铌镁酸铅-钛酸铅铁电阴极电子发射特性

研究了铌镁酸铅-钛酸铅铁电材料的铁电、介电性能对阴极发射阈值电压的影响, 以及铁电阴极发射电流与激励脉冲电压和抽取电压之间的关系, 并分析了其发射机理. 结果表明, 室温介电常数高、极化强度变化量大的弛豫铁电体0.9Pb(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃-0.1PbTiO₃具有较小的发射阈值电压; 铁电阴极电子发射与快极化反转和等离子体的形成有关; 由极化反转所致电子发射的自发射电流随激励脉冲电压的增大呈幂律增长关系, 其发射电流开始于激励脉冲电压的下降沿; 在抽取电压较大时, 发射电流随抽取电压的增大呈线性增长关系, 说明大电流主要取决于抽取电压; 其发射电流开始于激励脉冲电压的上升沿, 与“三介点”处的场增强效应和等离子体的形成有关; 当抽取电压为2500 V 时, 得到的发射电流幅值为210 A, 相应的电流密度为447 A/cm².     

Pb(Sc_(1/2)Nb_(1/2))O_3中有序-无序转变和铁电相变的Raman光谱研究

采用wolframite前驱物法制备了Pb(Sc1/2Nb1/2)O3陶瓷。通过调节陶瓷烧结工艺,获得了三种具有不同B位离子有序度的PSN陶瓷。测量了三种陶瓷样品在室温至160°C范围内的Raman光谱随温度变化。结果表明,随着温度的升高,三种不同B位有序度的陶瓷样品中,Raman光谱中位于530 cm-1的F2g模的峰位和半峰宽分别在100°C,85°C和80°C发生了突变,表明陶瓷分别在100°C,85°C和80°C三个温度点发生了铁电-顺电相变。上述结论得到了介电温度谱测量数据的支持。     

Effect of Hydrostatic Pressure on the Dielectric Response of Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 Relaxor

The effect of hydrostatic pressure on the dielectric response of Pb(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃ relaxor single crystal was studied. An increase in the dispersion of the dielectric anomaly, characteristic of the relaxors, was observed: pressure-induced downward shift of the temperature T _m of permittivity maximum at 1 kHz amounts to dT _m /dp = ? 3.8 K/100 MPa, whereas that measured at 1 MHz equals ? 3.3 K/100 MPa. Analysis of the dielectric response of the highly polarizable Pb(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃ shows that hydrostatic pressure results in a decrease of the correlation radius r _c of polar nanodomains, as well as their activation energy.     

Effects of strontium on the characteristics of Pb(Zr1/2Ti1/2)O3--Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3 ceramics

The dielectric and piezoelectric properties of pyrochlore-free lead zirconate titanate-lead zinc niobate ceramics were investigated systematically as a function of Sr doping. The powders of Pb_{(1? x )}Sr _x [0.7(Zr_{1 / 2}Ti_{1 / 2})–0.3(Zn_{1 / 3}Nb_{2 / 3})]O₃, where x?=?0–0.06 were prepared using the columbite-(wolframite) precursor method. The ceramic materials were characterized using X-ray diffraction, dielectric spectra, hysteresis and electromechanical measurements. The phase-pure perovskite phase of Sr-doped PZN--PZT ceramics was obtained over a wide compositional range. The results showed that the optimized electrical properties were also achieved at composition x?=?0.0, which were K _P?=?0.69, d ₃₃?=?670?pC?N^?1, P _r?=?31.9?µC?cm^?2 and ε_rmax?=?18600. Maximum dielectric constant values of the systems decreased rapidly with increasing Sr concentration. Moreover, with increasing Sr concentration dielectric constant versus temperature curves become gradually broader. The diffuseness parameter increased significantly with Sr doping. Furthermore, Sr doping has been shown to produce a linear reduction in the transition temperature (T _m)?=?294.1–12.7x°C with concentration (x). Sr shifts the transition temperature of this system at a rate of 12.7°C?mol^?1%.     

SO2-4/Fe2O3-Al2O3纳米固体酸的红外光谱研究

用IR光谱研究了SO4^2-/Fe2O3-Al2O3纳米固体酸在不同焙烧温度下表面结构与酸性的变化，结果表明，当焙烧温度在450－500℃时，双齿螯合配位结构特征谱带齐全，酸性强，小于450℃时，双齿螯合配位特征谱带不齐全，酸性不强，而大于500℃时，随着温度的升高，特性谱带区域宽化，特征峰消失，酸性变弱。此外，从Fe-O纳米颗粒的特征振动带显示可得知，样品的粒径小于30nm。     

多孔未极化Pb(Zr0.95Ti0.05)O3铁电陶瓷单轴压缩力学响应与相变

通过添加造孔剂的方法制备了四种不同孔隙率未极化PZT95/5铁电陶瓷. 采用非接触式的数字散斑相关性分析(digital image correltation, DIC)全场应变光学测量技术, 对多孔未极化PZT95/5 铁电陶瓷开展了单轴压缩实验研究, 讨论了孔隙率对未极化PZT95/5铁电陶瓷的力学响应与畴变、相变行为的影响. 多孔未极化PZT95/5铁电陶瓷的单轴压缩应力-应变关系呈现出类似于泡沫或蜂窝材料的三阶段变形特征, 其变形机理主要归因于畴变和相变的共同作用, 与微孔洞塌缩过程无关. 多孔未极化PZT95/5铁电陶瓷的弹性模量、压缩强度都随着孔隙率的增加而明显降低, 而孔隙率对断裂应变的影响较小. 预制的微孔洞没有改善未极化PZT95/5铁电陶瓷材料的韧性, 这是因为单轴压缩下未极化PZT95/5铁电陶瓷的断裂机理是轴向劈裂破坏, 微孔洞对劈裂裂纹传播没有起到阻碍和分叉作用. 准静态单轴压缩下多孔未极化PZT95/5铁电陶瓷畴变和相变开始的临界应力都随着孔隙率的增大而呈线性衰减, 但相变开始的临界体积应变却不依赖孔隙率.     

铁电磁体Pb(Fe1/2Nb1/2)O3的磁电性能研究

对铁电磁体Pb(Fe_1/2Nb_1/2)O₃单晶样品中的 介电和磁性能进行了研究. 认为在其反铁磁相变点观察到的介电常数和损耗的异常来自于自发极化序和自旋序的相互作用 引起的磁电耦合. 磁矩与温度的关系曲线在Nel点以下的低温段呈上升趋势，测得的磁滞 回线证明有弱铁磁性出现. 对铁电磁体磁电相互作用的Monte Carlo模拟得到与实验类似的 结果. 关键词： 铁电磁体 1/2Nb_1/2)O₃')" href="#">Pb(Fe_1/2Nb_1/2)O₃ 磁电耦合 Monte Carlo模拟     

Interrelation between inhomogeneity and cyclability in O3‐NaFe1/2Co1/2O2

O3‐NaFe_1/2Co_1/2O₂ shows initial capacity of 160 mAh/g and an average operating voltage of 3.1 V (vs. Na) with good cyclability, and is a promising candidate of the cathode materials for sodium‐ion secondary batteries (SIBs). Here, we found that the cyclability of the slowly‐cooled sample is much worse than that of quenched one, even though the former sample keeps the O3‐type structure. The energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX) images suggest that the slow‐cooled sample (Na_x Fe_1–yCo_y O₂) is inhomogeneous in the Fe concentration (1 – y), perhaps triggered by the Na deficiency (1 – x). We ascribed the poor cyclability in the slowly‐cooled sample to the concentration inhomogeneity (Δy). The Δy is further responsible for the fluctuation of the lattice constants (a and c), as revealed by the Williamson–Hall plot. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

La1/3Sr2/3Fe1-xCoxO3体系中的Co替代效应研究

本文通过对La1/3Sr2/3Fe1-xCoxO3系列样品进行X射线衍射(XRD)和变温电阻率(p～T)、比热(C～T)、磁化率(M～T)等测试,研究了Co掺杂对该系列样品的晶体结构和电热磁性质的影响.结果表明,随着Co掺杂量的增加,晶胞体积单调减小;电阻中电荷有序(charge ordering,CO)的特征逐渐消失.Co含量低的样品随着温度降低发生顺磁-反铁磁(PM-AFM)转变和金属-绝缘体(M-I)转变;Co含量高的样品则在磁转变温度以下表现出团簇玻璃型短程铁磁有序行为,并且在整个测量温区内具有金属导电特性.这些证明Co掺杂引起电子的局域化效应是导致体系电磁和输运行为发生变化的主要原因.     

The piezoelectric effect in Pb[(Fe1/3Sb2/3) x Ti y Zr z ]O3 ceramics

The piezoelectric properties of Pb[(Fe_1/3Sb_2/3) _x Ti _y Zr _z ]O₃ with x + y + z = 1, x = 0.1, y = 0.43–0.48 ceramics have been investigated over a broad temperature range using a resonance technique. The influence of modification of PZT normal ferroelectric synthesized near the morphotropic phase boundary by a relaxor Pb(Fe_1/3Sb_2/3)O₃ compound on its physical properties was studied. The coefficients s ₁₁, k ₃₁, and d ₃₁ were calculated from the parameters characterizing the behavior of damped harmonic oscillator in the vicinity of the piezoelectric resonance. Several anomalies of the piezoelectric coefficients have been found in the temperature range 300–600 K. Two diffuse phase transitions were observed in Pb[(Fe_1/3Sb_2/3) _x Ti _y Zr _z ]O₃. The anomaly near 530 K for y = 0.43 is responsible for the transition from the rhombohedral phase to the tetragonal one. For y > 0.44 this transition is found to be very diffuse and the coexistence of rhombohedral and tetragonal phases occurs. The observation of low piezoelectric activity confirms the existence of polar regions in Pb[(Fe_1/3Sb_2/3) _x Ti _y Zr _z ]O₃ above T _m.     

Magneto-electrogyration in cubic Sr(NO3)2, Ba(NO3)2, and Pb(NO3)2

The simultaneous application of electric and magnetic fields on single crystals of Sr-, Ba-and Pb-dinitrate yields an additional term to the pure electrogyration and Faraday effect. The symmetric part of the fourth-rank tensor of this magneto-electrogyration has been completely determined with the aid of a high-resolution computer-aided polarimetric device. In Pb(NO₃)₂ a maximum magneto-electrogyration of about 10% of the magnitude of electrogyration is observed when a magnetic field of 1000 kA/m (1.2 Tesla) is applied along [111]. The effects in Sr(NO₃)₂ and Ba(NO₃)₂ are much smaller. Index of refraction, electrogyration, Faraday effect, and the new magneto-electrogyration obey the same sequence: Pb(NO₃)₂ > Ba(NO₃)₂ > Sr(NO₃)₂.     

Perovskite Pb(Sc1/2Nb1/2)O3 nanopowders synthesized by surfactant-modulated precipitation

A novel surfactant-modulated precipitation method is proposed to produce pure perovskite Pb(Sc_1/2Nb_1/2)O₃ (PSN) nanopowders at a low temperature of 700 °C. The samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, and HRTEM, respectively. The results indicate that the powders exhibit a granular shape of 80 nm in diameter. It is believed that the nanosize of as-prepared PSN powders is dependent on the well-dispersed performance, which arouse from the combined effects of both precipitant TMAH and surfactant CTAB. The mechanism of the formation of the pure perovskite PSN nanopowders is discussed in detail. Our method is expected to create a new, low-cost route to produce the promising nanopowders of multi-component perovskite systems.     

柔性Pb(Zr_(0.53)Ti_(0.47))O_3薄膜的高温铁电特性

随着柔性电子产品的迅速发展,具有优异铁电和压电性的Pb(Zr_(0.53)Ti_(0.47))O_3 (PZT)薄膜在柔性的非易失性存储器、传感器和制动器等器件中有广泛的应用前景.同时,由于外部环境越来越复杂,具有高温稳定特性的材料和器件受到越来越多的关注.本文在耐高温的二维层状氟晶云母衬底上,用脉冲激光沉积技术制备出外延的PZT薄膜,并通过机械剥离的方法,得到柔性的外延PZT薄膜.研究了Pt/PZT/SRO异质结的铁电和压电性及其高温特性,发现样品表现出优越的铁电性,剩余极化强度(P_r)高达65μC/cm~2,在弯曲104次后其铁电性基本保持不变,且样品在275℃高温时仍然保持良好的铁电性.本文为柔性PZT薄膜在航空航天器件中的应用提供了实验基础.     

Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering of 4‐mercaptopyridine on sub‐monolayers of α‐Fe2O3 nanocrystals (sphere,spindle, cube)

We report surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra from 4‐mercaptopyridine (4‐Mpy) adsorbed on sub‐monolayers of α‐Fe₂O₃ nanocrystals (sphere, spindle, cube). The maximum enhancement factor has been estimated to be about 10⁴ compared to that of 4‐Mpy in solution. A possible mechanism has been proposed that the charge transfer between the α‐Fe₂O₃ nanocrystals and the 4‐Mpy molecules is most likely responsible for the observed enhancement of Raman intensity of adsorbed 4‐Mpy molecules as surface plasmon resonances have not occurred. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Photoelectrochemical properties of texture‐controlled nanostructured α‐Fe2O3 thin films prepared by AACVD

Nanostructured α‐Fe₂O₃ thin film electrodes were deposited by aerosol‐assisted chemical vapour deposition (AACVD) for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting on conducting glass substrates using 0.1 M methanolic solution of Fe(acac)₃. The XRD analysis confirmed that the films are highly crystalline α‐Fe₂O₃ and free from other iron oxide phases. The highly reproducible electrodes have an optical bandgap of ～2.15 eV and exhibit anodic photocurrent. The current–voltage characterization of the electrodes reveals that the photocurrent density strongly depended on the film morphology and deposition temperature. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed a change in the surface morphology with the change in deposition temperature. The films deposited at 450 °C have nanoporous structures which provide a maximum electrode/electrolyte interface. The maximum photocurrent density of 455 µA/cm² was achieved at 0.25 V vs. Ag/AgCl/3M KCl (～1.23 V vs. RHE) and the incident photon to electron conversion efficiency (IPCE) was 23.6% at 350 nm for the electrode deposited at 450 °C. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Ba(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3电子结构第一性原理计算及光学性能研究

Ba(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃ (BMN)复合钙钛矿陶瓷具有高介电常数和高品质因子等介电性能, 预示了其在光学领域的应用前景. 本文采用第一性原理方法计算了BMN的电子结构, 对其本征光学性能进行分析和预测. 对固相合成六方相BMN的XRD 测试结果进行Rietveld精修(加权方差因子R_wp=6.73%, 方差因子R_p=5.05%), 在此基础上建立晶体结构模型并对其进行几何优化. 运用基于密度泛函理论(DFT)的平面波赝势方法, 对六方相BMN晶体模型的能带、态密度和光学性质进行理论计算. 结果表明BMN的能带结构为间接带隙, 禁带宽度E_g=2.728 eV. Mg-O和Ba-O以离子键结合为主, Nb-O以共价键结合为主, 费米面附近的能带主要由O-2p和Nb-4d 态电子占据, 形成了d-p轨道杂化. 修正带隙后, 计算了BMN沿[100]和[001]方向上的复介电函数、吸收系数和反射率等光学性质. 结果表明, BMN近乎光学各向同性, 在可见光区, 其本征透过率为77%< T <83%, 折射率为1.91< n <2.14, 并伴随一定的色散现象. 实验测试结果与理论计算结果相吻合.     

共沉淀法制备Y(P,V)O4:Tm3+荧光粉及其光致发光

采用氨水、双氧水和磷酸氢二铵溶液作沉淀剂,通过共沉淀法制备出Y(P,V)O4：Tm^3 荧光粉,利用XRD、SEM、紫外以及真空紫外激发下的发射光谱对其进行研究。结果表明：共沉淀法制备的Y(P,V)O4：Tm^3 荧光粉的颗粒形貌好,在147nm真空紫外光和254nm紫外光激发下,荧光粉发射主峰位于476nm,色坐标范围为：0．167≤x≤0．200;0．146≤y≤0．183。从这些结果来看,Y(P,V)O4：Tm^3 体系还不能满足实际应用的要求,仍需进一步的深入研究以改善其性能。     

等静压下0.75Pb（Mg1/3Nb2/3）O3-0.25PbTiO3陶瓷的介电性能研究

研究了等静压对0.75Pb（Mg_1/3Nb_2/3）O₃-0.25PbTiO₃（PMN-25PT）陶瓷介电温谱的影响,PMN-25PT剩余极化随等静压变化和等静压压致相变.结果表明,随着压力增加,PMN-25PT的介电峰值温度T_m降低,/+{dT_m}/-{dP}≈-4℃/kbar,极化弛豫增强;剩余极化随压力增加连续减小;介电常数对压力的依赖关系与对温度场的依赖相似,压力诱导PMN-25PT发生弛豫铁电—顺电相变,相变为宽化的渐变过程,频率色散和极化弛豫更加强烈和普遍. 关键词： 铌镁酸铅-钛酸铅 等静压 介电弛豫 压致相变     

Electrical transport in ferroelectric Pb[(Fe1/3Sb2/3) x Ti y Zr z ]O3 ceramics

In this article, the studies of the polarization currents and current–voltage characteristics (J–V) are presented. The measurements of the J–V in low and high temperatures as well as at low and high voltages have permitted to recognize certain details of local energy levels in forbidden gap. It has been possible to calculate energy trap levels and their concentration. Calculated trap energy and concentration, under the condition of single trap energy levels, are equal: E _t = 0.55 eV, N _t = 2.97 · 10²³ m^?3 for the sample y = 0.44 and E _t = 0.59 eV, N _t = 1.5 · 10²³ m^?3 for the sample y = 0.47. Knowing the J–V characteristic and the Seebeck coefficient the carriers concentration and their mobility can also be calculated. The carriers concentration and their mobility are equal: n = 3.8 · 10¹⁸ m^?3, µ = 1.4 · 10^?12 m² V^?1 · s^?1 for sample y = 0.44 and n = 6.9 · 10¹⁶ m^?3, µ = 1.3·10^?11 m² V^?1 · s^?1 for the sample y = 0.47.     

La调节Pb(Zr,Sn,Ti)O_3反铁电陶瓷的相变与电学性质

利用X射线衍射、弱场介电温度谱、强场极化强度研究了不同La含量(Pb1-xLa2x3)(Zr06Sn03Ti01)O3(000≤x≤012)(PLZSnT)陶瓷的相变与电学特性.实验发现,随La含量增大,室温下材料由铁电三方相(x=000)转变为反铁电四方相(003≤x≤009)和立方相(x=012).介电测试表明,La含量增大,反铁电→顺电相变温度降低,峰值介电常量减小.在x=006的PLZSnT三元相图中,反铁电四方相区扩大到Ti含量约为18at%,该系统反铁电陶瓷具有“窄、斜”型双电滞回线和“三电滞回线”;在高Zr、高Sn区,反铁电→顺电相变呈现弥散相变和介电频率色散特征,即反铁电极化弛豫现象.从ABO3钙钛矿结构的容忍因子(t)和反铁电相的结构特征出发,讨论了La对Pb(Zr,Sn,Ti)O3相变与电学性质的影响机理 关键词： 场诱相变 弛豫型反铁电体 介电性能 La调节Pb(Zr Sn Ti)O3