水蒸气有效带宽计算的宽带k分布模型

本文在计算吸收系数几率分布函数时引入普朗克函数加权,建立了一种新的宽带k分布模型.用该模型计算了水蒸气重要谱带的有效带宽, 并与逐线计算、Edwards指数宽谱带模型和以前的一些宽带k分布模型作了比较.结果表明积分格式对结果影响不大.对2.7μm和1.87μm谱带,本文提出的宽带k分布模型和逐线计算结果吻合;对6.3μm谱带,最大相对误差大约为10%,比指数宽谱带模型和以前的宽带k分布模型更准确.     

基于流体模型和非平衡态电子能量分布函数的高功率微波气体击穿研究

用流体模型研究高功率微波气体击穿时, 电子能量分布函数常被假设为麦克斯韦分布形式, 此假设可能将给模拟结果带来较大的误差. 通过求解玻尔兹曼方程, 得到非平衡状态下的电子能量分布函数. 分别将上述两类分布函数引入到流体模型中, 对氩气击穿进行了数值模拟. 结果表明, 基于非平衡分布函数得到的击穿时间与粒子模拟结果符合得很好, 而当平均电子能量较低时, 麦克斯韦分布函数的高能尾部导致了较短的击穿时间. 最后, 采用非平衡分布函数计算了不同压强下的氩气击穿阈值, 发现其与实验结果基本符合. 关键词： 微波气体击穿 电子能量分布函数 流体模型 玻尔兹曼方程     

考虑转动能的一维/二维Boltzmann-Rykov模型方程数值算法

研究考虑转动能的Boltzmann-Rykov模型方程,基于转动自由度对气体分子速度分布函数矩积分,引入约化速度分布函数,应用离散速度坐标法与数值积分技术,将气体运动论模型方程化为在离散速度坐标点处关于三个约化速度分布函数的联立方程组.应用拓展计算流体力学有限差分方法,数值计算考虑转动自由度的双原子气体一维、二维Boltzmann模型方程,得到高、低Knudsen数一维激波管内流动和二维竖直平板绕流问题的流场,分析验证考虑转动能的Boltzmann-Rykov模型方程全流域统一算法求解一维/二维气体流动问题的可靠性.结果表明,气体稀薄程度与分子内自由度对流场具有较大影响,且Knudsen数较高的稀薄气体流动呈现严重的非平衡流动特点.     

逐线积分气体吸收模型及其在NDIR气体检测中的应用

介绍了一种精确的逐线积分痕量气体吸收模型,模型适用于中红外波段大气环境中痕量气体、污染气体检测的理论研究和工程应用。首先介绍了气体辐射特性的理论计算方法和现有逐线积分大气模 型,比较了各自的优劣性,其次详述了逐线积分计算的理论: 吸收系数是温度、波长、气体浓度和相关吸收线参数的函数,单条谱线的平均吸收系数是积分线强与谱线线型的卷积,在不同的大气条件下选 择不同的线型。最后,详细描述了模型的算法细节,并给出了模型计算的结果与傅里叶变换光谱仪实测数据的对比,举例介绍了吸收模型在NDIR气体探测技术中的实际应用,并使用该模型模拟了NDIR探 测器两个通道的信号强度随尾气中CO₂,CO浓度变化的关系,通过计算确定了NDIR探测器合适的工作范围。所述模型利用HITRAN光谱数据库,考虑了展宽、线翼截断、温度修正、光谱分辨 率变化等情况,可以有效的模拟大气环境中多种气体的红外吸收特征。     

基于高斯混合模型的语音带宽扩展算法的研究

为了降低高带谱失真,研究了带宽扩展算法中特征参数与高带谱包络的互信息和高带谱失真之间的函数关系,并在此基础上提出了一种扩展高斯混合模型带宽扩展算法。首先,算法选择与高带谱包络互信息大的参数构成特征矢量,并根据高斯混合模型计算特征矢量与高带谱包络的联合概率密度。其次,采用Expectation-Maximization(EM)算法估计高斯分量模型参数并计算后验概率。最后,通过后验概率估计高带谱包络。实验结果表明,与传统的高斯混合模型带宽扩展算法相比,本文算法可降低0.3 dB的高带平均谱失真,将谱失真大于10dB的语音帧减少了50%以上。     

基于红外技术的气体浓度检测方法研究

依据Lambert-Beer定律,推导出检测气体浓度的数学模型,得出了测量和参考探测器输出电压与气体浓度的函数表达式,表达式中的二个常数的数值取决于气室长度、气体吸收系数、探测器的电压探测率,经零点和满量程标准气样的标定,可确定这二个常数的数值,实现对仪器的标定.根据仪器零点随温度变化的关系,得到零点与温度函数表达式,用于零点温度补偿以及对零点温度补偿系数的计算;量程温度补偿方法是通过引入量程温度补偿因子,对测量和参考探测器输出电压与气体浓度的函数表达式进行修正,修正后的函数表达式用于量程温度补偿,也能对量程温度补偿因子中的补偿系数进行计算.矿用红外甲烷传感器采用本文的标定方法和温度补偿方法,在不同的环境温度下,对标准气样进行检测,其检测结果符合红外甲烷传感器标准所规定的基本误差.     

湍流射流火焰热辐射影响的数值研究

以美国Sandia实验室火焰D为研究对象,在采用κ-ε湍流模型、概率密度函数(PDF)法及详细化学反应机理模拟湍流燃烧的基础上,研究了辐射换热对湍流射流燃烧过程的影响。模拟中采用离散坐标法(DOM)求解辐射传递方程,并分别采用普朗克平均吸收系数和箱带模型计算燃烧气体的辐射特性参数。结果表明,考虑辐射换热的影响时,火焰温度及组分浓度分布计算值与实验值吻合更好,且采用考虑气体光谱辐射效应的箱带模型比仅随温度变化的普朗克平均吸收系数的计算值更接近实验值。因此,研究燃烧气体的辐射换热问题具有重要意义,同时需要考虑其光谱辐射效应。     

基于Boltzmann模型方程的气体运动论HPF并行算法

从修正的BGK-Blotzmann模型方程出发，引入离散速度坐标技术对气体分子速度分量进行离散降维，基于非定常时间分裂数值计算方法和无波动、无自由参数的NND耗散差分格式，发展直接求解气体分子速度分布函数的气体运动论有限差分数值格式，提出了一套能有效模拟各流域三维绕流问题的气体运动论统一算法，在分析研究气体运动论数值算法内在并行度的基础上，开展各流域三维绕流问题统一算法的HPF（高性能FORTRAN）并行化程度设计，建立一套能有效模拟各流域复杂外形体绕流的HPF并行算法软件，并进行了不同Knudsen(克努森）数下三维球体绕流及类“神舟号”返回舱外形体绕流的初步数值实验，将计算结果与过渡区有关实验数据及各流域气体绕流现象进行比较分析，证实了发展的气体运动论HPF并行算法在求解稀薄流到连续流不同流域复杂绕流问题方面的可行性。     

运动目标激光微多普勒效应平动补偿和微动参数估计

利用激光探测微多普勒效应可以精确估计微动参数,有利于实现目标的准确分类和精细识别.运动目标的微多普勒效应是一种由多项式相位信号模型与正弦调频模型组成的混合信号.对于这类混合信号中的微动参数估计目前还未提出有效的方法.对此,本文提出一种基于分数阶傅里叶变换(Fr FT)的平动补偿方法,通过设计对Fr FT参数域的带宽搜索方法,可以从混合信号中精确估计平动参数,实现平动和微动的分离;通过设计静态参数粒子滤波器,从补偿后的信号中准确估计了微动参数;针对静态参数模型,采用马尔可夫-蒙特卡罗方法增加粒子多样性,并利用累积残差定义新的粒子权重计算函数,保证了算法在对多维参数估计时的快速有效收敛,避免了参数分别估计时误差传递的影响.通过仿真分析对比和实验数据,验证了本文所提补偿和参数估计算法的有效性.     

多参数补偿中红外甲烷检测仪的研制与试验

采用双通道差分式红外气体检测方法,基于比尔朗伯理论做针对性修正,研制出低检测下限、高探测性能的手持式红外甲烷气体检测仪.通过TracePro光线模拟软件,对比分析多种光学路径结构,得到小空间内长光程气室结构,增强气体有效吸收,提高仪器检测性能.引入多参数补偿算法,对气体吸收理论进行优化,得到适应本检测系统的气体吸收函数,以保证气体浓度信息计算准确性.仪器工作时最大输出电流为130mA,采用干电池供电,仪器的尺寸为209mm×70mm×40mm,甲烷气体浓度爆炸限以下最低检测限可达到50ppm,可以保证气体防爆的安全性要求.     

InGaAsSb四元合金材料禁带宽度的计算方法

讨论了计算In Ga As Sb四元合金材料禁带宽度常用的Glisson方法和Moon方法,比较了它们的计算结果.将两者化成相同形式下的等价公式后发现,二者都只考虑了Γ点带隙弯曲因子对禁带宽度的影响.通过考虑自旋轨道分裂带对价带的影响,提出一种将自旋轨道分裂带弯曲因子引入计算In Ga As Sb禁带宽度的新方法.研究结果表明,该方法计算结果的准确性要优于两种常见的方法.     

基于太极形介质柱六角光子晶体禁带特性研究

提出了一种新型的非对称性散射体的二维六角晶格光子晶体结构–-太极形介质柱光子晶体. 利用平面波展开法从理论研究这种光子晶体结构的能带特性以及结构参数对完全禁带的影响. 研究表明:散射体对称性的打破, TE模和TM模能带宽度和数目都会有所增加, 有益于获得更宽的完全禁带以及更多条完全禁带.通过参数优化, 发现在ε = 17, R=0.38 μm, r=0.36R, θ = 0° 时, 获得最大完全带隙宽度0.0541(ωa/2πc); 在ε = 16, R=0.44, r=0.2R, θ = 0°时, 光子晶体完全带隙数目最多达到8条. 关键词： 光子晶体 禁带 平面波展开     

Pion and proton production in forward and backward hemisphere in C-emulsion interaction at 4.5 GeV/c per nucleon

The paper presents an in-depth study on the forward and backward multiplicity correlations in case of pions and protons (from the target) based on the experimental data on ¹²C-emulsion interaction at 4.5 GeV/c per nucleon. The cumulative distribution of their emission angles in the backward hemisphere is presented. The asymmetry parameter (A) and the forward-backward ratio (F/B) as a function of the number of heavy particles (n_h) is also shown. The results reveal many interesting characteristics regarding the backward particle production.     

Magnetism in the single-band Hubbard model

A self-consistent spectral density approach (SDA) is applied to the Hubbard model to investigate the possibility of spontaneous ferro- and antiferromagnetism. The starting point is a two-pole ansatz for the single-electron spectral density, the free parameter of which can be interpreted as energies and spectral weights of respective quasiparticle excitations. They are determined by fitting exactly calculated spectral moments. The resulting self-energy consists of a local and a non-local part. The higher correlation functions entering the spin-dependent local part can be expressed as functionals of the single-electron spectral density. Under certain conditions for the decisive model parameters (Coulomb interaction U, Bloch bandwidth W, band occupation n, temperature T) the local part of the self-energy gives rise to a spin-dependent band shift, thus allowing for spontaneous band magnetism. As a function of temperature, second-order phase transitions are found away from half-filling, but close to half-filling, the system exhibits a tendency towards first-order transitions. The non-local self-energy part is determined by use of proper two-particle spectral densities. Its main influence concerns a (possibly spin-dependent) narrowing of the quasiparticle bands with the tendency to stabilize magnetic solutions. The non-local self-energy part disappears in the limit of infinite dimensions. We present a full evaluation of the Hubbard model in terms of quasiparticle densities of states, quasiparticle dispersions, magnetic phase diagram, critical temperatures (T_c, T_N) as well as spin and particle correlation functions. Special attention is focused on the non-locality of the electronic self-energy, for which some rigorous limiting cases are worked out.     

Correlation effects in photoelectron spectra of high-Tc superconductive oxides: the hole-induced redistribution of Cu3d states in La2CuO4

In the transition state model using the LMTO-Green function method an investigation is performed of the changes in energy distribution of Cu3d and O2p states in the valence band of La₂CuO₄ which are caused by the presence of the photoelectron hole. It is shown that taking the hole into account leads to a sharp decrease in the density of Cu3d states on the Fermi level and to a low-energy shift of the d band edge relative to the Fermi level. The grounds for the suggestion of the purely oxygenic nature of hole carriers in high-T_c superconductors are discussed.     

应变层异质结ZnS/ZnSe、ZnS/ZnSxSe1-x和ZnSe/ZnSxSe1-x价带带阶的研究

采用基于原子球近似下线性Mufin-Tin轨道(LMTO-ASA)的平均键能计算方法,研究了以ZnS_xSe_1-x为衬底,沿(001)方向外延生长的应变层异质结ZnS/ZnSe、ZnS/ZnS_xSe_1-x和ZnSe/ZnS_xSe_1-x的价带带阶值ΔE_v(x).研究表明,ΔE_v(x)值随衬底合金组分x单调变化。且两者的关系是非线性的。在此计算结果与其它理论计算和实验结果符合较好。     

低对称性光子晶体超宽带全角自准直传输的机理研究

提出了一种低对称性椭圆介质柱二维光子晶体结构, 利用平面波展开法研究了该结构在第一布里渊区的能带特性. 讨论了全角自准直效应的物理机制及椭圆柱结构参数对其带宽的影响, 明确给出了自准直传播模式的存在判据. 研究发现, 自准直模式几乎覆盖了TE偏振的整个第四能带, 而且该能带面上存在两个横跨第一布里渊区的超宽平坦区域. 时域有限差分法模拟结果表明, 利用超宽平坦区域的特性, 可同时实现带宽达187 nm (以1550 nm为中心波长)、准直入射角度几乎覆盖0°–90°的宽带全角自准直光传输.     

具有余弦-高斯关联结构函数部分相干贝塞尔-高斯光束的传输性质及四暗空心光束的产生

基于广义惠更斯-菲涅耳衍射积分公式,获得了余弦-高斯关联结构函数部分相干贝塞尔-高斯光束交叉谱密度函数通过近轴ABCD光学系统传输时的解析表达式.并因此探讨了该类光束经过自由空间传输时光强分布的演化特性.结果表明,余弦-高斯关联部分相干贝塞尔-高斯光束在合适的参数条件下能呈现自分裂等奇异传输特性.特别地,这种自分裂可实现暗空心光束的复制,即从一个暗空心光束获得四个相似的暗空心光束.并且发现这些传输特性和关联结构函数结构密切相关,因此调控关联结构函数分布以实现调制光的相干长度和空间分布性质从而可实现操控光束传输行为.由于暗空心光束在工程技术领域的重要应用价值,本文的研究结果提供了实现四暗空心光束的可能方案,从而在激光通信、微粒操控等方面具有重要的应用前景.     

Wave function collapses and 1/n energy spectrum induced by a Coulomb potential in a one-dimensional flat band system

We investigate the bound state problem in a one-dimensional flat band system with a Coulomb potential. It is found that, in the presence of a Coulomb potential of type I (with three equal diagonal elements), similarly to that in the two-dimensional case, the flat band could not survive. At the same time, the flat band states are transformed into localized states with a logarithmic singularity near the center position. In addition, the wave function near the origin would collapse for an arbitrarily weak Coulomb potential. Due to the wave function collapses, the eigen-energies for a shifted Coulomb potential depend sensitively on the cut-off parameter. For a Coulomb potential of type II, there exist infinite bound states that are generated from the flat band. Furthermore, when the bound state energy is very near the flat band, the energy is inversely proportional to the natural number, e.g.,$E_n\propto$ 1/n, n=1,2,3,... It is expected that the 1/n energy spectrum could be observed experimentally in the near future.     

Broad-band phase retrieval method for transient radial shearing interference using chirp Z transform technique

The transient radial shearing interferometry technique based on fast Fourier transform (FFT) provides a means for the measurement of the wavefront phase of transient light field. However, which factors affect the spatial bandwidth of the wavefront phase measurement of this technology and how to achieve high-precision measurement of the broad-band transient wavefront phase are problems that need to be studied further. To this end, a theoretical model of phase-retrieved bandwidth of radial shearing interferometry is established in this paper. The influence of the spatial carrier frequency and the calculation window on phase-retrieved bandwidth is analyzed, and the optimal carrier frequency and calculation window are obtained. On this basis, a broad-band transient radial shearing interference phase-retrieval method based on chirp Z transform (CZT) is proposed, and the corresponding algorithm is given. Through theoretical simulation, a known phase is used to generate the interferogram and it is retrieved by the traditional method and the proposed method respectively. The residual wavefront RMS of the traditional method is 0.146λ, and it is 0.037λ for the proposed method, which manifests an improvement of accuracy by an order of magnitude. At the same time, different levels of signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) from 50 dB to 10 dB of the interferogram are simulated, and the RMS of the residual wavefront is from 0.040λ to 0.066λ. In terms of experiments, an experimental verification device based on a phase-only spatial light modulator is built, and the known phase on the modulator is retrieved from the actual interferogram. The RMS of the residual wavefront retrieved through FFT is 0.112λ, and it decreases to 0.035λ through CZT. The experimental results verify the effectiveness of the method proposed in this paper. Furthermore, the method can be used in other types of spatial carrier frequency interference, such as lateral shearing interference, rotational shearing interference, flipping shearing interference, and four-wave shearing interference.