种羊源性胶原蛋白特征肽段。所筛选的特征肽段具有良好的耐热性,可为动物源性胶原蛋白鉴定提供一种特异性强、准确可靠的检测方法。     

反相高效液相色谱测定依替巴肽注射液中氨基酸的含量

采用异硫氰酸苯酯为柱前衍生化试剂,结合反相高效液相色谱技术,建立了定量分析依替巴肽注射液中氨基酸组分的检测方法。优化色谱条件,选用Agilent XDB-C18色谱柱(5μm,150 mm×4.6 mm),以0.1 mol/L醋酸钠(冰醋酸调至pH 6.0)-乙腈(90∶10)为流动相A,乙腈为流动相B,梯度洗脱方式,检测波长为254 nm,流速为1.0 mL/min,进样体积为5μL,柱温为30℃。结果表明,在优化条件下,各氨基酸能实现有效分离,且在1.23～3.68 mmol/L浓度范围内,各氨基酸的线性关系良好,相关系数(r)为0.999 1～0.999 6。该方法显示了良好的准确性、重复性、稳定性及选择性,能对依替巴肽注射液中的氨基酸实现准确定量分析。     

固相萃取/超高效液相色谱法测定龙胆泻肝丸中栀子苷、龙胆苦苷与黄芩苷

建立了一种快速测定龙胆泻肝丸中栀子苷、龙胆苦苷和黄芩苷3种有效成分的超高效液相色谱方法。样品经50%甲醇提取,C18固相萃取(SPE)小柱净化后,采用Ultimate XB-C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×50 mm,1.8μm)进行分离,以乙腈-0.1%磷酸溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱。考察了不同规格色谱柱、流动相梯度比例、进样体积、柱温和流速对分离效果的影响,并对SPE柱流出液的平衡体积进一步考察,在最佳分析条件下进行液相色谱分析,该方法显示了良好的线性关系(r≥0.999 8),其定量下限(LOQ)为0.24～0.44 mg/L,加标回收率为95%～99%。该方法快速、准确,可满足实际检测需要。     

柱串联色谱法高效测定茶叶中的槲皮素

为了消除常规反相液相色谱法分析槲皮素时复杂样品中的基质干扰,建立了测定茶叶中槲皮素的柱串联色谱法。柱串联技术同时发挥了两种色谱柱的柱效,改善了基质与目标物的分离问题。考察了不同的色谱柱串联模式对茶叶中槲皮素分离的影响,发现HILIC柱串联C18柱时,槲皮素色谱峰附近的基质干扰可降到最小。在该色谱柱串联模式下,进行色谱条件优化,在最佳分离条件下,测得3种茶叶中槲皮素含量分别为42,48,120μg/g,加标回收率为81.5%～111.9%,RSD为3.0%～8.5%。建立的柱串联反相色谱法可以扩展到其他复杂基质样品的分析。     

钳蝎毒中抗癫痫肽、镇痛肽和抗肿瘤肽的快速同时分离和鉴定

采用Shim-Pack WCX-1型阳离子交换高压色谱柱对中国东亚钳蝎全蝎毒进行了分离，在鉴定了其中的抗癫痫肽、镇痛肽和抗肿瘤肽活性峰的基础上，应用Shim-Pack DIOL-300型凝胶排阻高压色谱柱对它们进行了进一步分离和鉴定，可以得到较纯的3种多肽。在高压色谱所提供的全蝎毒分离信息的基础上，应用与Shim-Pack WCX-1色谱柱具有相同交换基团的、具有较大吸附容量的CM Sepharose CL-6B软胶介质在低压色谱上对全蝎毒进行了分离，并分别对其中的抗癫痫肽、镇痛肽和抗肿瘤肽进行了鉴定。     

1.2μm新型放射型核壳色谱填料在加压毛细管电色谱中的性能评价

研究制备了1.2μm放射型核壳色谱填料,并对其表面进行了键合C18的改性,通过匀浆填充法制备了总长度为350 mm(固定相有效填充长度为70 mm)、内径为100μm的毛细管色谱柱,应用加压毛细管电色谱(pCEC)法考察了硫脲和萘在该色谱柱上的分离性能,同时讨论了流动相中有机相的比例、缓冲液的浓度、pH值、线性流速及施加电压对分离度的影响。实验结果表明,该新型核壳色谱填料在乙腈水体系中分离硫脲和萘时,表现出典型的反相色谱性能,当含有10 mmol/L磷酸的70%(v/v)乙腈水溶液为流动相、缓冲液pH为7.2、施加电压为-10kV时,柱效最高;在最佳线性流速为1 mm/s时,能够在8 min内实现8种中性物质的基线分离,且峰形较好,其中二苯甲酮的柱效高达19 072块/m。该研究表明1.2μm新型放射型核壳色谱填料适用于pCEC法的分离分析。     

亲水/反相二维制备液相色谱法分离纯化络石藤中的化学成分

建立了亲水/反相二维制备液相色谱(Pre-2D-HILIC/RPLC)分离纯化络石藤中化学成分的分析方法。络石藤药材经醇提、活性炭脱色后用反相固相萃取柱除去色素和强极性物质,最终得到干燥的浅黄色粉末。一维亲水色谱选择Click XIon色谱柱(250 mm×20 mm,10μm)作为固定相,水和乙腈作为流动相,进行梯度洗脱,以紫外触发模式收集馏分,共得到15个组分。二维反相色谱选择C18色谱柱(250 mm×20 mm,5μm)作为固定相,水和乙腈作为流动相,进行梯度洗脱,最终得到14个高纯度化合物,并通过质谱和核磁共振对其进行确认。实验结果表明,该法具有良好的正交选择性,可以有效提高分离度和峰容量,对于分离络石藤等复杂样品具有重要意义。     

十八碳酰基高聚物型色谱填料的制备与用于七叶皂甙钠分离的研究

将硬脂酸酰氯化后,与粒径单分散的苯乙烯-二乙烯基苯微球进行Friedel-Crafts酰基化反应得到以聚苯乙烯为基质的十八碳酰基麦科菲高聚物型色谱填料(MKF-PS-C18),用红外光谱、担载量和酰基化前后分离性能的比较对填料进行了表征.比较了MKF-PS-C18基质与硅胶基质在有机相和水梯度条件下的色谱柱压性能.讨论了流动相中有机溶剂的种类和浓度、离子对试剂种类和固定相的担载量等色谱条件对MKF-PS-C18填料分离七叶皂甙钠的影响.结果表明:MKF-PS-C18基质具有与硅胶基质相同的优越柱压性能.MKF-PS-C18色谱柱在优化的色谱条件(流动相:A为0.1%(体积分数)三氟乙酸(TFA),B为乙腈;温度:25 ℃;流速:1.0 mL/min;紫外检测:220 nm)下,对七叶皂甙钠中4种主要活性成分具有较好的分离性能.     

多肽新药研发策略研究进展

多肽药物具有生物活性高、药用剂量小、产业化开发优势明显等诸多优点,已成为全球关注的创新药物研发热点之一.但是其代谢不稳定、半衰期短及较难通透组织屏障等缺点严重阻碍了多肽新药在临床治疗中的广泛应用.为了解决这些限制多肽药物的瓶颈,本课题组发展了一系列的改造策略.通过这些策略的应用,以期加快多肽药物临床应用的步伐.本文主要结合本课题组的工作对多肽新药创制过程中所遇到的关键问题及解决思路进行综述.     

Response of peptide intensity to concentration in ESI–MS-based proteome

High-throughput quantification with label-free methods has received considerable attention in electrospray ionization(ESI)-mass spectrometry(MS),but the manner by which MS signals respond to peptide concentration remains unclear in proteomics.We developed a new mathematical formula to describe the intrinsic log-log relationship between the MS intensity response and peptide concentration in an analytical ESI process.Experimental results showed that the calibration curve is fairly fit to the log-log formula with a linear dynamic range of approximate four to five orders of magnitude.However,we found that the ionization of analytical peptides can be severely suppressed by coexisting matrix peptides,such that the calibration curve can be poorly leveled off on both ends.Our study suggests that the interferences from coexisting matrix peptides should be reduced in the ESI process to use the log-log calibration curve successfully for the high-throughput quantification.     

Structures of the Peptide Leu-Pro-Tyr-Pro and Its Derivatives and the Nicotinamide Part of NADPH by a Semi-Empirical PM3 Method

The capability of peptides Leu-Pro-Tyr-Pro (LPYP), Leu-Pro-Tyr-Pro-Arg (LPYPR), and Ser-Pro-Tyr-Pro-Arg (SPYPR) to occupy the part of the binding site ascribed to NADPH in the active center of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme-A-reductase was analyzed using results from a semi-empirical PM3 method. The similarity of the peptide structures to NADPH was determined by comparing the relative contribution from projections of selected bond lengths in the peptides in two mutually perpendicular planes to the corresponding bond lengths in the nicotinamide part of the substrate. The correlation coefficient between the calculated average values of the relative contributions of the bonds and the inhibitory activity of these peptides is rather high (R = 0.926). This indicates that these peptides can occupy the part of the binding site for NADPH in the active center of the enzyme.__________Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 56–59, January–February, 2005.     

HF‐Free Boc Synthesis of Peptide Thioesters for Ligation and Cyclization

We have developed a convenient method for the direct synthesis of peptide thioesters, versatile intermediates for peptide ligation and cyclic peptide synthesis. The technology uses a modified Boc SPPS strategy that avoids the use of anhydrous HF. Boc in situ neutralization protocols are used in combination with Merrifield hydroxymethyl resin and TFA/TMSBr cleavage. Avoiding HF extends the scope of Boc SPPS to post‐translational modifications that are compatible with the milder cleavage conditions, demonstrated here with the synthesis of the phosphorylated protein CHK2. Peptide thioesters give easy, direct, access to cyclic peptides, illustrated by the synthesis of cyclorasin, a KRAS inhibitor.     

多肽片段连接方法及肽硫酯和肽醛的合成*

本文综述了多肽和蛋白质合成中的片段连接方法,这是近年来多肽和蛋白质合成领域中方法学上的重要进展.该方法使用非保护的多肽片段,无需酶或化学活化试剂,在缓冲溶液中能够高产率地获得多肽和蛋白质.还介绍了与多肽片段连接有关的肽硫酯和肽醛的合成方法.     

PepPro: A Nonredundant Structure Data Set for Benchmarking Peptide–Protein Computational Docking

We present a nonredundant benchmark, coined PepPro, for testing peptide–protein docking algorithms. Currently, PepPro contains 89 nonredundant experimentally determined peptide–protein complex structures, with peptide sequence lengths ranging from 5 to 30 amino acids. The benchmark covers peptides with distinct secondary structures, including helix, partial helix, a mixture of helix and β-sheet, β-sheet formed through binding, β-sheet formed through self-folding, and coil. In addition, unbound proteins' structures are provided for 58 complexes and can be used for testing the ability of a docking algorithm handling the conformational changes of proteins during the binding process. PepPro should benefit the docking community for the development and improvement of peptide docking algorithms. The benchmark is available at http://zoulab.dalton.missouri.edu/PepPro_benchmark . © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

The Synthesis of a Novel Phosphorus Containing Antigen

The hydrolysis of peptide is one of the most important chemical processes in life chemistry. It is of great significance to study catalytic antibody, which is capable of catalyzing the hydrolysis on a specific peptide bond. In recent years, we have successfully synthesized some tetrahedral geometry analogues mimicking that of the hippuryl phenylalanine 1 hydrolyzing transition state catalyzed by carboxypeptidase A(CPA)1,2, which is specific for cleavage of the C-terminal amino acid from an o…     

Current Synthetic Routes to Peptidyl Mono-Fluoromethyl Ketones (FMKs) and Their Applications

Peptidyl mono-fluoromethyl ketones (FMKs) are a class of biologically active molecules that show potential as both protease inhibitors for the treatment of a range of diseases and as chemical probes for the interrogation of cellular processes. This review describes the current solid- and solution-phase routes employed for the synthesis of peptidyl mono-FMKs. In addition, it provides a brief overview of some of the key applications of FMKs in the fields of chemical biology and medicinal chemistry.     

蛋白酶在有机合成中应用的新进展

介绍了有机溶剂中酶促反应的一些基本概念, 总结了酶促反应的发展情况, 归纳了近几年来将蛋白酶应用于有机合成的一些新策略。     

Diaminodiacid Bridges to Improve Folding and Tune the Bioactivity of Disulfide‐Rich Peptides

Disulfide‐rich peptides containing three or more disulfide bonds are promising therapeutic and diagnostic agents, but their preparation is often limited by the tedious and low‐yielding folding process. We found that a single cystine‐to‐diaminodiacid replacement could significantly increase the folding efficiency of disulfide‐rich peptides and thus improve their production yields. The practicality of this strategy was demonstrated by the synthesis and folding of derivatives of the μ‐conotoxin SIIIA, the preclinical hormone hepcidin, and the trypsin inhibitor EETI‐II. NMR and X‐ray crystallography studies confirmed that these derivatives of disulfide‐rich peptide retained the correct three‐dimensional conformations. Moreover, the cystine‐to‐diaminodiacid replacement enabled structural tuning, thereby leading to an EETI‐II derivative with higher bioactivity than the native peptide.