Regioselective Synthesis of Some New Pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidines,Pyrazolo[1,5‐a]quinazoline and Pyrimido[4′,5′:3,4]pyrazolo[1,5‐a] pyrimidines Containing Thiazole Moiety

A regioselective synthesis of novel pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidines, pyrazolo[1,5‐a]quinazoline and pyrimido[4′,5′:3,4]pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidines incorporating a thiazole moiety was described via the reactions of the versatile, readily accessible 5‐amino‐3‐(phenylamino)‐N‐(4‐phenylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐1H‐pyrazole‐4‐carboxamide 3 with appropriate 1,3‐biselectrophilic reagents namely, β‐diketones, enaminones, and α,β‐unsaturated cyclic ketone. The newly synthesized compounds were elucidated by elemental analysis, spectral data, and alternative synthetic route whenever possible.     

Synthesis of new pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidines and pyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridines

While 3(5)‐aminopyrazole reacts with enaminonitrile to yield pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidines, 3‐amino‐5‐pyrazolone reacts with the same reagents to yields pyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridines.     

Synthesis of some pyrazolo[1,5‐c][1,3]benzoxazines and a new 5H‐pyrazolo[1,5‐c][1,3,2]benzoxazaphosphorine ring system

Condensations of 5‐(2‐hydroxyphenyl)pyrazoline 3a with 4‐carboxybenzaldehyde, glyoxylic acid and N,N‐carbonyldiimidazole leading to pyrazolobenzoxazine derivatives were studied. The observed diastere‐oselectivity is discussed. Reaction of 3a with Lawesson reagent gave rise to a new 5H‐pyrazolo[1,5‐c]‐[1,3,2]benzoxazaphosphorine heterocyclic system.     

Theoretical insights into the excited‐state process of 4‐tert‐butyl‐2‐(5‐(5‐tert‐butyl‐2‐methoxyphenyl)thiazolo[5,4‐d]thiazol‐2‐yl)‐phenol

In this paper, we theoretically explore the motivation and behaviors of the excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) reaction for a novel white organic light‐emitting diode (WOLED) material 4‐tert‐butyl‐2‐(5‐(5‐tert‐butyl‐2‐methoxyphenyl)thiazolo[5,4‐d]thiazol‐2‐yl)‐phenol (t‐MTTH). The “atoms in molecules” (AIM) method is adopted to verify the formation and existence of the hydrogen bond O? H···N. By analyzing the excited‐state hydrogen bonding behaviors via changes in the chemical bonding and infrared (IR) vibrational spectra, we confirm that the intramolecular hydrogen bond O? H···N should be getting strengthened in the first excited state in four kinds of solvents, thus revealing the tendency of ESIPT reaction. Further, the role of charge‐transfer interaction is addressed under the frontier molecular orbitals (MOs), which depicts the nature of the electronic excited state and supports the ESIPT reaction. Also, the electron distribution confirms the ESIPT tendency once again. The scanned and optimized potential energy curves according to variational O? H coordinate in the solvents demonstrate that the proton transfer reaction should occur in the S₁ state, and the potential energy barriers along with ESIPT direction support this reaction. Based on the excited‐state behaviors reported in this work, the experimental spectral phenomenon has been reasonably explained.     

Novel synthesis of some new pyrimido[1,6‐a]pyrimidine and pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine derivatives

An easy and efficient route for synthesis of some pyrimido[1,6‐a]pyrimidine and pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine derivatives was described through the reaction of sodium salts of formyl ketones with 6‐aminothiouracil and 5‐aminopyrazole derivatives, respectively. The characterization of the reaction products was confirmed by using elemental analysis and spectral data. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2012).     

Synthesis of substituted pyrazolo [1,5 — a] pyrimidines

Condensation of 3-amino-4-cyanopyrazole (1) with ethylacetoacetate, ethyl cyanoacetate, diethyl malonate and acetylacetone afforded pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives (2—8a). Other compounds (8b—h) of this ring system were obtained by treatment of 1 with arylidenemalononitrile and ethylarylidenecyanoacetate. And the reaction of compound (1) with activated acetylenes yeilded pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives (11a—b).     

A new approach for the synthesis of some pyrazolo[5,1‐c]triazines and pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidines containing naphtofuran moiety

Naphtho[2,1‐b]furan‐2‐yl)(8‐phenylpyrazolo[5,1‐c][1,2,4]triazin‐3‐yl)methanone, ([1,2,4]triazolo[3,4‐c][1,2,4]triazin‐6‐yl)(naphtho[2,1‐b]furan‐2‐yl)methanone, benzo[4,5]imidazo[2,1‐c][1,2,4]triazin‐3‐yl‐naphtho[2,1‐b]furan‐2‐yl‐methanone, 5‐(naphtho[2,1‐b]furan‐2‐yl)pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine, 7‐(naphtho[2,1‐b]furan‐2‐yl)‐[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3‐a]pyrimidine, 2‐naphtho[2,1‐b]furan‐2‐yl‐benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2‐a]pyrimidine, pyridine, and pyrazole derivatives are synthesized from sodium salt of 5‐hydroxy‐1‐naphtho[2,1‐b]furan‐2‐ylpropenone and various reagents. The newly synthesized compounds were elucidated by elemental analysis, spectral data, chemical transformation, and alternative synthetic route whenever possible. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2012).     

Synthesis of some novel pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine, 1,2,4‐triazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine,pyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidine,pyrazolo[5,1‐c]‐1,2,4‐triazine and 1,2,4‐triazolo[5,1‐c]‐1,2,4‐triazine derivatives incorporating a thiazolo[3,2‐a]benzimidazole moiety

E‐3‐(N,N‐Dimethylamino)‐1‐(3‐methylthiazolo[3,2‐a]benzimidazol‐2‐yl)prop‐2‐en‐1‐one ( 2 ) was synthesized by the reaction of 1‐(3‐methylthiazolo[3,2‐a]benzimidazol‐2‐yl)ethanone ( 1 ) with dimethylformamide‐dimethylacetal. The reaction of 2 with 5‐amino‐3‐phenyl‐1H‐pyrazole ( 4a ) or 3‐amino‐1,2,4‐(1H)‐triazole ( 4b ) furnished pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine and 1,2,4‐triazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine derivatives 6a and 6b , while the reaction of enaminone 2 with 6‐aminopyrimidine derivatives 7a,b afforded pyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidine derivatives 9a,b , respectively. The diazonium salts 11a or 11b coupled with compound 2 to yield the pyrazolo[5,1‐c]‐1,2,4‐triazine and 1,2,4‐triazolo[5,1‐c]‐1,2,4‐triazine derivatives 13a and 13b . Some of the newly synthesized compounds exhibited a moderate effect against some bacterial and fungal species.     

Synthesis of pyrazolo[1,5‐a]‐, 1,2,4‐triazolo[1,5‐a]‐ and imidazo[1,2‐a]pyrimidines related to zaleplon,a new drug for the treatment of insomnia

This paper describes the preparation of some pyrazolo[1,5‐a]‐, 1,2,4‐triazolo[1,5‐a]‐ and imidazo[1,2‐a]‐pyrimidines substituted on the pyrimidine moiety by a 4‐[(N‐acetyl‐N‐ethyl)amino]phenyl group. A new synthesis of related benzo[h]pyrazolo[1,5‐a]‐, benzo[h]pyrazolo[5,1‐b]‐ and benzo[h]1,2,4‐triazolo[1,5‐a]‐quinazolines is also reported.     

Synthesis of Some New 6,8‐Disubstituted 7,8‐Dihydropyrimido[2,3:4,3]pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidines and 6,7,8‐Trisubstituted Pyrimido[2,3:4,3]Pyrazolo[1,5‐a]Pyrimidine Derivatives

Cyclization of 5‐cyano‐1,6‐dihydro‐4‐methyl‐2‐phenyl‐6‐thioxopyrimidine 4 with excess of 85% hydrazine hydrate afforded the 3‐amino‐4‐methyl‐6‐phenylpyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidine 5 , which can react with appropriate Mannich base derivatives 13a‐c and chalcones 27a,b to yield the corresponding 6,8‐disubstituted 7,8‐dihydropyrimido[2,3:4,3]pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidines 15a‐c and 30a,b , respectively. On the other hand, the 6,7,8‐trisubstituted pyrimido[2,3:4,3]pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine derivatives 8a‐g, 20a‐e, 36 and 38 were obtained by treatment of compound 5 with appropriate 1,3‐diketones 6a‐g , 3‐dimethylamino‐1‐(substituted)prop‐2‐enones 18a‐e , 3‐aminocrotononitrile 3 , and ethoxymethylenemalononitrile 37 under acidic condition, respectively.     

Synthesis and Structure of 3,4‐Dihydropyrido[2′,3′:3,4]pyrazolo[1,5‐a][1,3,5]triazin‐2‐amines

A new convenient synthon for heterocyclic chemistry, namely 1H‐pyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridin‐3‐ylguanidine was successfully prepared by selective guanylation of 1H‐pyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridin‐3‐amine. A series of 3,4‐dihydropyrido[2′,3′:3,4]pyrazolo[1,5‐a][1,3,5]triazin‐2‐amines was synthesized from 1H‐pyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridin‐3‐ylguanidine using aldehydes or ketones as one‐carbon inserting reagents. The tautomeric preferences of the products were determined using spectroscopic (e.g., 2D NOESY NMR) and single crystal X‐ray diffraction data.     

Ethyl[tris(3‐tert‐butyl‐5‐methylpyrazol‐1‐yl)hydridoborato]zinc(II)

The X‐ray crystal structure of the title compound, [Zn(C₂H₅)(C₂₄H₄₀BN₆)], or Tp^tBu,MeZnEt [Tp^tBu,Me is tris(3‐tert‐butyl‐5‐methylpyrazolyl)hydridoborate], reveals a distorted tetrahedral geometry around the Zn atom. The Zn center is coordinated by three N atoms of the borate ligand and by one C atom of the ethyl group. The present structure and other tetrahedral Tp zinc alkyl complexes are compared with similar Ttz ligands (Ttz is 1,2,4‐triazolylborate), but no major differences in the structures are noted, and it can be assumed that variation of the substitution pattern of Tp or Ttz ligands has little or no influence on the geometry of alkylzinc complexes. Refinement of the structure is complicated by a combination of metric pseudosymmetry and twinning. The metrics of the structure could also be represented in a double‐volume C‐centered orthorhombic unit cell, and the structure is twinned by one of the orthorhombic symmetry operators not present in the actual structure. The twinning lies on the borderline between pseudomerohedral and nonmerohedral. The data were refined as being nonmerohedrally twinned, pseudomerohedrally twinned and untwinned. None of the approaches yielded results that were unambiguously better than any of the others: the best fit between structural model and data was observed using the nonmerohedral approach which also yielded the best structure quality indicators, but the data set is less than 80% complete due to rejected data. The pseudomerohedral and the untwinned structures are complete, but relatively large residual electron densities that are not close to the metal center are found with values up to three times higher than in the nonmerohedral approach.     

Utilization of thiazolylacetonitriles in the synthesis of thiophene,thiazole, pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine and pyrazolo [5,1‐c]triazine derivatives

Thiazolylcyanothioacetanilides react with α‐haloketones and haloesters to give the corresponding thiophene or thiazole derivatives according to the reaction conditions. Pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidines and pyrazolo[5,1‐c]triazines were synthesized by reaction of 3‐amino‐4‐(4′‐arylthiazol‐2′‐yl)‐5‐phenylaminopyrazole with different reagents. Structures of the new compounds were confirmed by elemental analyses, spectral data, and alternative methods of synthesis whenever possible. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 10: 508–516, 1999     

Synthesis of Pyrido[2′,3′: 3,4]pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine,Pyrido[2′,3′:3,4]pyrazolo[5,1‐c][1,2,4]triazine,and Pyrazolyl Oxadiazolylthieno[2,3‐b]pyridine Derivatives

6‐(2‐Thienyl)‐4‐(trifluoromethyl)‐1H‐pyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridine‐3‐amine reacted with different active methylene compounds to afford pyridopyrazolopyrimidine derivatives. On the other hand, it reacted with some halo compounds to give the imidazo[1′,2′:1,5]pyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridine derivatives. Also, it diazotized to give the corresponding diazonium chloride that is coupled with several active methylene compounds to give the corresponding triazine derivatives. Furthermore, compound 3‐amino‐6‐(2(thienyl)‐4‐(trifluoromethyl)thieno[2,3‐b]pyridine‐2‐carbohydrazide reacted with some β‐dicarbonyl compounds and some sulfur‐containing compounds to afford the corresponding pyrazolyl oxadiazolylthieno[2,3‐b]pyridine derivatives.     

2‐tert‐Butyl‐5‐methyl‐7,8‐dihydro‐6H‐cyclopenta[e]pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine: molecular stacks built from C—H...π(pyrazole) hydrogen bonds and π–π stacking interactions

In the title compound, C₁₄H₁₉N₃, the bond distances within the heterocyclic portion of the molecule indicate incomplete π delocalization. The molecules are linked into stacks by a combination of two C—H...π(pyrazole) hydrogen bonds and two independent π–π stacking interactions between inversion‐related pyrimidine rings. The significance of this study lies in its observation of significant differences in both molecular conformation and supramolecular aggregation between the title compound, an example of a 2‐alkylpyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine, and some analogous 2‐arylpyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidines.     

Synthesis and tautomerization of 6,7‐dihydro‐(1,2,3)‐triazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidines

The condensation of 5‐amino‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3‐triazole ( 1 ) with chalcones 2a‐e or 3‐dimethylamino‐propiophenone ( 4f ) leads to the 6,7‐dihydro‐(1,2,3)‐triazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidines 3a‐f. The equilibrium of 3 and the tautomeric 4,7‐dihydro‐(1,2,3)‐triazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidines 3′ is described.