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1.
本文综述了生物量热学在生命科学研究中的应用,主要围绕生物膜相变、生物大分子的稳定性和生物化学反应三个热点领域,介绍了近年来这些方面的研究进展.  相似文献   

2.
本文综述了生物量热学在生命科学研究中的应用,主要围绕生物膜相变、生物大分子的稳定性和生物化学反应三个热点领域,介绍了近年来这些方面的研究进展。  相似文献   

3.
《化学进展》2006,18(0708):1049-1055
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4.
《化学进展》2006,18(0708):1049-1055
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5.
介绍了生物大分子印迹技术及其印迹聚合物的研究进展,其中包括对蛋白质、核酸、微生物细胞进行分子印迹所采用的印迹方法、机理以及存在的问题,最后简要探讨了生物大分子印迹聚合物在医学研究中的应用前景。  相似文献   

6.
近年来,毛细管电泳技术以其高效、微量、分离模式多样等优势,在生物大分子分析领域得到了日益广泛的应用.综述了毛细管电泳技术在多糖、蛋白质、核酸和脂质中的应用,并对其相关的样品制备、毛细管内壁吸附、仪器的研制等方面存在的问题进行分析和展望,以期为毛细管电泳技术在生物大分子领域的推广应用提供借鉴.  相似文献   

7.
生命相关过程伴随着极其复杂的化学和物理过程,包含着物质变化和能量转换,其中部分能量不可避免地会以热的形式表现出来。用微量热技术和热动力学方法,研究复杂生命体系和相关反应的热动力学过程,可宏观地、本质地反映生命相关过程的内在规律。本文综述了生物量热学方法和技术在生命科学中的应用,介绍了生物量热技术在生态系统、生物组织和器官、细胞水平、亚细胞水平和分子层面等不同生物层次和结构水平上的研究现状和进展。  相似文献   

8.
生物光化学是光生物学的基础。生物光化学归根结底是光感受体(即感光的物质)的光化学。但是光感受体范围极广,功能各异,例如有感受紫外光的生物大分子(如蛋白质与核酸);有感受长波紫外光的糠香豆素类物质;有感受可见光的视紫质类物质(如视觉中的视紫质,嗜盐菌紫膜中的菌紫质);植物光合作用的叶绿素以及执行光形态建成的光敏色素等等。  相似文献   

9.
核酸适体生物传感器*   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
郑静  何品刚  方禹之 《化学进展》2009,21(4):732-738
构建高速度、高特异性、高灵敏的蛋白质检测技术是目前蛋白质组学研究所面临的紧迫任务。传统蛋白质的检测主要利用抗体-抗原的特异相互作用。利用寡核苷酸间的严格的识别和亲和力而设计的人工合成寡核苷酸-适体(aptamer)的出现,使抗体抗原反应发生新的革命性变化。核酸适体对蛋白质的结合力和特异性可与抗原抗体间的作用力相媲美,且与抗体相比有许多优越性。因此利用核酸适体构建蛋白质的检测方法己引起许多科学工作者的关注。本文综述了核酸适体的发现(包括SELEX技术的原理),特点, 核酸适体生物传感器的原理、分类和应用,并对核酸适体生物传感器的发展进行了展望。  相似文献   

10.
化学反应的热动力学研究进展   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4  
刘劲松  曾宪诚 《化学通报》1993,(4):21-25,35
根据化学反应的放热速度研究反应动力学的分支学科称为热动力学。本文回顾了国内外学者在各种量热体系中研究热动力学的进展情况,特别偏重于评价热动力学的基础理论和研究方法及其应用前景的发展动向。但因限于篇幅,对于各种热分析仪器(DTA、DSC、TG等)中的动力学研究,本文未予涉及。  相似文献   

11.
    
Glycyrrhetic acid (GA) and stearyl glycyrrhetinate (SG) are two interesting compounds from Glycyrrhiza glabra, showing numerous biological properties widely applied in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic fields. Despite these appreciable benefits, their potential therapeutic properties are strongly compromised due to unfavourable physical-chemical features. The strategy exploited in the present work was to develop solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) as carrier systems for GA and SG delivery. Both formulations loaded with GA and SG (GA-SLNs and SG-SLNs, respectively) were prepared by the high shear homogenization coupled to ultrasound (HSH-US) method, and we obtained good technological parameters. DSC was used to evaluate their thermotropic behaviour and ability to act as carriers for GA and SG. The study was conducted by means of a biomembrane model (multilamellar vesicles; MLVs) that simulated the interaction of the carriers with the cellular membrane. Unloaded and loaded SLNs were incubated with the biomembranes, and their interactions were evaluated over time through variations in their calorimetric curves. The results of these studies indicated that GA and SG interact differently with MLVs and SLNs; the interactions of SG-SLNs and GA-SLNs with the biomembrane model showed different variations of the MLVs calorimetric curve and suggest the potential use of SLNs as delivery systems for GA.  相似文献   

12.
The thermodynamic quantities associated with ionization of the N1 and N9 protons of adenine have been calorimetrically determined as a function of temperature. The H values for proton dissociation of these groups, with pK values of 4.19 and 9.92, were found to be 5.1 and 9.1 kcal/mole, respectively, at 25°C, =0.025. The C p values for proton dissociation of these groups were estimated to be –11 and –17 cal/mole-deg. These results indicate that the large heat capacity changes observed during conformational transitions of polynucleotides are not the result of ionization of the bases.  相似文献   

13.
蛋白质是参与各种生理过程的关键生物分子。选择性的蛋白质化学修饰为开发新型生物制药和复杂生物系统中单个蛋白质的功能研究提供了有力工具。核酸作为一种多功能的分子工具,近十年被广泛用于构建选择性的蛋白质修饰策略。在这类策略中,核酸可以:(i)作为模板来辅助反应基团与蛋白质靠近,提高有效反应浓度;(ii)作为导向系统通过结合兴趣蛋白(Proteinsofinterest,POI)实现共价修饰的选择性;(iii)作为催化剂增强邻近区域的蛋白质修饰反应。该综述着重介绍核酸介导蛋白质共价标记策略的研究进展,并以不同的导向系统为分类,介绍了这类标记策略的发展及主要应用。  相似文献   

14.
    
Bioconjugation chemistry has been used to prepare modified biomolecules with functions beyond what nature intended. Central to these techniques is the development of highly efficient and selective bioconjugation reactions that operate under mild, biomolecule compatible conditions. Methods that form a nucleophile–sp2 carbon bond show promise for creating bioconjugates with new modifications, sometimes resulting in molecules with unparalleled functions. Here we outline and review sulfur, nitrogen, selenium, oxygen, and carbon arylative bioconjugation strategies and their applications to modify peptides, proteins, sugars, and nucleic acids  相似文献   

15.
从理论上推导出核酸、蛋白质的正电荷数随pH的变化关系式:Y=∑(i=1-3)[H^+]~n~i/([H^+]+K~b~i),负电荷数随pH的变化关系式:X=∑(i=1-5)K~a~im~i/([H^+]+k~a~i)、净电荷数随pH变化关系式以及等电点计算关系式,并从关系式中导出核苷酸、碱基、中性氨基酸、酸性氨基酸、碱性氨基酸的等电点关系式,表明理论推导是正确、可靠的。用表面活性剂沉淀肌酸激酶、不同pH的溶菌酶电泳方法验证了计算结果的可靠性。同时,计算了人DNA、蚕DNA、β-乳球蛋白带电荷数随pH的变化规律,并估计了计算误差。  相似文献   

16.
研究了两个噻唑橙类菁染料TO-1和TO-2与核酸、蛋白质结合的光谱特性.发现染料喹啉环中氮上取代基对染料标记生物大分子的荧光特性有着很大的影响.羧基的引入,使染料TO-2与核酸结合后的荧光性能下降,但同时也提高了它与蛋白质结合的光物理性能.研究表明:在喹啉环氮上引入适当的亲水性取代基,可以使噻唑橙类菁染料的应用范围拓展到蛋白质标记领域.并初步研究了蛋白质浓度的变化对染料TO-2的荧光光谱的影响以及TO-2在不同pH值的蛋白质溶液中的荧光性质.  相似文献   

17.
Enthalpies of solution of thymine and uracil in water and in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) were measured calorimetrically in the temperature range 25–40°C. H s o at 25°C for thymine and uracil in water were found to be 23.1±0.5 and 29.5±0.3 kJ-mol–1, respectively. In DMSO, H s o were 7.9±0.1 and 10.2±0.1 kJ-mol–1, respectively. In aqueous solution C p o for the two nucleic acid bases were relatively large and positive with C p o of thymine being larger. Both transfer quantities H t o and C p,t o for the proceses H2ODMSO for the two nucleic acid bases were negative. It is proposed that, the differences in the values obtained for the two bases is due principally to increased order in the water adjacent to the methyl group in thymine.  相似文献   

18.
    
Enzyme engineering is an indispensable tool in the field of synthetic biology, where enzymes are challenged to carry out novel or improved functions. Achieving these goals sometimes goes beyond modifying the primary sequence of the enzyme itself. The use of protein or nucleic acid scaffolds to enhance enzyme properties has been reported for applications such as microbial production of chemicals, biosensor development and bioremediation. Key advantages of using these assemblies include optimizing reaction conditions, improving metabolic flux and increasing enzyme stability. This review summarizes recent trends in utilizing genetically encodable scaffolds, developed in line with synthetic biology methodologies, to complement the purposeful deployment of enzymes. Current molecular tools for constructing these synthetic enzyme-scaffold systems are also highlighted.  相似文献   

19.
近年来,由于毛细管电泳技术理论的不断完善,亲和毛细管电泳技术得到迅速发展,并在生命科学、生物技术、临床医学、药物学等领域具有广泛的应用.对亲和毛细管电泳的原理、优点及分类做了简要介绍,并且着重介绍了近几年ACE技术在蛋白质分析、核苷酸分析、药物分析、手性分离及小分子、离子分析等方面的研究进展,及其在亲和常数测定、蛋白质结构分析、核苷酸的检测中的应用.  相似文献   

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